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Matsuno A, Mizutani A, Okinaga H, Takano K, Yamada S, Yamada SM, Nakaguchi H, Hoya K, Murakami M, Takeuchi M, Sugaya M, Itoh J, Takekoshi S, Osamura RY. Functional molecular morphology of anterior pituitary cells, from hormone production to intracellular transport and secretion. Med Mol Morphol 2011; 44:63-70. [PMID: 21717308 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-011-0545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Combined in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) under electron microscopy (EM-ISH & IHC) has sufficient ultrastructural resolution to provide two-dimensional images of subcellular localization of pituitary hormone and its mRNA in a pituitary cell. The advantages of semiconductor nanocrystals (Quantum dots; Qdots) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) enable us to obtain three-dimensional images of the subcellular localization of pituitary hormone and its mRNA. Both EM-ISH & IHC and ISH & IHC using Qdots and CLSM are useful for understanding the relationship between protein and mRNA simultaneously in two or three dimensions. CLSM observation of rab3B and SNARE proteins such as SNAP-25 and syntaxin revealed that both rab3B and SNARE system proteins play an important role and work together as the exocytotic machinery in anterior pituitary cells. Another important issue is the intracellular transport and secretion of pituitary hormone. An experimental pituitary cell line, the GH3 cell, in which growth hormone (GH) is linked to enhanced yellow fluorescein protein (EYFP), has been developed. This stable GH3 cell secretes GH linked to EYFP upon being stimulated by Ca(2+) influx or Ca(2+) release from storage. This GH3 cell is useful for real-time visualization of the intracellular transport and secretion of GH. These three methods enable us to visualize consecutively the processes of transcription, translation, transport, and secretion of pituitary hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba, 299-0111, Japan.
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Yoneda A, Sano T, Yamada S, Obari A, Qian ZR, Wang EL, Inosita N, Kudo E. Pituitary adenomas that show a faint GH-immunoreactivity but lack fibrous body: Pit-1 adenoma with endocrinologically low activity. Endocr Pathol 2010; 21:40-7. [PMID: 20111911 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-009-9105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH)-producing pituitary adenomas have been classified into densely and sparsely granulated adenomas. The latter are chromophobic with weak GH-positivity and characteristically possess fibrous body (FB), aggregation of cytokeratin filaments. We report eight cases of unusual chromophobic adenomas. GH-immunoreactivity was detected in most adenoma cells in five cases and scattered in three cases. However, it appeared much weaker than that seen in ordinary GH-producing adenomas because of spotty immunoreactivity. Although intracytoplasmic organelles were well-developed, secretory granules were small and sparse. FB was not identified in any cases. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was positive in four cases. Pit-1 protein was positive in all eight cases. A weak labeling with GH probe was detected in two of two cases examined by in situ hybridization. Acromegalic features were evident in four cases, while mild or absent in four cases. GH levels were below 5 microg/l in four cases and 5-10 microg/l in the remaining cases. Macroadenomas and invasive adenomas were seen in seven and six cases, respectively.Pituitary adenomas that show a faint GH-immunoreactivity but lack FB do not fit the established classification. These adenomas may be a distinct pituitary adenoma type of Pit-1 lineage with endocrinologically low activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yoneda
- Department of Human Pathology, Institute of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Matsuno A, Nagashima T, Itoh J, Sanno N, Teramoto A, Osamura RY. Histopathological Review of Silent Pituitary Somatotroph Adenoma. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.38.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University Ichihara Hospital
| | | | - Johbu Itoh
- Teaching and Research Support Center, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Naoko Sanno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School
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Matsuno A, Itoh J, Takekoshi S, Itoh Y, Ohsugi Y, Katayama H, Nagashima T, Osamura RY. Dynamics of subcellular organelles, growth hormone, Rab3B, SNAP-25, and syntaxin in rat pituitary cells caused by growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin. Microsc Res Tech 2003; 62:232-9. [PMID: 14506689 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rab3B is involved in the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles and secretory granules in the central nervous system and the anterior pituitary cells. The aim of this study was to elucidate both the role of rab3B in GH secretion and the mutual relationship of rab3B and SNARE proteins. Adult male rats were injected intravenously with 10 microg of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) or 10 microg of somatostatin (SRIF). Untreated rats were used as controls, and their pituitary glands were sectioned for histochemical examination. Rab3B is localized on the limiting membrane of the secretory granules and the cytosol. Confocal laser scanning microscopic observation of immunohistochemical double staining of rab3B and GH revealed that immunoreactivity of rab3B increased in GHRH-treated rats and decreased in SRIF-treated rats. Confocal laser scanning microscopic observation of immunohistochemical double staining of SNAP-25, syntaxin, and rab3B revealed the co-localization of rab3B and these SNARE proteins in GHRH-treated rats, and their dissociation in SRIF-treated rats. These results suggest that rab3B plays a principal role in GH secretion in the anterior pituitary cells and that SNAP-25 and syntaxin act as co-workers with rab3B in the functional regulation of GH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University Ichihara Hospital, 3426-3 Anegasaki, Ichihara City, Chiba 299-0111, Japan.
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Abstract
The majority of pituitary adenomas are trophically stable and change relatively little in size over many years. A comparatively small proportion behave more aggressively and come to clinical attention through inappropriate hormone secretion or adverse effects on surrounding structures. True malignant behaviour with metastatic spread is very atypical. Pituitary adenomas that come to surgery are predominantly monoclonal in origin and roughly half are aneuploid, indicating either ongoing genetic instability or transition through a period of genetic instability at some time during their development. Few are associated with the classical mechanisms of tumour formation but it is generally believed that the majority harbour quantitative if not qualitative differences in molecular composition compared to the normal pituitary. Despite their prevalence and the ready availability of biopsy material, at the present time, the precise molecular pathogenesis of the majority of pituitary adenomas remains unclear. This review summarizes current thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Levy
- University Research Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Bristol University, Jenner Yard, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Matsuno A, Itoh J, Takekoshi S, Nagashima T, Osamura RY. Functional and Morphological Analyses of Rab Proteins and the Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) System in the Secretion of Pituitary Hormones. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.36.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University Ichihara Hospital
| | - Johbu Itoh
- Laboratories for Structure and Function Research, Tokai University School of Medicine
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Hasui K, Takatsuka T, Sakamoto R, Su L, Matsushita S, Tsuyama SI, Izumo S, Murata F. Improvement of supersensitive immunohistochemistry with an autostainer: a simplified catalysed signal amplification system. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2002; 34:215-22. [PMID: 12587998 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021785328984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ImmunoMax/catalysed signal amplification (CSA) system is a supersensitive method of paraffin immunohistochemistry. It incorporates antigen retrieval, the streptavidin-biotin complex (sABC) method, and the catalysing reporter deposition/catalysing biotinylated tyramide reaction. Strong, non-specific cytoplasmic reaction in the ImmunoMax/CSA is due to endogenous biotin unmasked in the antigen retrieval step. We examined procedures to diminish this non-specific immunoreaction and improved the ImmunoMax/CSA. Antigen retrieval in a hot water bath yielded a smaller endogenous biotin immunoreaction than antigen unmasking in an autoclave. Post-antigen retrieval fixation in buffered 10% formalin solution suppressed the biotin immunoreaction but masked the target antigen, Ki67. Post-reaction washing with 0.1% Tween 20 in Tris-HCl buffer at 35 degrees C did not diminish the endogenous biotin immunoreaction. Animal serum also did not suppress the non-specific immunoreactivity of biotin and antibodies. Because endogenous biotin is detected by duplicated biotin-streptavidin reactions in the ImmunoMax/CSA, we replaced the sABC step with a labelled polymer secondary antibody (the EnVision system)--a simplified CSA system--because the sensitivity of the EnVision system was the same as that of the sABC method. The non-specific immunoreaction induced by the EnVision system was masked competitively by blocking protein. By using an antibody against Ki67 antigen that can react only with the nucleus, we were able to evaluate the non-specific cytoplasmic immunoreaction induced by the detection system. We believe that the simplified CSA system will open up the field of supersensitive paraffin immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Hasui
- Second Department of Anatomy, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
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Itoh J, Matsuno A, Yamamoto Y, Kawai K, Serizawa A, Watanabe K, Itoh Y, Osamura RY. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Imaging of Subcellular Organelles, mRNA, Protein Products, and the Microvessel Environment. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2001. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.34.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johbu Itoh
- Laboratories for Structure and Function Research, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Akira Matsuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University Ichihara Hospital
| | | | - Kenji Kawai
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Akihiko Serizawa
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yoshiko Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine
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