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Osdaghi E, Martins SJ, Ramos-Sepulveda L, Vieira FR, Pecchia JA, Beyer DM, Bell TH, Yang Y, Hockett KL, Bull CT. 100 Years Since Tolaas: Bacterial Blotch of Mushrooms in the 21 st Century. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:2714-2732. [PMID: 31560599 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-19-0589-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the biotic constraints of common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production, bacterial blotch is considered the most important mushroom disease in terms of global prevalence and economic impact. Etiology and management of bacterial blotch has been a major concern since its original description in 1915. Although Pseudomonas tolaasii is thought to be the main causal agent, various Pseudomonas species, as well as organisms from other genera have been reported to cause blotch symptoms on mushroom caps. In this review, we provide an updated overview on the etiology, epidemiology, and management strategies of bacterial blotch disease. First, diversity of the causal agent(s) and utility of high throughput sequencing-based approaches in the precise characterization and identification of blotch pathogen(s) is explained. Further, due to the limited options for use of conventional pesticides in mushroom farms against blotch pathogen(s), we highlight the role of balanced threshold of relative humidity and temperature in mushroom farms to combat the disease in organic and conventional production. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of the use of biological control agents (either antagonistic mushroom-associated bacterial strains or bacteriophages) for blotch management as one of the sustainable approaches for 21st century agriculture. Finally, we aim to elucidate the association of mushroom microbiome in cap development and productivity on one hand, and blotch incidence/outbreaks on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Samuel J Martins
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Laura Ramos-Sepulveda
- Department of Biology, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Millersville, PA 17551, U.S.A
| | - Fabrício Rocha Vieira
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - John A Pecchia
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - David Meigs Beyer
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Terrence H Bell
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Yinong Yang
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Kevin L Hockett
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Carolee T Bull
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
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Munsch P, Alatossava T. Several pseudomonads, associated with the cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus or Pleurotus sp., are hemolytic. Microbiol Res 2003; 157:311-5. [PMID: 12501995 DOI: 10.1078/0944-5013-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas tolaasii, causing brown blotch disease on cultivated mushrooms, and yielding a white line precipitate towards P. "reactans", has been shown to induce lysis of erythrocytes. Some Finnish strains isolated from diseased mushroom fruit bodies, although harboring the typical features of P. tolaasii, proved to be distinct, and have been allocated to a nov. sp. P. costantinii. We examined in these study whether all brown blotch causing agents were hemolytic. The induction of erythrocytes lysis seemed to be a rather common feature of mushroom associated-pseudomonads, especially for strains involved in the production of a white-line-in agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Munsch
- University of Oulu, Department of Physical Sciences/Biophysics, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
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