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Dai HF, Jiang B, Zhao JS, Li JC, Sun QM. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of Pollen Germination Response to Low-Temperature in Pitaya ( Hylocereus polyrhizus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866588. [PMID: 35646022 PMCID: PMC9134753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cross-pollination can improve the percentage of fruit set and fruit weight for most red flesh varieties in pitaya. The technology of pollen storage was very important for successful cross-pollination. However, till present, the technology of pollen storage is unsatisfactory in pitaya production. In this study, pitaya pollen stored at low temperature was taken as the research object, and its physicochemical indexes, metabolomics, and transcriptomics were studied. The results showed that in vitro pollen germination rate decreased significantly with the increase in storage time. Soluble sugar and soluble protein content of pollen peaked on the first day of storage, whereas its relative conductivity, and manlondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents increased gradually during storage. At the same time, the antioxidant enzyme system of pollen was also affected. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased, while the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) increased and superoxide anion generation rate increased gradually during storage. According to the metabolomics results, amino acid, peptide, nucleotide, plant hormone, terpene, alcohol, phenol, flavonoid, sterol, vitamin, ester, sphingolipid, and ketone contents increased significantly during storage, whereas flavonoid and pigment contents declined gradually. During pollen storage, the gene expressions related to carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, acid and lipid metabolism, sterol metabolism, plant hormone metabolism, and signal transductions were significantly downregulated. With KEGG pathway analysis, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism of pollen were affected significantly during low-temperature storage. Correlation analysis showed that the gene expression patterns of HuRP2, HuUPL1, and HuAAT2 had significant effects on pollen germination. D-arabinose 5-phosphate and myricetin were positively correlated with pollen germination rate, which was valuable for studying preservation agents. In this study, the changes in pollen during low-temperature storage were described from the level of metabolites and genes, which could provide theoretical support for the research and development of pollen long-term storage technology in pitaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-fen Dai
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-sheng Zhao
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology Promotion, Maoming, China
| | - Jun-cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-ming Sun
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Becker B, Doan JM, Wustman B, Carpenter EJ, Chen L, Zhang Y, Wong GKS, Melkonian M. The Origin and Evolution of the Plant Cell Surface: Algal Integrin-Associated Proteins and a New Family of Integrin-Like Cytoskeleton-ECM Linker Proteins. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:1580-9. [PMID: 25977459 PMCID: PMC4494055 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of scaly green flagellates consists of small organic scales consisting of polysaccharides and scale-associated proteins (SAPs). Molecular phylogenies have shown that these organisms represent the ancestral stock of flagellates from which all green plants (Viridiplantae) evolved. The molecular characterization of four different SAPs is presented. Three SAPs are type-2 membrane proteins with an arginine/alanine-rich short cytoplasmic tail and an extracellular domain that is most likely of bacterial origin. The fourth protein is a filamin-like protein. In addition, we report the presence of proteins similar to the integrin-associated proteins α-actinin (in transcriptomes of glaucophytes and some viridiplants), LIM-domain proteins, and integrin-associated kinase in transcriptomes of viridiplants, glaucophytes, and rhodophytes. We propose that the membrane proteins identified are the predicted linkers between scales and the cytoskeleton. These proteins are present in many green algae but are apparently absent from embryophytes. These proteins represent a new protein family we have termed gralins for green algal integrins. Gralins are absent from embryophytes. A model for the evolution of the cell surface proteins in Plantae is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Becker
- Biozentrum Köln, Botanical Institute, Universität zu Köln, Germany
| | - Jean Michel Doan
- Biozentrum Köln, Botanical Institute, Universität zu Köln, Germany
| | - Brandon Wustman
- Biozentrum Köln, Botanical Institute, Universität zu Köln, Germany
| | - Eric J Carpenter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Li Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gane K-S Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ouyang L, Du D, Yu S, Li C, Zhang C, Gao H, Zhou Z. Expressed sequence tags analysis revealing the taxonomic position and fatty acid biosynthesis in an oleaginous green microalga, Myrmecia incisa Reisigl (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bar-Peled M, Urbanowicz BR, O’Neill MA. The Synthesis and Origin of the Pectic Polysaccharide Rhamnogalacturonan II - Insights from Nucleotide Sugar Formation and Diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:92. [PMID: 22639675 PMCID: PMC3355719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence showing that the structurally complex pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) exists in the primary cell wall as a borate cross-linked dimer and that this dimer is required for the assembly of a functional wall and for normal plant growth and development. The results of several studies have also established that RG-II structure and cross-linking is conserved in vascular plants and that RG-II likely appeared early in the evolution of land plants. Two features that distinguish RG-II from other plant polysaccharides are that RG-II is composed of 13 different glycoses linked to each other by up to 22 different glycosidic linkages and that RG-II is the only polysaccharide known to contain both apiose and aceric acid. Thus, one key event in land plant evolution was the emergence of genes encoding nucleotide sugar biosynthetic enzymes that generate the activated forms of apiose and aceric acid required for RG-II synthesis. Many of the genes involved in the generation of the nucleotide sugars used for RG-II synthesis have been functionally characterized. By contrast, only one glycosyltransferase involved in the assembly of RG-II has been identified. Here we provide an overview of the formation of the activated sugars required for RG-II synthesis and point to the possible cellular and metabolic processes that could be involved in assembling and controlling the formation of a borate cross-linked RG-II molecule. We discuss how nucleotide sugar synthesis is compartmentalized and how this may control the flux of precursors to facilitate and regulate the formation of RG-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Bar-Peled
- Department of Plant Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research, The University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA
- *Correspondence: Maor Bar-Peled, Department of Plant Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA. e-mail:
| | | | - Malcolm A. O’Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA
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Zhao R, Cao Y, Xu H, Lv L, Qiao D, Cao Y. ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS FROM THE GREEN ALGA DUNALIELLA SALINA (CHLOROPHYTA)(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:1454-1460. [PMID: 27020369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodor. is a novel model photosynthetic eukaryote for studying photosystems, high salinity acclimation, and carotenoid accumulation. In spite of such significance, there have been limited studies on the Dunaliella genome transcriptome and proteome. To further investigate D. salina, a cDNA library was constructed and sequenced. Here, we present the analysis of the 2,282 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated together with 3,990 ESTs from dbEST. A total of 4,148 unique sequences (UniSeqs) were identified, of which 56.1% had sequence similarity with Uniprot entries, suggesting that a large number of unique genes may be harbored by Dunaliella. Additionally, protein family domains were identified to further characterize these sequences. Then, we also compared EST sequences with different complete eukaryotic genomes from several animals, plants, and fungi. We observed notable differences between D. salina and other organisms. This EST collection and its annotation provided a significant resource for basic and applied research on D. salina and laid the foundation for a systematic analysis of the transcriptome basis of green algae development and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Yu Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Hui Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Linfeng Lv
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Dairong Qiao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
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Wodniok S, Brinkmann H, Glöckner G, Heidel AJ, Philippe H, Melkonian M, Becker B. Origin of land plants: do conjugating green algae hold the key? BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:104. [PMID: 21501468 PMCID: PMC3088898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The terrestrial habitat was colonized by the ancestors of modern land plants about 500 to 470 million years ago. Today it is widely accepted that land plants (embryophytes) evolved from streptophyte algae, also referred to as charophycean algae. The streptophyte algae are a paraphyletic group of green algae, ranging from unicellular flagellates to morphologically complex forms such as the stoneworts (Charales). For a better understanding of the evolution of land plants, it is of prime importance to identify the streptophyte algae that are the sister-group to the embryophytes. The Charales, the Coleochaetales or more recently the Zygnematales have been considered to be the sister group of the embryophytes However, despite many years of phylogenetic studies, this question has not been resolved and remains controversial. Results Here, we use a large data set of nuclear-encoded genes (129 proteins) from 40 green plant taxa (Viridiplantae) including 21 embryophytes and six streptophyte algae, representing all major streptophyte algal lineages, to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of streptophyte algae and embryophytes. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate that either the Zygnematales or a clade consisting of the Zygnematales and the Coleochaetales are the sister group to embryophytes. Conclusions Our analyses support the notion that the Charales are not the closest living relatives of embryophytes. Instead, the Zygnematales or a clade consisting of Zygnematales and Coleochaetales are most likely the sister group of embryophytes. Although this result is in agreement with a previously published phylogenetic study of chloroplast genomes, additional data are needed to confirm this conclusion. A Zygnematales/embryophyte sister group relationship has important implications for early land plant evolution. If substantiated, it should allow us to address important questions regarding the primary adaptations of viridiplants during the conquest of land. Clearly, the biology of the Zygnematales will receive renewed interest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Wodniok
- Biozentrum Köln, Botanik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
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Cipolla L, Gabrielli L, Bini D, Russo L, Shaikh N. Kdo: a critical monosaccharide for bacteria viability. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1618-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c004750n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shi J, Pan K, Yu J, Zhu B, Yang G, Yu W, Zhang X. ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS FROM THE MARINE MICROALGA NANNOCHLOROPSIS OCULATA (EUSTIGMATOPHYCEAE)(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2008; 44:99-102. [PMID: 27041046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) D. J. Hibberd (Eustigmatophyceae), a marine eukaryotic unicellular alga, is widely used in mariculture as live feed. It is considered to be of high nutritional value owing to its high content of proteins; polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3); and diverse pigments. Previous studies of this microalga focused on its taxonomy, culture, and biochemistry, but little is known at the molecular level. Establishing a molecular base is vital to understand the biological processes of this alga. Therefore, we constructed a cDNA library using algal cells grown at exponential growth phase and carried out expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. A total of 1,960 nonredundant sequences (NRSs) were generated for N. oculata clone CS-179. Only 32.5% of NRSs showed significant similarity (E < 1e-04) to proteins registered in the GenBank nonredundant protein database. The KOG (clusters of euKaryotic Orthologous Groups) profile database returned significant hits for 490 NRSs. Analysis revealed that a large proportion of NRSs could be unique to this microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaCollege of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kehou Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaCollege of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaCollege of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Baohua Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaCollege of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanpin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaCollege of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaCollege of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaCollege of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Shpakov AO, Pertseva MN. Chapter 4 Signaling Systems of Lower Eukaryotes and Their Evolution. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 269:151-282. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:65. [PMID: 17442103 PMCID: PMC1868727 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Viridiplantae (green algae and land plants) consist of two monophyletic lineages: the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta. Most green algae belong to the Chlorophyta, while the Streptophyta include all land plants and a small group of freshwater algae known as Charophyceae. Eukaryotes attach a poly-A tail to the 3' ends of most nuclear-encoded mRNAs. In embryophytes, animals and fungi, the signal for polyadenylation contains an A-rich sequence (often AAUAAA or related sequence) 13 to 30 nucleotides upstream from the cleavage site, which is commonly referred to as the near upstream element (NUE). However, it has been reported that the pentanucleotide UGUAA is used as polyadenylation signal for some genes in volvocalean algae. Results We set out to investigate polyadenylation signal differences between streptophytes and chlorophytes that may have emerged shortly after the evolutionary split between Streptophyta and Chlorophyta. We therefore analyzed expressed genes (ESTs) from three streptophyte algae, Mesostigma viride, Klebsormidium subtile and Coleochaete scutata, and from two early-branching chlorophytes, Pyramimonas parkeae and Scherffelia dubia. In addition, to extend the database, our analyses included ESTs from six other chlorophytes (Acetabularia acetabulum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Helicosporidium sp. ex Simulium jonesii, Prototheca wickerhamii, Scenedesmus obliquus and Ulva linza) and one streptophyte (Closterium peracerosum). Our results indicate that polyadenylation signals in green algae vary widely. The UGUAA motif is confined to late-branching Chlorophyta. Most streptophyte algae do not have an A-rich sequence motif like that in embryophytes, animals and fungi. We observed polyadenylation signals similar to those of Arabidopsis and other land plants only in Mesostigma. Conclusion Polyadenylation signals in green algae show considerable variation. A new NUE (UGUAA) was invented in derived chlorophytes and replaced not only the A-rich NUE but the complete poly(A) signal in all chlorophytes investigated except Scherffelia (only NUE replaced) and Pyramimonas (UGUAA completely missing). The UGUAA element is completely absent from streptophytes. However, the structure of the poly(A) signal was often modified in streptophyte algae. In most species investigated, an A-rich NUE is missing; instead, these species seem to rely mainly on U-rich elements.
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O'Neill MA, Ishii T, Albersheim P, Darvill AG. Rhamnogalacturonan II: structure and function of a borate cross-linked cell wall pectic polysaccharide. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2004; 55:109-39. [PMID: 15377216 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) is a structurally complex pectic polysaccharide that was first identified in 1978 as a quantitatively minor component of suspension-cultured sycamore cell walls. Subsequent studies have shown that RG-II is present in the primary walls of angiosperms, gymnosperms, lycophytes, and pteridophytes and that its glycosyl sequence is conserved in all vascular plants examined to date. This is remarkable because RG-II is composed of at least 12 different glycosyl residues linked together by more than 20 different glycosidic linkages. However, only a few of the genes and proteins required for RG-II biosynthesis have been identified. The demonstration that RG-II exists in primary walls as a dimer that is covalently cross-linked by a borate diester was a major advance in our understanding of the structure and function of this pectic polysaccharide. Dimer formation results in the cross-linking of the two homogalacturonan chains upon which the RG-II molecules are constructed and is required for the formation of a three-dimensional pectic network in muro. This network contributes to the mechanical properties of the primary wall and is required for normal plant growth and development. Indeed, changes in wall properties that result from decreased borate cross-linking of pectin may lead to many of the symptoms associated with boron deficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm A O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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CHEN TAO, REITH MICHAELE, ROSS NEILW, MACRAE THOMASH. Expressed sequence tag (EST)-based characterization of gene regulation inArtemialarvae. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2003.9652551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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