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He Y, Wei W, Wang M, Wang H, Jia J, Gong Y, Hu Q. Systematic study of microzooplankton in mass culture of the green microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus and quantitative assessment of its impact on biomass productivity throughout a year. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131149. [PMID: 39053600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The green microalgae Scenedesmus spp. can grow rapidly and produce significant amounts of protein or lipid. However, frequent microzooplankton contamination leading to reduced biomass productivity has hindered the microalgae commercialization. Here, a comprehensive investigation into harmful microzooplankton species in mass cultures of a commercially promising species Scenedesmus acuminatus were conducted throughout the year. Twenty-five microzooplankton species were identified, with the amoeba Vannella sp. and the ciliate Vorticella convallaria being the most harmful to algal cells. The results indicated that it was the harmful grazers, rather than the overall microzooplankton diversity, led to culture deterioration and reduced biomass yield. Increasing the concentration of algal inoculants or reducing culture temperature during hot summer days were found to be effective in mitigating the impact of these harmful grazers. The findings will contribute to the best management protocol for monitoring and controlling the harmful microzooplankton in mass cultures of S. acuminatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; SDIC Biotech Corporation, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Jia
- SDIC Biotech Corporation, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yingchun Gong
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; SDIC Biotech Corporation, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; School of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Marzouk AM, Mashaly MI, Reda ES, El-Naggar MM. The record of Vannella species (Vannellidae, Discosea, Amoebozoa) from freshwater sources in Dakahlyia Governorate, Egypt. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:113. [PMID: 38376635 PMCID: PMC10879259 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The River Nile is the main source of fresh water in Egypt, where its water is used for irrigation, drinking, fisheries, industrial uses, and recreation. For sustainable utilization of the River Nile and its branches in the Nile Delta region, it is necessary to monitor regular investigation for the biodiversity of protozoan fauna in the Damietta branch and other freshwater canals in Dakahlyia Governorate. Water samples were collected monthly from different water sources, for 1 year, and examined for protozoans, using phase-contrast microscopy and recorded video films, The genus Vannella Bovee 1965 is recorded for the first time in four freshwater localities: Demietta branch of the River Nile, Mansouria Canal, Bouhia Canal, and Bahr El-Saghir Canal. A detailed morphological description with a brief report of their locomotion has been given for four morphologically different Vannella species. The locomotive form of Vannella sp.1 has a long pointed posterior tail and 2 lateral posterior processes. Such a tail was absent in other Vannella species. Vannella sp.2 is unique among other recorded species, where its locomotive form possesses a long posterior rounded tail region and a frontal hyaloplasm provided with a wavy surface that forms several lobes and finger-like processes during locomotion. In addition, the hyaloplasm produces several transverse waves that vary in thickness and density. The floating form of Vannella sp.2 is of a radial type and has comparatively long hyaline pointed and spiral pseudopodia. The process of transformation of locomotive form to floating form in Vannella sp.2 has been followed up using several recorded video films. The locomotive form of Vannella sp.3 is bear-shaped, while that of Vannella sp.4 has variable shapes from semicircular to rectangular and sometimes fan-shaped. During movement in vivo, locomotive cells of all Vannella species, except Vannella sp.1, move in nearly a straight line, but there were variations in their rate of locomotion. Vannella sp.4 recorded the highest rate (6.8 µm/s), followed by Vannella sp.2 (4.5 µm/s), Vannella sp.3 (2.4 µm/s), and finally Vannella sp.1 (1.0 µm/s). Molecular studies and transmission electron microscope examinations are still needed to confirm the precise identity of each Vannella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Marzouk
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Mashaly
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Enayat S Reda
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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Yuan D, Liu J, Wang H, Hu Q, Gong Y. Biodiversity and seasonal variation of microzooplankton contaminating pilot-scale cultures of Chlorella sorokiniana. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Câmara PEAS, Convey P, Rangel SB, Konrath M, Barreto CC, Pinto OHB, Silva MC, Henriques DK, de Oliveira HC, Rosa LH. The largest moss carpet transplant in Antarctica and its bryosphere cryptic biodiversity. Extremophiles 2021; 25:369-384. [PMID: 34117569 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-021-01235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As part of the reconstruction of the Brazilian Antarctic Station on King George Island, three areas of moss carpet were transplanted to minimize the impact of the new facilities on the local biodiversity. A total of 650 m2 of moss carpet was transplanted to neighboring but previously uncolonized locations and has subsequently survived for the last 3 years. Antarctic moss carpets typically comprise low moss species diversity and are often monospecific. We investigated the cryptic biodiversity that was transplanted along with the carpets using a metabarcoding approach through high throughput sequencing. We targeted 16S rRNA for Bacteria and Archaea, ITS for Fungi and Viridiplantae and Cox1 for Metazoa. We detected DNA representing 263 taxa from five Kingdoms (Chromista, Fungi, Metazoa, Protista and Viridiplantae), two Domains (Archaea and Bacteria) and 33 Phyla associated with the carpet. This diversity included one Archaea, 189 Bacteria, 24 Chromista, 19 Fungi, eight Metazoa, seven Protista and 16 Viridiplantae. Bacteria was the most abundant, rich and diverse group, with Chromista second in diversity and richness. Metazoa was less diverse but second highest in dominance. This is the first study to attempt transplanting a significant area of moss carpet to minimize anthropogenic environmental damage in Antarctica and to use metabarcoding as a proxy to assess diversity associated with Antarctic moss carpets, further highlighting the importance of such habitats for other organisms and their importance for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandro B Rangel
- Instituto Brasileiro Do Meio Ambiente, IBAMA, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Konrath
- China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation, CEIEC, Beijing, China
| | | | - Otavio H B Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Mesentsev Y, Bondarenko N, Nassonova E, Smirnov A. Vannella primoblina n. sp. - an unusual species of the genus Vannella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Vannellida) with pronounced dorsal ridges and folds. Eur J Protistol 2020; 77:125757. [PMID: 33307358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amoebae of the order Vannellida (Amoebozoa, Discosea) have a fairly recognizable spatulate, fan-shaped or semi-circular outlines and a wide area of frontal hyaloplasm. They can be easily distinguished from the other groups of lobose amoebae even by light microscopy. The dorsal side of these amoebae is usually smooth and rarely bears ridges or folds, which are never numerous or regular. We have isolated an unusual species of vannellid amoebae, called Vannella primoblina n. sp. from a terrestrial substrate. It has well-developed dorsal relief consisting of regularly appearing folds and ridges. This amoeba superficially resembles members of the genus Thecamoeba. However, molecular analysis showed that this strain belongs to the genus Vannella. This finding indicates that dorsal folds may also be a characteristic of some species of vannellid amoebae and probably are a functional detail of the cell morphology rather than an apomorphy of Thecamoebida lineage. Overall outlines of the cell and the presence of the expanded frontal hyaline area remains the most reliable characters used to differentiate vannellid amoebae from other gymnamoebae lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mesentsev
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - N Bondarenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Nassonova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Smirnov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kudryavtsev A, Volkova E, Plotnikov A. Vannella samoroda n. sp. (Amoebozoa) — First member of the genus from a continental saline habitat placed in a molecular tree. Eur J Protistol 2019; 71:125634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Vannella simplex (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Vannellida). Eur J Protistol 2018; 63:83-95. [PMID: 29502046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vannella simplex (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Vannellida) is one of the commonest freshwater free-living lobose amoebae, known from many locations worldwide. In the present study, we describe the complete mitochondrial genome of this species. The circular mitochondrial DNA of V. simplex has 34,145öbp in length and contains 27 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 16 transfer RNAs and 4 open reading frames. Mitochondiral genome of V. simplex is one of the most gene compact due to overlapping genes and reduced intergenic space. It has much in common with its closest relative, mitochondrial genome of V. croatica GenBank number MF508648. In the same time, both of them show considerable differences in length and in gene order from the next close relative - that of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis KX611830 (deposited as Paramoeba) and even more - from other sequenced amoebozoan mitochondrial genomes. The present study confirms the opinion that the level of synteny between the mitochondrial genomes across the entire Amoebozoa clade is low. More or less considerable similarity yet was found only between members of the same clade of the genera or family level, but hardly - among more distant lineages.
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8
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Maciver SK, De Obeso Fernandez Del Valle A, Koutsogiannis Z. Vannella pentlandii n. sp., (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Vannellida) a small, cyst-forming soil amoeba. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:109-116. [PMID: 28778744 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new species of cyst-producing soil amoeba Vannella pentlandii from course pasture in the Pentland Hills, Scotland. Analysis of the 18S rDNA gene reveals that it belongs to the sub-group within the genus, presently composed of V. placida, V. epipetala and V. fimicola (the PEF group). This group share features such as longitudinal folds/ridges on the lamella (the anterior hyaline region of the trophozoite), stubby floating forms and cyst production. While each PEF species contain cyst producing strains, not all strains within these species do so. V. fimicola produces cysts on stalks leading to its former classification as a slime mould, however no such stalks were evident in the V. pentlandii, instead groups of cysts become piled on top of each other forming clumps. The encysting amoebae crawl toward each other, pushing some off the surface to form these mounds. The V. pentlandii trophozoites are of typical size for the genus but the cysts at 6.9 μm in diameter, are the smallest so far described in genus Vannella. Other cyst producing species are found in various branches within the Vannella phylogenetic tree, probably meaning that this ability was ancestral but lost in many branches (particularly in marine species), and perhaps re-gained in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutherland K Maciver
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK.
| | - Alvaro De Obeso Fernandez Del Valle
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK
| | - Zisis Koutsogiannis
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK
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9
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Phylogeny and Systematics of Leptomyxid Amoebae (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea, Leptomyxida). Protist 2017; 168:220-252. [PMID: 28343121 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe four new species of Flabellula, Leptomyxa and Rhizamoeba and publish new SSU rRNA gene and actin gene sequences of leptomyxids. Using these data we provide the most comprehensive SSU phylogeny of leptomyxids to date. Based on the analyses of morphological data and results of the SSU rRNA gene phylogeny we suggest changes in the systematics of the order Leptomyxida (Amoebozoa: Lobosa: Tubulinea). We propose to merge the genera Flabellula and Paraflabellula (the genus Flabellula remains valid by priority rule). The genus Rhizamoeba is evidently polyphyletic in all phylogenetic trees; we suggest retaining the generic name Rhizamoeba for the group unifying R. saxonica, R.matisi n. sp. and R. polyura, the latter remains the type species of the genus Rhizamoeba. Based on molecular and morphological evidence we move all remaining Rhizamoeba species to the genus Leptomyxa. New family Rhizamoebidae is established here in order to avoid paraphyly of the family Leptomyxidae. With the suggested changes both molecular and morphological systems of the order Leptomyxida are now fully congruent to each other.
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10
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Hess S. Description of Hyalodiscus flabellus sp. nov. (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria) and Identification of its Bacterial Endosymbiont, “Candidatus Megaira polyxenophila” (Rickettsiales, Alphaproteobacteria). Protist 2017; 168:109-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chavatte N, Lambrecht E, Van Damme I, Sabbe K, Houf K. Free-living protozoa in the gastrointestinal tract and feces of pigs: Exploration of an unknown world and towards a protocol for the recovery of free-living protozoa. Vet Parasitol 2016; 225:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Chavatte N, Lambrecht E, Van Damme I, Sabbe K, Houf K. Abundance, diversity and community composition of free-living protozoa on vegetable sprouts. Food Microbiol 2015; 55:55-63. [PMID: 26742616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Interactions with free-living protozoa (FLP) have been implicated in the persistence of pathogenic bacteria on food products. In order to assess the potential involvement of FLP in this contamination, detailed knowledge on their occurrence, abundance and diversity on food products is required. In the present study, enrichment and cultivation methods were used to inventory and quantify FLP on eight types of commercial vegetable sprouts (alfalfa, beetroot, cress, green pea, leek, mung bean, red cabbage and rosabi). In parallel, total aerobic bacteria and Escherichia coli counts were performed. The vegetable sprouts harbored diverse communities of FLP, with Tetrahymena (ciliate), Bodo saltans and cercomonads (flagellates), and Acanthamoeba and Vannella (amoebae) as the dominant taxa. Protozoan community composition and abundance significantly differed between the sprout types. Beetroot harbored the most abundant and diverse FLP communities, with many unique species such as Korotnevella sp., Vannella sp., Chilodonella sp., Podophrya sp. and Sphaerophrya sp. In contrast, mung bean sprouts were species-poor and had low FLP numbers. Sampling month and company had no significant influence, suggesting that seasonal and local factors are of minor importance. Likewise, no significant relationship between protozoan community composition and bacterial load was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chavatte
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - E Lambrecht
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - I Van Damme
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - K Sabbe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - K Houf
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Udalov IA. Cyst-forming amoebae of the genus Korotnevella (Amoebozoa: Dactylopodida), with description of two new species. Eur J Protistol 2015; 51:480-93. [PMID: 26469546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus KorotnevellaGoodkov, 1988 (Amoebozoa: Dactylopodida) comprises amoebae with a complex cell coat that include a layer of scales covering the entire cell surface. Until now no Korotnevella species were known to form cysts. Here we describe two new species of genus Korotnevella and provide a light- and electron-microscopic report of encystment in three species (K. stella (Schaeffer, 1926) Goodkov, 1988, K. limbata n. sp. and K. heteracantha n. sp.) of this genus. Korotnevella limbata has two peculiar wide rims along the upper margin of basket scales forming two short spines at their junctions. The basket scales of K. heteracantha are very similar to those of K. bulla, but have a different spine length and a closed latticework basket with polygonal elements. All three studied species have similar cyst wall consisting of three layers. The outer layer contains scales of trophic stage; the middle one includes so called "cyst scales" with meshwork walls; and the inner one is composed of fibrillar material. Cyst structure of this sort appears to be unique for lobose amoebae and probably represents an autapomorphy for genus Korotnevella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Udalov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Dermamoeba algensis n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Dermamoebidae) – An algivorous lobose amoeba with complex cell coat and unusual feeding mode. Eur J Protistol 2011; 47:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Nassonova E, Smirnov A, Fahrni J, Pawlowski J. Barcoding Amoebae: Comparison of SSU, ITS and COI Genes as Tools for Molecular Identification of Naked Lobose Amoebae. Protist 2010; 161:102-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Smirnov AV, Nassonova ES, Chao E, Cavalier-Smith T. Phylogeny, evolution, and taxonomy of vannellid amoebae. Protist 2007; 158:295-324. [PMID: 17602867 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We sequenced 18S rRNA genes from 21 vannellid amoebae (Amoebozoa; Vannellidae), including nearly all available type cultures, and performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for 57 Vannellidae sequences. The results show that species of Vannella and Platyamoeba are completely mixed and do not form distinct clades. Several very closely related species pairs exist, each with a Vannella and a Platyamoeba species differing in only a few nucleotides. Therefore, presence (Vannella) or absence (Platyamoeba) of glycostyles in the cell surface coat is an invalid generic distinction; the genera must be merged. As Vannella has priority, we formally transferred Platyamoeba species into Vannella, except for the non-vannellid P. stenopodia, here renamed Stenamoeba stenopodia gen. n. comb. n. and transferred to the family Thecamoebidae. Our trees show that Vannella glycostyles were probably easily and repeatedly evolutionarily lost. We have established a new genus Ripella, with distinct morphology and sequence signatures for Vannella platypodia and morphologically similar species that form a clearly separate clade, very distant from other Vannellidae. Vannellids form four well-separated single-genus clades: Vannella sensu stricto, Ripella, Clydonella, and Lingulamoeba. Species of the revised genus Vannella comprise four closely related, well-supported subclades: one marine and three freshwater. Here, we provide an illustrated checklist for all 40 known Vannellidae species.
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MESH Headings
- Amoeba/classification
- Amoeba/cytology
- Amoeba/genetics
- Amoeba/ultrastructure
- Animals
- DNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genes, rRNA
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Phase-Contrast
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Organelles/ultrastructure
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Protozoan/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Smirnov
- Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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17
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Smirnov AV. Cryptic freshwater amoeba species in the bottom sediments of Nivå Bay (Øresund, Baltic Sea). Eur J Protistol 2007; 43:87-94. [PMID: 17317121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An aquarium containing a portion of freshly collected brackish-water sediment from Nivå Bay (Øresund, Baltic Sea) was sampled to determine the species of amoebae present and refilled with inorganic salt medium to achieve freshwater salinity. After 2 months incubation, the diversity of amoebae was again studied, and the salinity was restored to the original level. The aquarium was incubated for a further 2 months and the amoeba fauna was studied for the last time. A number of freshwater species appeared in the sample after the first salinity shift, while some marine species disappeared. Most marine species did not re-appear after the salinity in the aquarium was restored, but one marine species not noted previously was recorded. The experiment illustrates the presence of 'cryptic diversity' of amoebae in natural habitats and demonstrates that laboratory manipulation of the salinity of a sample prior to inoculation may achieve an increased recovery of species from a brackish-water habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Smirnov
- Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark.
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Amaral-Zettler LA, Cole J, Laatsch AD, Nerad TA, Anderson OR, Reysenbach AL. Vannella epipetala n. sp. Isolated from the Leaf Surface of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) Growing in the Dry Forest of Costa Rica. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2006; 53:522-30. [PMID: 17123417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As part of a Microbial Observatory of Caterpillars located in the Area de Conservacíon Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica, we isolated a novel species of the genus Vannella associated with the food of the caterpillars of the saturniid moth Rothschildia lebeau, namely the leaves of the dry forest deciduous tree Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae). The new species can be distinguished from other described species of the genus by the presence of a plasmalemma coated with a thickened, osmiophilic lamina containing glycostyles, and by its unusual habitat, the leaf surfaces or phylosphere of S. mombin. We further established the novelty of our isolate by sequencing its nuclear small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and inferring its phylogenetic position among all other currently sequenced members of the genera Vannella and Platyamoeba. Our results reveal that our isolate shares most recent common ancestry with three strains of Platyamoeba placida, the type species of the genus Platyamoeba. Despite this placement, the isolate clearly possesses glycostyles that are the hallmark of the genus Vannella. In addition to the cultured isolate, we also present a closely related sequence from a SSU rRNA gene clone library constructed from a DNA extract of leaf-wash of S. mombin with sterile water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Amaral-Zettler
- The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.
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Garstecki T, Brown S, De Jonckheere JF. Description of Vahlkampfia signyensis n. sp. (Heterolobosea), based on morphological, ultrastructural and molecular characteristics. Eur J Protistol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Smirnov A, Goodkov A. Ultrastructure and geographic distribution of the genus Paradermamoeba (Gymnamoebia, Thecamoebidae). Eur J Protistol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2003.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Holzmann M, Habura A, Giles H, Bowser SS, Pawlowski J. Freshwater foraminiferans revealed by analysis of environmental DNA samples. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2003; 50:135-9. [PMID: 12744527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sediment-dwelling protists are among the most abundant meiobenthic organisms, ubiquitous in all types of aquatic ecosystems. Yet, because their isolation and identification are difficult, their diversity remains largely unknown. In the present work, we applied molecular methods to examine the diversity of freshwater Foraminifera, a group of granuloreticulosan protists largely neglected until now. By using specific PCR primers, we detected the presence of Foraminifera in all sediment samples examined. Phylogenetic analysis of amplified SSU rDNA sequences revealed two distinct groups of freshwater foraminiferans. All obtained sequences branched within monothalamous (single-chambered), marine Foraminifera, suggesting a repeated colonization of freshwater environments. The results of our study challenge the traditional view of Foraminifera as essentially marine organisms, and provide a conceptual framework for charting the molecular diversity of freshwater granuloreticulosan protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Holzmann
- Département de Zoologie et Biologie Animale, Université de Genève, 154, route de Malagnou, 1224 Chêne-Bougeries, Switzerland
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