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Zeng H, Dong B, Wang N, Xu W, Guo L, Liu J, Fang B, Zhang L, Wang Q, Yang W, Wang M. The effects of metals and mixture exposure on lung function and the potential mediating effects of oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2263-2275. [PMID: 35925433 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to metals is associated with lung function decline. However, limited data are available about effects of co-exposure of metals on lung function. Additionally, the mechanism of the association between metals and lung function remains unclear. We conducted a longitudinal panel study in 2017-2018 among 45 healthy college students. Urinary 15 metals, lung function, biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation of participants were measured. Linear mixed effect (LME) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were applied to explore the associations of urinary metals and mixture with lung function. Furthermore, we analyzed the mediating effect of biomarkers in the association between urinary metals and lung function. LME models showed the negative associations of aluminum (Al), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) or antimony (Sb) with Forced vital capacity (FVC), and V, Co, Ni, and Sb with Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). BKMR models indicated the overall effect of metals mixture was negatively associated with FEV1 and FVC; urinary Sb was identified as the major contributor to decreased FVC and FEV1. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine mediated the association of Al, Mn, or Sb with FVC and the relationship of V with FEV1. The results revealed the longitudinal dose-response relationships of urinary metals with pulmonary function among healthy adults. Oxidative stress may be the underlying mechanisms of metals exposure associated with decreased lung function. Due to the small sample size, the interpretation of the results of this study should be cautious, and more studies are needed to verify the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- Affiliated Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, 115 Ximen street, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Bohua Dong
- Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Wenzhe Xu
- Tangshan Environmental Monitoring Center, No.54, Jianshe North Road, Lubei, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Linan Guo
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Affiliated Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, 115 Ximen street, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Manman Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
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Liu M, Li M, Guo W, Zhao L, Yang H, Yu J, Liu L, Fang Q, Lai X, Yang L, Zhu K, Dai W, Mei W, Zhang X. Co-exposure to priority-controlled metals mixture and blood pressure in Chinese children from two panel studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119388. [PMID: 35526645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metals may affect adversely cardiovascular system, but epidemiological evidence on the associations of priority-controlled metals including antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium, lead, and thallium with children's blood pressure (BP) was scarce and inconsistent. We conducted two panel studies with 3 surveys across 3 seasons among 144 and 142 children aged 4-12 years in Guangzhou and Weinan, respectively. During each seasonal survey, urine samples were collected for 4 consecutive days and BP was measured on the 4th day. We obtained 786 BP values and urinary metals measurements at least once within 4 days, while 773, 596, 612, and 754 urinary metals measurements were effective on the health examination day (Lag 0), and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day preceding BP measurement (Lag 1, lag 2 and lag 3), respectively. We used linear mixed-effect models, generalized estimating equations and multiple informant models to assess the associations of individual metal at each lag day and accumulated lag day (4 days averaged, lag 0-3) with BP and hypertension, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to evaluate the relations of metals mixture at lag 0-3 and BP outcomes. We found Sb was positively and consistently related to systolic BP (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and odds of having hypertension within 4 days, which were the strongest at lag 0 and declined over time. And such relationships at lag 0-3 showed in a dose-response manner. Meanwhile, Sb was the only contributor to the relations of mixture with SBP, MAP, and odds of having hypertension. Also, synergistic interaction between Sb and As was significant. In addition, modification effect of passive smoking status on the association of Sb and SBP was more evident in passive smokers. Accordingly, urinary Sb was consistently and dose-responsively associated with increased BP and hypertension, of which Sb was the major contributor among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Huihua Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Medical affairs, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liangle Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kejing Zhu
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wencan Dai
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Mei
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Li L, Sun F, Liu Q, Zhao X, Song K. Development of regional water quality criteria of lead for protecting aquatic organism in Taihu Lake, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112479. [PMID: 34224968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a widely distributed priority controlled heavy metals in aquatic system, its toxicity to aquatic organisms affected by water quality parameters. This study investigated the acute toxicity of lead (Pb) to the aquatic organisms in Taihu Lake under various water hardness, corresponding regional water quality criteria were derived. The acute toxicity experimental results revealed that the toxicity of Pb to aquatic organisms increased with water hardness. The Pb toxicity has a highest toxicity at water hardness 50 mg/L (expressed as CaCO3), especially for Palaemon modestus where the 96 h LC50 value was 0.024 mg/L. The hazardous concentration for 5% of biological species (HC5) values were determined via species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method as 94.0 μg/L, 222.3 μg/L and 375.8 μg/L for Pb at water hardness 50, 150, and 250 mg/L, respectively. The assessment factor (AF) value was set at 2, followed by the current SSD framework where European commission recommend a fixed AF of 5-1. Thus, the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) values was 47.0 μg/L, 111.2 μg/Land 187.9 μg/L at water hardness 50, 150, and 250 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the short-term water quality criteria of Pb for Taihu lake aquatic organisms were derived as 111.2 μg/L at water hardness 150 mg CaCO3/L. The long-term water quality criteria were derived as 4.3 μg/L by using acute/chronic ratio 51.29. When the derived value was used for Taihu Lake, 2.7% of the sampling sites in Taihu Lake was exceeded this criterion. The results of this study can provide technical methods and basic information for deriving Pb regional water quality criteria for protecting native aquatic organisms, in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Shi L, Wang N, Hu X, Yin D, Wu C, Liang H, Cao W, Cao H. Acute toxic effects of lead (Pb 2+) exposure to rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) revealed by histopathological examination and transcriptome analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:103385. [PMID: 32361275 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal that can cause significant damage to the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, acute toxicity test of lead in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was conducted. The average LC50 for 96 h of Pb2+ is 423.01 μg/L (95 % CI: 338.41-531.92 μg/L). The order of bioaccumulation of Pb2+ was gills > kidney > intestine > liver > muscle > brain. A number of cellular and tissue alterations were observed in the gill, liver, kidney and intestine tissues of Pb2+-treated rare minnows through the histological examination performed by H&E and TEM analyses. Furthermore, we investigated the Pb2+-induced toxicity mechanisms in rare minnow based on transcriptome analyses, and a panel of immune-related genes were identified and evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. In summary, our work indicates that rare minnow could be a valuable model for studying the mechanisms of lead acute toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nenghan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dacong Yin
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenxuan Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Qu M, Ding J, Wang Y, Chen S, Zhang Y, Di Y. Genetic impacts induced by BaP and Pb in Mytilus coruscus: Can RAPD be a validated tool in genotoxicity evaluation both in vivo and in vitro? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:529-538. [PMID: 30476815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) and lead (Pb) are common pollutants discharged greatly in ocean and causing detrimental impacts on marine organisms. Although mussels are one of the most prominent and frequently studied biological models, the research on their genomic alterations induced by the mixture of two totally different chemicals, is still rare. In present study, local marine mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed in vivo to BaP (53.74 ± 19.79 μg/L), Pb (2.58 ± 0.11 mg/L) and their mixture for 6 days. The genotoxic damages were assessed by comet assay, micronucleus (MNi) test, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Significantly increased though transitory genomic damage was investigated after the exposure and showed consistency using various detecting methods. Additive genotoxicity was only found after 3 days combined exposure by means of MNi test, suggesting that BaP and Pb may play with alternative biological targets during metabolism and/or interaction with the genome. The geno-stability and the recovery capability were further detected both in vivo and in vitro after challenged by BaP. RAPD results showed coherence in BaP induced genotoxicity, together with time-specific alterations. The genomic instability was found to recover in both in vivo and in vitro exposure scenarios in present study. To our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the genotoxicitiy induced by BaP, Pb and their mixture by multiple detecting techniques. The attempt to utilize model pollutants and marine organism to validate the potential value of RAPD analysis highlighted that it might be a useful tool in the research of genotoxicology, especially on the effect-mechanism interplay at genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qu
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yanan Di
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China.
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Meng J, Wang WX, Li L, Zhang G. Tissue-specific molecular and cellular toxicity of Pb in the oyster (Crassostrea gigas): mRNA expression and physiological studies. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 198:257-268. [PMID: 29562214 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the ubiquitous and toxic elements in aquatic environment. In oysters, gills and digestive glands are the main target organs for Pb-induced toxicity, but there is limited information on the molecular mechanisms underlying its toxicity. The present study investigated the Pb-induced toxicity mechanisms in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) based on transcriptome, phenotypic anchoring, and validation of targeted gene expression. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed the differential Pb toxicity mechanisms in the tissues. In the gills, Pb disturbed the protein metabolism, with the most significant enrichment of the "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum" pathway. The main mechanism comprised of a Pb-stimulated calcium (Ca2+) increase by the up-regulation of transporter-Ca-ATPase expression. The disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis then further induced high expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones, leading to ER stress in the oysters. Unfolded proteins induced ER associated degradation (ERAD), thereby preventing the accumulation of folding-incompetent glycoproteins. However, Pb mainly induced oxidative reduction reactions in the digestive gland with high accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and high expression of antioxidant enzymes. Further, Pb induced fatty acid β-oxidation and CYP450 catalyzed ω-oxidation due to increased metabolic expenditure for detoxification. The increased content of arachidonic acid indicated that Pb exposure might alter unsaturated fatty acid composition and disturb cellular membrane functions. Taken together, our results provided a new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying Pb toxicity in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Marine Environmental Laboratory, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
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Mielke HW, Gonzales CR, Powell ET, Mielke PW. Spatiotemporal exposome dynamics of soil lead and children's blood lead pre- and ten years post-Hurricane Katrina: Lead and other metals on public and private properties in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:208-218. [PMID: 28231548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic re-distribution of lead (Pb) principally through its use in gasoline additives and lead-based paints have transformed the urban exposome. This unique study tracks urban-scale soil Pb (SPb) and blood Pb (BPb) responses of children living in public and private communities in New Orleans before and ten years after Hurricane Katrina (29 August 2005). OBJECTIVES To compare and evaluate associations of pre- and ten years post-Katrina SPb and children's BPb on public and private residential census tracts in the core and outer areas of New Orleans, and to examine correlations between SPb and nine other soil metals. METHODS The Louisiana Healthy Housing and Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program BPb (µg/dL) data from pre- (2000-2005) and post-Katrina (2010-2015) for ≤6-year-old children. Data from public and adjacent private residential census tracts within core and outer areas are stratified from a database that includes 916 and 922 SPb and 13,379 and 4830 BPb results, respectively, from pre- and post-Katrina New Orleans. Statistical analyses utilize Multi-Response Permutation Procedure and Spearman's Rho Correlation. RESULTS Pre- to Post-Katrina median SPb decreases in public and private core census tracts were from 285 to 55mg/kg and 710-291mg/kg, respectively. In public and private outer census tracts the median SPb decreased from 109 to 56mg/kg and 88-55mg/kg. Children's BPb percent ≥5µg/dL on public and private core areas pre-Katrina was 63.2% and 67.5%, and declined post-Katrina to 7.6% and 20.2%, respectively. BPb decreases also occurred in outer areas. Soil Pb is strongly correlated with other metals. CONCLUSIONS Post-Katrina re-building of public housing plus landscaping amends the exposome and reduces children's BPb. Most importantly, Hurricane Katrina revealed that decreasing the toxicants in the soil exposome is an effective intervention for decreasing children's BPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard W Mielke
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL 8683, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Christopher R Gonzales
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL 8683, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eric T Powell
- Lead Lab, Inc., Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL 8683, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Paul W Mielke
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1877 USA
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Au WW, Falk H. Superfund research program--accomplishments and future opportunities. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2002; 205:165-8. [PMID: 12018012 DOI: 10.1078/1438-4639-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This special issue of the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health provides extensive background on the Superfund programs, findings of specific research studies and future directions. Three federal agencies are leading the effort in this program. They are the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. As a result of their collaboration, a comprehensive program has been developed that ranges from basic to applied research with the aim of improving public health services and protection. This paper highlights the research within areas of toxicological investigation, exposure assessment, risk evaluation and engaging communities. Each of the agencies has developed strategies and initiatives to enhance the effectiveness of the Superfund research program. The continuation of research will contribute significantly towards achieving the Healthy People 2010 goals that have been set for the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Au
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Ewing Hall-700 Harborside Drive, Galveston, TX 77555-1110, USA.
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