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Etougbétché JR, Hamidović A, Dossou HJ, Coan-Grosso M, Roques R, Plault N, Houéménou G, Badou S, Missihoun AA, Abdou Karim IY, Galal L, Diagne C, Dardé ML, Dobigny G, Mercier A. Molecular prevalence, genetic characterization and patterns of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic small mammals from Cotonou, Benin. Parasite 2022; 29:58. [PMID: 36562439 PMCID: PMC9879161 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in humans and animals, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Small mammals play a key role as intermediate reservoir hosts in the maintenance of the T. gondii life cycle. In this study, we estimated the molecular prevalence and provide genetic diversity data for T. gondii in 632 small mammals sampled in four areas of Cotonou city, Benin. Both the brain and heart of each individual were screened through T. gondii-targeting qPCR, and positive samples were then genotyped using a set of 15 T. gondii-specific microsatellites. Prevalence data were statistically analyzed in order to assess the relative impact of individual host characteristics, spatial distribution, composition of small mammal community, and urban landscape features. An overall T. gondii molecular prevalence of 15.2% was found and seven genotypes, all belonging to the Africa 1 lineage, could be retrieved from the invasive black rat Rattus rattus and the native African giant shrew Crocidura olivieri. Statistical analyses did not suggest any significant influence of the environmental parameters used in this study. Rather, depending on the local context, T. gondii prevalence appeared to be associated either with black rat, shrew, or mouse abundance or with the trapping period. Overall, our results highlight the intricate relationships between biotic and abiotic factors involved in T. gondii epidemiology and suggest that R. rattus and C. olivieri are two competent reservoirs for the Africa 1 lineage, a widespread lineage in tropical Africa and the predominant lineage in Benin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R. Etougbétché
- Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Invasions Biologiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 2009 Cotonou Benin,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d’Analyse des Génomes, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi 01BP 526 Cotonou Bénin,Corresponding authors: ;
| | - Azra Hamidović
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques en zone tropicale, Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, Omega Health 87000 Limoges France
| | - Henri-Joël Dossou
- Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Invasions Biologiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 2009 Cotonou Benin,Institut du Cadre de Vie (ICaV), Université d’Abomey-Calavi BP 2899 Abomey-Calavi Benin
| | - Maeva Coan-Grosso
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques en zone tropicale, Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, Omega Health 87000 Limoges France
| | - Roxane Roques
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques en zone tropicale, Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, Omega Health 87000 Limoges France
| | - Nicolas Plault
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques en zone tropicale, Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, Omega Health 87000 Limoges France
| | - Gualbert Houéménou
- Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Invasions Biologiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 2009 Cotonou Benin
| | - Sylvestre Badou
- Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Unité de Recherche sur les Invasions Biologiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 2009 Cotonou Benin
| | - Antoine A. Missihoun
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d’Analyse des Génomes, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi 01BP 526 Cotonou Bénin
| | - Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim
- Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Animale et de Technologie des Viandes, Université d’Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 2009 Cotonou Benin
| | - Lokman Galal
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques en zone tropicale, Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, Omega Health 87000 Limoges France
| | - Christophe Diagne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR CBGP (IRD, INRA, Cirad, Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier Université d’Excellence 755 avenue du campus Agropolis 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex France
| | - Marie-Laure Dardé
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques en zone tropicale, Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, Omega Health 87000 Limoges France,Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren 87000 Limoges France
| | - Gauthier Dobigny
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR CBGP (IRD, INRA, Cirad, Montpellier SupAgro), Montpellier Université d’Excellence 755 avenue du campus Agropolis 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex France,Unité Peste, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar BP 1274 Ambatofotsikely Avaradoha 101 Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Aurélien Mercier
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques en zone tropicale, Institut d’Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, Omega Health 87000 Limoges France,Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren 87000 Limoges France
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Spatial distribution of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in South Africa (2005-2016). Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:376. [PMID: 34181093 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a transboundary animal disease that has negative socioeconomic consequences including impacts on food security. In South Africa, FMD outbreaks in communal farming communities cause major livestock and human livelihood concerns; they raise apprehensions about the effectiveness of FMD control measures within the FMD protection areas. This study aimed to identify high-risk areas for FMD outbreaks at the human/domestic animal/wildlife interface of South Africa. Cuzick-Edwards tests and Kulldorff scan statistics were used to detect spatial autocorrelation and spatial-temporal clusters of FMD outbreaks for the years 2005-2016.Four high-risk clusters were identified and the spatial distribution of outbreaks in cattle were closer to game reserve fences and consistent with wildlife contacts as a main contributor of FMD occurrence. Strategic allocation of resources, focused control measures, and cooperation between the affected provinces are recommended to reduce future outbreaks. Further research is necessary to design cost-effective control strategies for FMD.
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Chimera ET, Fosgate GT, Etter EMC, Boulangé A, Vorster I, Neves L. A one health investigation of pathogenic trypanosomes of cattle in Malawi. Prev Vet Med 2021; 188:105255. [PMID: 33465642 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma cause infections in both man and livestock in Africa. Understanding the current spatial distribution of trypanosomes, herd-level factors associated with Trypanosoma brucei infection as well as local knowledge of African trypanosomosis is key to its prevention and control. A cross-sectional study was performed that sampled 53 livestock farmers and 444 cattle throughout Malawi. Cattle were screened for trypanosomes using serology and molecular techniques. Questionnaires were administered to livestock herders and incidence of hospital diagnosed human trypanosome infections was estimated from reports submitted to the Department of Health Unit. The apparent prevalence of trypanosome species based on molecular detection was low for Trypanosoma brucei (2%; 95 % CI: 1-4 %) and Trypanosoma congolense (3%; 95 % CI: 2-5 %) but higher for Trypanosoma theileri (26 %; 95 % CI: 22-30 %). The central region of the country was identified as being at a higher risk of T.brucei infection. One of the sampled cattle was confirmed as being infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Human trypanosome cases were more frequently reported in the northern region with an estimated incidence of 5.9 cases per 100,000 people in Rumphi District. The control of zoonotic diseases that impact poor livestock herders requires a One Health approach due to the close contact between humans and their animals and the reliance on animal production for a sustainable livelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Chimera
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Geoffrey T Fosgate
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Eric M C Etter
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; CIRAD, UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), Pretoria, South Africa; ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Boulangé
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. de Moçambique Km 1.5, Maputo, Mozambique; CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, 01009 Maputo, Mozambique; INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilse Vorster
- Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases Research Program, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Luis Neves
- Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases Research Program, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. de Moçambique Km 1.5, Maputo, Mozambique
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Goujon S, Kyrimi E, Faure L, Guissou S, Hémon D, Lacour B, Clavel J. Spatial and temporal variations of childhood cancers: Literature review and contribution of the French national registry. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5299-5314. [PMID: 30230715 PMCID: PMC6198217 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant increases in childhood cancer incidence since the 1970s have been consistently reported worldwide, but the persistence of the increase on recent periods is discussed. No conclusion can be drawn concerning the spatial variations of childhood cancer, either. This study is an in-depth investigation of the spatial and temporal variations of childhood cancer in France. An extensive review of all the studies published since 2000 on those issues is provided. METHODS The study included 25 877 cases of childhood cancer registered nationwide over 2000-2014. The spatial heterogeneity (overdispersion, autocorrelation, overall heterogeneity) was tested, on two geographic scales, and two spatial scan methods were used to detect clusters of cases. The annual average percent change (AAPC) in incidence rate was estimated with Poisson regression models, and joinpoint analyses were considered. RESULTS Glioma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases exhibited some spatial heterogeneity and two large clusters were detected. Overall, the incidence rate of childhood cancer was stable over 2000-2014 (AAPC = -0.1% [-0.3%; 0.2%]). A log-linear positive trend was significantly evidenced for gliomas other than pilocytic astrocytomas (AAPC = 1.8% [0.9%; 2.7%]), with some suggestion of a leveling-off at the end of the period, while Burkitt lymphoma and germ cell tumor incidence rates decreased (AAPC = -2.2% [-3.8%; -0.5%] and AAPC = -1.9% [-3.4%; -0.3%], respectively). No spatial heterogeneity or significant time variation was evidenced for other cancers. CONCLUSION Several types of childhood cancer displayed some spatial heterogeneity and two large clusters were detected, the origins of which are to be investigated and might include differences in case ascertainment. Overall, the results do not support a sustained increase in incidence rates of childhood cancer in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Goujon
- Epidémiologie des Cancers de l'enfant et de l'adolescent Team (EPICEA)UMR 1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS)InsermVillejuifFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Descartes UniversityParisFrance
- French National Registry of Childhood Hematological Malignancies (RNHE)VillejuifFrance
| | - Evangelia Kyrimi
- Epidémiologie des Cancers de l'enfant et de l'adolescent Team (EPICEA)UMR 1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS)InsermVillejuifFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Descartes UniversityParisFrance
| | - Laure Faure
- Epidémiologie des Cancers de l'enfant et de l'adolescent Team (EPICEA)UMR 1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS)InsermVillejuifFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Descartes UniversityParisFrance
- French National Registry of Childhood Hematological Malignancies (RNHE)VillejuifFrance
| | - Sandra Guissou
- Epidémiologie des Cancers de l'enfant et de l'adolescent Team (EPICEA)UMR 1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS)InsermVillejuifFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Descartes UniversityParisFrance
- French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumors (RNTSE)Faculté de MédecineCHU NancyVandoeuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
| | - Denis Hémon
- Epidémiologie des Cancers de l'enfant et de l'adolescent Team (EPICEA)UMR 1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS)InsermVillejuifFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Descartes UniversityParisFrance
| | - Brigitte Lacour
- Epidémiologie des Cancers de l'enfant et de l'adolescent Team (EPICEA)UMR 1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS)InsermVillejuifFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Descartes UniversityParisFrance
- French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumors (RNTSE)Faculté de MédecineCHU NancyVandoeuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidémiologie des Cancers de l'enfant et de l'adolescent Team (EPICEA)UMR 1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS)InsermVillejuifFrance
- Sorbonne Paris CitéParis Descartes UniversityParisFrance
- French National Registry of Childhood Hematological Malignancies (RNHE)VillejuifFrance
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Ortega-García JA, López-Hernández FA, Cárceles-Álvarez A, Fuster-Soler JL, Sotomayor DI, Ramis R. Childhood cancer in small geographical areas and proximity to air-polluting industries. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:63-73. [PMID: 28319819 PMCID: PMC5685507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pediatric cancer has been associated with exposure to certain environmental carcinogens. The purpose of this work is to analyse the relationship between environmental pollution and pediatric cancer risk. METHOD We analysed all incidences of pediatric cancer (<15) diagnosed in a Spanish region during the period 1998-2015. The place of residence of each patient and the exact geographical coordinates of main industrial facilities was codified in order to analyse the spatial distribution of cases of cancer in relation to industrial areas. Focal tests and focused Scan methodology were used for the identification of high-incidence-rate spatial clusters around the main industrial pollution foci. RESULTS The crude rate for the period was 148.0 cases per 1,000,0000 children. The incidence of pediatric cancer increased significantly along the period of study. With respect to spatial distribution, results showed significant high incidence around some industrial pollution foci group and the Scan methodology identify spatial clustering. We observe a global major incidence of non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) considering all foci, and high incidence of Sympathetic Nervous System Tumour (SNST) around Energy and Electric and organic and inorganic chemical industries foci group. In the analysis foci to foci, the focused Scan test identifies several significant spatial clusters. Particularly, three significant clusters were identified: the first of SNST was around energy-generating chemical industries (2 cases versus the expected 0.26), another of NHL was around residue-valorisation plants (5 cases versus the expected 0.91) and finally one cluster of Hodgkin lymphoma around building materials (3 cases versus the expected 2.2) CONCLUSION: Results suggest a possible association between proximity to certain industries and pediatric cancer risk. More evidences are necessary before establishing the relationship between industrial pollution and pediatric cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Ortega-García
- Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Laboratory of Environmental and Human Health (A5), Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Alberto Cárceles-Álvarez
- Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Laboratory of Environmental and Human Health (A5), Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José L Fuster-Soler
- Oncology & Hematology Section, Pediatrics Department, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana I Sotomayor
- Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Laboratory of Environmental and Human Health (A5), Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Environmental Epidemiology and Cancer Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Konstantinoudis G, Kreis C, Ammann RA, Niggli F, Kuehni CE, Spycher BD. Spatial clustering of childhood leukaemia in Switzerland: A nationwide study. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1324-1332. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Kreis
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern Switzerland
| | - Roland A. Ammann
- Department of Paediatrics InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of Bern Switzerland
| | - Felix Niggli
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich Switzerland
| | - Claudia E. Kuehni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern Switzerland
| | - Ben D. Spycher
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern Switzerland
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Ramis R, Tamayo-Uria I, Gómez-Barroso D, López-Abente G, Morales-Piga A, Pardo Romaguera E, Aragonés N, García-Pérez J. Risk factors for central nervous system tumors in children: New findings from a case-control study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171881. [PMID: 28212424 PMCID: PMC5315394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Central nervous system tumors (CNS) are the most frequent solid tumor in children. Causes of CNS tumors are mainly unknown and only 5% of the cases can be explained by genetic predisposition. We studied the effects of environmental exposure on the incidence of CNS tumors in children by subtype, according to exposure to industrial and/or urban environment, exposure to crops and according to socio-economic status of the child. Methods We carried out a population-based case-control study of CNS tumors in Spain, covering 714 incident cases collected from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumors (period 1996–2011) and 4284 controls, individually matched by year of birth, sex, and autonomous region of residence. We built a covariate to approximate the exposure to industrial and/or urban environment and a covariate for the exposure to crops (GCI) using the coordinates of the home addresses of the children. We used the 2001 Census to obtain information about socio-economic status (SES). We fitted logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results The results for all CNS tumors showed an excess risk (OR = 1.37; 95%CI = 1.09–1.73) for SES, i.e., children living in the least deprived areas had 37% more risk of CNS tumor than children living in the most deprived areas. For GCI, an increase of 10% in crop surface in the 1-km buffer around the residence implied an increase of 22% in the OR (OR = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.15–1.29). Children living in the intersection of industrial and urban areas could have a greater risk of CNS tumors than children who live outside these areas (OR = 1.20; 95%CI = 0.82–1.77). Living in urban areas (OR = 0.90; 95%CI = 0.65–1.24) or industrial areas (OR = 0.96; 95%CI = 0.81–1.77) did not seem to increase the risk for all CNS tumors together. By subtype, Astrocytomas, Intracranial and intraspinal embryonal tumors, and other gliomas showed similar results. Conclusion Our results suggest that higher socioeconomic status and exposure to crops could increase the risk of CNS tumors in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Ramis
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Tamayo-Uria
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Gómez-Barroso
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Abente
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Morales-Piga
- Rare Disease Research Institute (IIER), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Pardo Romaguera
- Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumors (RETI-SEHOP), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Agricultural crop exposure and risk of childhood cancer: new findings from a case-control study in Spain. Int J Health Geogr 2016; 15:18. [PMID: 27240621 PMCID: PMC4886455 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-016-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood cancer is the main cause of disease-related death in children in Spain. Although little is known about the etiology, environmental factors are potential explanations for a fraction of the cases. Previous studies have shown pesticides to be associated with childhood cancer. The difficulty of collecting personal environmental exposure data is an important limitation; this lack of information about pesticides motivates the development of new methods to subrogate this exposure. We developed a crop exposure index based on geographic information to study the relationship between exposure to different types of crops and risk of childhood tumors. Methods We conducted a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer covering 3350 cases and 20,365 controls in two Spanish regions. We used CORINE Land Cover to obtain data about agricultural land use. We created a 1 km buffer around every child and calculated the percentage of crop surface within the buffer (Global Crop Index) for total crops and for individual types of crops. We fitted mixed multiple unconditional logistic regression models by diagnostic group. Results We found excess of risk among children living in the proximity of crops. For total crops our results showed excesses of risk for almost all diagnostic groups and increasing risk with increasing crop index value. Analyses by region and individual type of crop also showed excess of risk. Conclusion The results suggest that living in the proximity of cultivated land could be a risk factor for several types of cancer in children.
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Ramis R, Gómez-Barroso D, Tamayo I, García-Pérez J, Morales A, Pardo Romaguera E, López-Abente G. Spatial analysis of childhood cancer: a case/control study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127273. [PMID: 25992892 PMCID: PMC4439051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood cancer was the leading cause of death among children aged 1-14 years for 2012 in Spain. Leukemia has the highest incidence, followed by tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and lymphomas (Hodgkin lymphoma, HL, and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, NHL). Spatial distribution of childhood cancer cases has been under concern with the aim of identifying potential risk factors. Objective The two objectives are to study overall spatial clustering and cluster detection of cases of the three main childhood cancer causes, looking to increase etiological knowledge. Methods We ran a case-control study. The cases were children aged 0 to 14 diagnosed with leukemia, lymphomas (HL and NHL) or CNS neoplasm in five Spanish regions for the period 1996-2011. As a control group, we used a sample from the Birth Registry matching every case by year of birth, autonomous region of residence and sex with six controls. We geocoded and validated the address of the cases and controls. For our two objectives we used two different methodologies. For the first, for overall spatial clustering detection, we used the differences of K functions from the spatial point patterns perspective proposed by Diggle and Chetwynd and the second, for cluster detection, we used the spatial scan statistic proposed by Kulldorff with a level for statistical significance of 0.05. Results We had 1062 cases of leukemia, 714 cases of CNS, 92 of HL and 246 of NHL. Accordingly we had 6 times the number of controls, 6372 controls for leukemia, 4284 controls for CNS, 552 controls for HL and 1476 controls for NHL. We found variations in the estimated empirical D(s) for the different regions and cancers, including some overall spatial clustering for specific regions and distances. We did not find statistically significant clusters. Conclusions The variations in the estimated empirical D(s) for the different regions and cancers could be partially explained by the differences in the spatial distribution of the population; however, according to the literature, we cannot discard environmental hazards or infections agents in the etiology of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Ramis
- Environmental Epidemiology and Cancer Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Diana Gómez-Barroso
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Tamayo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Environmental Epidemiology and Cancer Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Morales
- Rare Disease Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras-IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Pardo Romaguera
- Registro Español de Tumores Infantiles (RETI-SEHOP), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Abente
- Environmental Epidemiology and Cancer Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Omichi M, Choi W, Tsukuda S, Sugimoto M, Seki S. Spatial Point Analysis of Ion Track Patterns using Common Polymer Films by Atomic Forced Microscopy. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2014. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.27.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Kulkarni K, Stobart K, Witol A, Rosychuk RJ. Leukemia and lymphoma incidence in children in Alberta, Canada: a population-based 22-year retrospective study. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2011; 28:649-60. [PMID: 21981741 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2011.613091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of published literature on the epidemiology of childhood acute leukemias and lymphomas in Canada. This study was designed to describe children and youth (age <20 years) diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Alberta, Canada, during 22 fiscal years. The Alberta Cancer Registry was used to extract data all ALL, AML, HL, and NHL cases diagnosed between April 1, 1982, and March 31, 2004. Population data for Alberta were also obtained. Descriptive statistics and cluster detection tests were used. During 22 years, 525, 117, 257, and 111 children (total = 1010) were diagnosed with ALL, AML, HL, and NHL, respectively. The median ages at diagnosis were 4, 11, 16, and 12 years for ALL, AML, HL, and NHL, respectively. The majority were male for ALL (287/525, 55%), AML (64/117, 55%), and NHL (81/111, 73%), and female for HL (133/257, 52%). The crude rates per 100,000 children were variable, without significant trends, over time and for each diagnosis; the median annual rates, per 100,000 children, were 3.00 (ranging from 1.87 to 3.75) for ALL, 0.62 (ranging from 0.26 to 1.27) for AML, 1.42 (ranging from 0.76 to 2.67) for HL, and 0.54 (ranging from 0.24 to 1.40) for NHL. A few potential spatiotemporal clusters were identified. They are likely due to small number of cases and plausibly clinically insignificant. Overall, childhood leukemia and lymphoma rates in Alberta have remained relatively stable, with no clear epidemiological trends and no significant spatiotemporal clustering. Further investigations are warranted to see if such stability continues and if spatiotemporal patterns arise from longer studies and studies in larger geographic regions with a larger sample size, whilst analyzing for other causal/associated factors, individual susceptibilities, and disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Francis SS, Selvin S, Yang W, Buffler PA, Wiemels JL. Unusual space-time patterning of the Fallon, Nevada leukemia cluster: Evidence of an infectious etiology. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 196:102-9. [PMID: 21352818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The town of Fallon within Churchill County, Nevada exhibited an unusually high incidence of childhood leukemia during the years 1997-2003. We examined the temporal and spatial patterning of the leukemia case homes in comparison to the distribution of the general population at risk, other cancer incidence, and features of land use. Leukemia cases were predominantly diagnosed during the early to mid summer, exhibiting a seasonal bias. Leukemia cases lived outside of the "developed/urban" area of Fallon, predominantly in the "agriculture/pasture" region of Churchill County, circumscribing downtown Fallon. This pattern was different from the distribution of the underlying population (p-value<0.01) and different from the distribution of other cancers, which were evenly distributed when compared to the population (p-value=0.74). The unusual space-time patterning of childhood leukemia is consistent with the involvement of an infectious disease. A possible mode of transmission for such an infectious disease is by means of a vector, and mosquitoes are abundant in Churchill County outside of the urban area of Fallon. This region harbors a US Navy base, and a temporally concordant increase in military wide childhood leukemia rates suggests the base a possible source of the virus. Taken together, our current understanding of the etiology of childhood leukemia, the rural structure combined with temporal and geospatial patterning of these leukemia cases, and the high degree of population mixing in Fallon, suggest a possible infectious cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Francis
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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