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Wang J, Song Y, Zhao L, Yang P, Huang F, Wu Y, Zhang C. Characterization and discrimination of lamb with different breeds and muscle types using precursors and volatile compounds. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101437. [PMID: 38756469 PMCID: PMC11096867 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique aromas of mutton stem from the chemical reactions between the characteristic precursors during cooking. This study aimed to establish the relationship of volatile compounds and aroma precursors (protein, fat, free amino acids and fatty acids) in lamb from different breeds and muscle types. Hong lamb was characterized by greater tenderness and water holding capacity, higher polyunsaturated fatty acids and higher essential/non-essential amino acids in comparison with Hu lamb. Aldehydes, such as heptanal, hexanal, octanal and nonanal were higher in Hong-ST compared with Hu-ST. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that aroma precursors were closely related to volatile components of cooked lamb. Discriminant analysis results showed that precursors and volatile compounds could be used to identify the breeds and muscle types of lamb. These findings revealed the contributors of lamb aroma and might help understand the regulatory mechanism of aroma in lamb from different breeds and muscle types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Laiyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
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Liu T, Bu Z, Xiang K, Jia Y, Du S. Effects of non-pelleted or pelleted low-native grass and pelleted high-native grass diets on meat quality by regulating the rumen microbiota in lambs. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0375823. [PMID: 38363135 PMCID: PMC10986533 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03758-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet modulates the rumen microbiota, which in turn can impact the animal performance. The rumen microbiota is increasingly recognized for its crucial role in regulating the growth and meat quality of the host. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which the rumen microbiome influences the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of lambs in the grass feeding system remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different native grass-based diets on animal performance, meat quality, fatty acid compositions, amino acid profiles, and rumen microbiota of lamb. Seventy-two Ujumqin lambs were randomly assigned into three treatments according to the initial body weight (27.39 ± 0.51 kg) and age (6 months ± 6 days). The lambs received three diets: (i) non-pelleted native grass hay with 40% concentrate diet; the native grass and concentrate were fed individually; (ii) pelleted native grass hay with 40% concentrate diet (PHLC); (iii) pelleted native grass hay with 60% concentrate diet (PHHC). The results showed that among the three groups, the PHHC and PHLC diets had markedly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain and pH45 min, respectively. All amino acid levels were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the PHHC diet than in the PHLC diet. The principal coordinate analysis of the ruminal microbiota indicated the markedly distinct separation (P = 0.001) among the three groups. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Succinivibrio, and Succiniclasticum were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with most of the fatty acid and amino acid profiles. The correlation analysis of the association of microbiome with the meat quality provides us with a comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of the rumen microbial community, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb. IMPORTANCE Diet modulates the gut microbiome, which in turn impact the meat quality, yet few studies investigate the correlation between the rumen microbiome and the fatty acid profile of meat. Here, the current study develops an experiment to investigate the correlation of the rumen microbiome and fatty acid profile of meat: rumen microbiome responses to feed type and meat quality. The results indicated a unique microbiota in the rumen of lamb in response to diets and meat quality. Associations between utilization and production were widely identified among the affected microbiome and meat quality, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia University of Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Zhenkun Bu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agriculture Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agriculture Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaifeng Xiang
- Forest and Grassland Protection and Development Center, Chifeng, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Du S, Bu Z, You S, Jiang Z, Su W, Wang T, Jia Y. Integrated rumen microbiome and serum metabolome analysis responses to feed type that contribution to meat quality in lambs. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:65. [PMID: 38115081 PMCID: PMC10729572 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle factors, such as diet, are known to be a driver on the meat quality, rumen microbiome and serum metabolites. Rumen microbiome metabolites may be important for host health, the correlation between rumen microbiome and production of rumen metabolites are reported, while the impact of rumen microbiome on the serum metabolome and fatty acid of meat are still unclear. This study was designed to explore the rumen microbiome, serum metabolome and fatty acid of meat in response to the grass diet and concentrate diet to lambs, and the relationship of which also investigated. METHODS In the present study, 12 lambs were randomly divided into two groups: a grass diet (G) and a concentrate diet (C). Here, multiple physicochemical analyses combined with 16S rRNA gene sequences and metabolome analysis was performed to reveal the changes that in response to feed types. RESULTS The concentrate diet could improve the growth performance of lambs compared to that fed with the grass diet. The microbiome composition was highly individual, compared to the concentrate group, the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, F082_unclassified, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Bacteroidetes_unclassified, and Bacteroidales_UCG-001_unclassified were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the grass group, while, the abundance of Succinivibrio, Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002, Fibrobacter and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the grass group. Serum metabolomics analysis combined with enrichment analysis revealed that serum metabolites were influenced by feed type as well as the metabolic pathway, and significantly affected serum metabolites involved in amino acids, peptides, and analogues, bile acids, alcohols and derivatives, linoleic acids derivatives, fatty acids and conjugates. Most of the amino acids, peptides, and analogues metabolites were positively associated with the fatty acid contents. Among the bile acids, alcohols and derivatives metabolites, glycocholic was positively associated with all fatty acid contents, except C18:0, while 25-Hydroxycholesterol and lithocholic acid metabolites were negatively associated with most of the fatty acid contents. CONCLUSION Correlation analysis of the association of microbiome with metabolite features, metabolite features with fatty acid provides us with comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of microbial communities. Associations between utilization or production were widely identified among affected microbiome, metabolites and fatty acid, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhenkun Bu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agriculture Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Sihan You
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tenghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, 314399, China.
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Guo Q, Li T, Qu Y, Liang M, Ha Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q. New research development on trans fatty acids in food: Biological effects, analytical methods, formation mechanism, and mitigating measures. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101199. [PMID: 36402189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The trans fatty acids (TFAs) in food are mainly generated from the ruminant animals (meat and milk) and processed oil or oil products. Excessive intake of TFAs (>1% of total energy intake) caused more than 500,000 deaths from coronary heart disease and increased heart disease risk by 21% and mortality by 28% around the world annually, which will be eliminated in industrially-produced trans fat from the global food supply by 2023. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological effects, analytical methods, formation and mitigation measures of TFAs in food. Especially, the research progress on the rapid, easy-to-use, and newly validated analytical methods, new formation mechanism, kinetics, possible mitigation mechanism, and new or improved mitigation measures are highlighted. We also offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development, which will contribute to the advances in TFAs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China.
| | - Tian Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Yang Qu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Manzhu Liang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Yiming Ha
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China.
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Aoki H, Sato Y, Katsumata S, Yamauchi M, Yamanaka S, Kishi Y, Oishi K, Hirooka H, Kumagai H. Effects of calcium salt of linseed oil fatty acid with different oil adsorbents on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13707. [PMID: 35289034 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of supplementary calcium salt of fatty acid (CSFA) from linseed oil with different oil adsorbents on in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics in barley substrate condition. A non-supplementation treatment (CONT) and treatments of six products, CSFA without oil adsorbent (2.1 fatty acid/Ca molar ratio) and CSFAs with silica gel, zeolite, bentonite, diatomite, and vermiculite (2.8 fatty acid/Ca molar ratio), were prepared. The supplementary 2% and 4% CSFA with silica gel (+S) in the substrate reduced CH4 production 56% and 79%, respectively, compared with that in CONT (p < 0.01). The products, except for +S, did not decrease CH4 production. The dry matter (DM) disappearance in CSFAs with oil adsorbents was lower than that in the CSFA without oil adsorbent (74.8%-77.3% vs. 79.3%, p < 0.01), and crude protein (CP) disappearance in +S supplementation was lower than that of the other products (53.5% vs. 57.2%-59.1%, p < 0.01). The +S supplementation decreased acetate proportion and increased propionate proportion (p < 0.01). Our study indicated that although the disappearance of DM and CP might decrease, using silica gel as an oil adsorbent of linseed oil calcium salt with high fatty acid/Ca molar ratio has the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions from ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotatsu Aoki
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachi Katsumata
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momo Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yousuke Kishi
- Research & Development Department, Taiyo Yushi Corp., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazato Oishi
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirooka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Comparison of Three Feeding Regimens on Blood Fatty Acids Metabolites of Wujumqin Sheep in Inner Mongolia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041080. [PMID: 33920167 PMCID: PMC8070206 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The traditional sheep feeding system in Inner Mongolia, based on pasture grazing, is gradually transforming into a semi-grazing plus supplementation or feedlot approach, as grassland ecological protection becomes increasingly important. The fatty acid composition of the animals’ tissues changes with transformation of the feeding system. However, the changes to blood fatty acid metabolites in sheep as a result of alterations to the feeding regimen are unknown. In this study, pasture feeding, pasture feeding plus corn supplementation, and barn feeding were carried out to explore the effects of feeding regimens on blood fatty acid composition and metabolic pathways of sheep using a metabolomic approach. The results revealed that compared to grazing, concentrate supplement feeding regimens, including either grazing plus supplements or feeding indoors, down-regulated blood n-3 PUFA biosynthesis and up-regulated blood inflammatory compound metabolism by n-6 PUFA. These data suggest that under different feeding regimens, an appropriate ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in ruminant diets will contribute to increasingly high-quality animal production and improved immunocompetence. Abstract Feeding regimens influence the fatty acid composition of animal-derived products. However, there is limited information on the effect of feeding regimens on the blood fatty acid composition and metabolic pathways of ruminant animals. In this study, 30 Wujumqin sheep were randomly assigned to three groups, PF (pasture feeding), PSF (pasture feeding plus corn supplementation) and BF (barn feeding), to examine the effects of feeding regimens on blood fatty acid composition and metabolic pathways through a metabolomic approach. The results showed that the BF sheep had increased serum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels, while the PF and PSF sheep had increased serum n-3 PUFA levels. Compared to the BF and PSF sheep that were fed ground corn, the PF sheep that only ate natural grass had up-regulated serum DHA levels. Meanwhile, blood metabolites from linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, including pro-inflammatory products (20-HETE, LTs, TX etc.) and anti-inflammatory products (LXB4, DHETs, HPETEs etc.) were elevated in the BF group. It was found that, compared to grazing, concentrate supplement feeding regimens, including either grazing plus supplements or feeding indoors, down-regulated blood n-3 PUFA biosynthesis and up-regulated the blood inflammatory compound metabolism by n-6 PUFA.
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Matar AM, Abdelrahman MM, Alhidary IA, Ayadi MA, Alobre MM, Aljumaah RS. Effects of Roughage Quality and Particle Size on Rumen Parameters and Fatty Acid Profiles of Longissimus Dorsi Fat of Lambs Fed Complete Feed. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2182. [PMID: 33266409 PMCID: PMC7700288 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition for the longissimus dorsi (LD) fat of carcass sheep is a crucial factor impacting meat quality. We performed a 90-day feeding trial of 25 Naemi lambs to investigate the effects of roughage sources (alfalfa or wheat straw) of two sizes (regular and 1 cm chopped) when fed with pelleted total mixed ration (TMR) on the growth performance, fermentation patterns, and fatty acid (FA) composition of longissimus dorsi (LD) fat. Lambs were randomly assigned to individual pens with five treatment diets, as follows: C, control group with TMR; T1, TMR and regular alfalfa hay; T2, TMR and alfalfa hay chopped to 1 cm; T3, TMR and regular wheat straw; and T4, TMR and wheat straw chopped to 1 cm. Four lambs were randomly selected from each treatment (20 total) and sacrificed. LD fat of the carcass was extracted and analyzed for FA using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Significantly increased feed intake was found in T1 and T2. The FA composition of LD fat in T2 had higher unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), omega-6 (n6), and omega-3 (n3) FA content. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and α-linoleic acid were highest in lambs fed T1 and T2. Feeding different types of roughage, especially alfalfa hay, either regular or chopped, with total pelleted mixed ration is crucial to improving feed intake and body weight gain, as it positively enhances the rumen microbial fermentation process by controlling rumen pH. The FA profiles of meat from lambs fed TMR with regular or 1 cm particle size alfalfa hay (T1 and T2) are recommended for human consumption as a source of healthy FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkareem M. Matar
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.M.); (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Mutassim M. Abdelrahman
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.M.); (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.M.); (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Moez A. Ayadi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.M.); (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
- Département de Biotechnology Animal, Institute Superior de Biotechnology de Beja, University de Jendouba, B.P. 382, Av. Habib Bourguiba, Beja 9000, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen M. Alobre
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.M.); (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Riyadh S. Aljumaah
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.M.); (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.); (R.S.A.)
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Zhang C, Zhang H, Liu M, Zhao X, Luo H. Effect of Breed on the Volatile Compound Precursors and Odor Profile Attributes of Lamb Meat. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091178. [PMID: 32858830 PMCID: PMC7555795 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to characterize the effect of breed on the volatile compound precursors and odor profile attributes and to provide an insight into improving the lamb production and meat flavor. Three-month-old Tan (n = 10), Hu (n = 10) and Dorper lambs (n = 10) were raised for 90 days in single barns. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle of all lambs were collected for analysis of intramuscular fat, fatty acids, amino acids, and volatile compounds. The results showed Tan and Hu accumulated more intramuscular fat and saturated fatty acid than Dorper. However, Tan had lower linoleic acid, alpha linolenic acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acid proportion than Dorper. Amino acid in Dorper was significantly higher than Tan and Hu. Furthermore, (E)-2-hexenal was only found in Tan lambs, while (E)-2-nonenal and (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal were only found in Dorper lambs. Hu had the fewest volatile compounds. The results of this study demonstrated that Dorper had larger proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), amino acid and volatile compounds than Tan and Hu. However, the specific PUFA derivates of Dorper had a negative impact on the odor profile. Hence, we suggest that further works should be focused on crossbreed lambs by Dorper and Tan, to enhance the lamb production and improve meat flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.Z.); (M.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.Z.); (M.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin’gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.Z.); (M.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.Z.); (M.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Szulc P, Mravčáková D, Szumacher-Strabel M, Váradyová Z, Várady M, Čobanová K, Syahrulawal L, Patra AK, Cieslak A. Ruminal fermentation, microbial population and lipid metabolism in gastrointestinal nematode-infected lambs fed a diet supplemented with herbal mixtures. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231516. [PMID: 32298315 PMCID: PMC7161954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of medicinal herbal mixtures rich in phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid compounds on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations, and fatty acid (FA) concentrations and lipid oxidation in tissues of lambs infected with the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite (Haemonchus contortus). Parallel in vitro and in vivo studies were performed using two different herbal mixtures (Mix1 and Mix2). The in vitro study was conducted in a 2 (infection status; non-infected versus infected) × 3 (diets; control, Mix1 and Mix2) factorial design. In the in vivo study, 24 lambs were equally divided into four treatments: non-infected lambs fed a control diet, infected lambs fed the control diet, infected lambs fed a diet with Mix1 and infected lambs fed a diet with Mix2. Herbal mixtures (100 g dry matter (DM)/d) were added to the basal diets of meadow hay (ad libitum) and a commercial concentrate (500 g DM/d). The experimental period lasted for 70 days. Ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production were not affected by infection in vivo or in vitro. Both herbal mixture supplementation increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations (P < 0.01) and DM digestibility (P < 0.01) in vitro. Archaea population was slightly diminished by both herbal mixtures (P < 0.05), but they did not lower methane production in vitro or in vivo (P > 0.05). Infection of H. contortus or herbal mixtures modulated FA proportion mainly in the liver, especially the long chain FA proportion. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum were significantly higher after 70 days post-infection in the infected lambs. Herbal Mix1 supplementation reduced TBARS concentrations in meat after seven days of storage. In conclusion, supplementing of herbal mixtures to the diets of GIN parasite infected lambs did not affect the basic ruminal fermentation parameters. Herbal mixtures may improve few FA proportions mainly in liver as well as decrease lipid oxidation in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Szulc
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Mravčáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Zora Váradyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Marián Várady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- * E-mail:
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10
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Long term dietary supplementation with microalgae increases plasma docosahexaenoic acid in milk and plasma but does not affect plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF 2α concentration in dairy cows. J DAIRY RES 2020; 87:14-22. [PMID: 32046806 DOI: 10.1017/s002202991900102x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the long-term effects of dietary supplementation with microalgae (SCIM) on milk and blood fatty acid (FA) composition and reproductive hormones in early lactation dairy cows. Sixty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (30 per treatment) were unsupplemented (Control) or supplemented with 100 g of SCIM (Schizochytrium limacinum sp.) per cow per day from 25 ± 0.5 d post-partum for 98 d. Intake and milk yield were recorded daily, with milk samples collected at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 14, and blood samples collected from 12 representative pairs per treatment at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 14 for subsequent analysis of FA, β-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and glucose. At 33 ± 0.9 d postpartum the oestrus cycle of 24 cows (12 per treatment) were synchronized and plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α (PGFM) concentrations determined following an oxytocin challenge. Data were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance. There was no effect of treatment on dry matter intake, milk yield or milk fat content, with mean values across treatments of 22.1 and 40.6, and 37.2 g/kg respectively. Milk fat concentration of C22:6 n-3 increased rapidly in cows receiving SCIM, reaching a maximum of 0.38 g/100 g FA by week 14. Similarly, blood concentration of C22:6 n-3 increased to 1.6 g/100 g FA by week 14 in cows fed SCIM. There was no effect of treatment on plasma metabolites, but plasma glucose was lower in cows fed SCIM compared to the Control at week 2, and higher in week 8. There was no effect of treatment on peak plasma PGFM concentration or area under the curve. It is concluded that feeding SCIM rapidly increases blood and milk concentrations of C22:6 n-3 which are maintained over time, but does not improve plasma PGFM in dairy cows.
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Till BE, Huntington JA, Posri W, Early R, Taylor-Pickard J, Sinclair LA. Influence of rate of inclusion of microalgae on the sensory characteristics and fatty acid composition of cheese and performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10934-10946. [PMID: 31563312 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Modification of milk and cheese fat to contain long-chain n-3 fatty acids (FA) by feeding microalgae (ALG) to dairy cows has the potential to improve human health, but the subsequent effect on the sensory attributes of dairy products is unclear. The objective was to determine the effect of feeding dairy cows different amounts of ALG that was rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on milk and cheese FA profile, cheese sensory attributes, and cow performance. Twenty Holstein dairy cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 4 × 4 row and column design, with 4 periods of 28 d, with cheddar cheese production and animal performance measurements undertaken during the final 7 d of each period. Cows were fed a basal diet that was supplemented with ALG (Schizochytrium limancinum) at 4 rates: 0 (control, C), 50 (LA), 100 (MA), or 150 g (HA) of ALG per cow per day. We found that both milk and cheese fat content of DHA increased linearly with ALG feed rate and was 0.29 g/100 g FA higher in milk and cheese from cows fed HA compared with C. Supplementation with ALG linearly reduced the content of saturated FA and the ratio of n-6:n-3 FA in milk and cheese. Supplementation with ALG altered 20 out of the 32 sensory attributes, with a linear increase in cheese air holes, nutty flavor, and dry mouth aftertaste with ALG inclusion. Creaminess of cheese decreased with ALG inclusion rate and was positively correlated with saturated FA content. We also observed a quadratic effect on fruity odor, which was highest in cheese from cows fed HA and lowest in LA, and firmness and crumbliness texture, being highest in MA and lowest in HA. Supplementation with ALG had no effect on the dry matter intake, milk yield, or live weight change of the cows, with mean values of 23.1, 38.5, and 0.34 kg/d respectively, but milk fat content decreased linearly, and energy-corrected milk yield tended to decrease linearly with rate of ALG inclusion (mean values of 39.6, 38.4, 37.1, and 35.9 g/kg, and 41.3, 41.3, 40.5, and 39.4 kg/d for C, LA, MA, and HA, respectively). We conclude that feeding ALG to high-yielding dairy cows improved milk and cheese content of DHA and altered cheese taste but not cow performance, although milk fat content reduced as inclusion rate increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Till
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - J A Huntington
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - W Posri
- Department of Food Technology and Innovation, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - R Early
- Department of Food Technology and Innovation, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - J Taylor-Pickard
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, Ireland A86 X006
| | - L A Sinclair
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK.
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Nguyen DV, Malau-Aduli BS, Cavalieri J, Nichols PD, Malau-Aduli AE. Supplementation with plant-derived oils rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for lamb production. Vet Anim Sci 2018; 6:29-40. [PMID: 32734050 PMCID: PMC7386694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, an overview of the health benefits of omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) and recent progress in using alpha linolenic acid (ALA) rich sources derived from oilseeds to enhance productive performance, n-3 PUFA profiles and sensory properties of lamb for human consumption is reviewed. Omega-3 LC-PUFA can prevent mental health issues and chronic human disorders including cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. The median amount of n-3 LC-PUFA consumption is generally lacking in Western diets. More attention is now being paid to the use of innovative nutritional strategies to improve PUFA content in ruminants, which could subsequently increase the content of health-benefitting n-3 LC-PUFA for human consumption. The richest sources of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA are derived from marine products, while forage and oilseeds such as flaxseed, canola, and their oils are abundant in ALA. Numerous studies have shown that dietary ALA increases n-3 LC-PUFA levels of edible tissues. However, other studies concluded that ALA rich supplementation led to no differences in tissue FA profiles because of extensive biohydrogenation of dietary ALA, limited conversion from ALA to n-3 LC-PUFA and low incorporation of n-3 LC-PUFA into edible tissues. Generally, the inclusion of ALA rich sources in lamb diets potentially increases ALA content in lamb. It is proposed that supplementing ruminants with ALA-rich sources at or below 6% can promote n-3 PUFA profiles in lamb and is unlikely to have negative effects on feed intake, growth, carcass and sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don V. Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi 129909, Viet Nam
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - John Cavalieri
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, PO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Aduli E.O. Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Science Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Rodriguez-Herrera M, Khatri Y, Marsh SP, Posri W, Sinclair LA. Feeding microalgae at a high level to finishing heifers increases the long-chain n-3 fatty acid composition of beef with only small effects on the sensory quality. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maricruz Rodriguez-Herrera
- Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management; Harper Adams University; Edgmond, Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
| | - Yunus Khatri
- Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management; Harper Adams University; Edgmond, Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
| | - Simon P. Marsh
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences; Harper Adams University; Edgmond, Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
| | - Wilatsana Posri
- Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management; Harper Adams University; Edgmond, Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
| | - Liam A. Sinclair
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences; Harper Adams University; Edgmond, Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB UK
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Blood serum metabolic profile and fatty acid composition in sheep fed concentrates with Camelina sativa cake and distillers dried grains with solubles. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Rumen Fluid Metabolomics Analysis Associated with Feed Efficiency on Crossbred Steers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2864. [PMID: 28588266 PMCID: PMC5460109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen has a central role in the efficiency of digestion in ruminants. To identify potential differences in rumen function that lead to differences in average daily gain (ADG), rumen fluid metabolomic analysis by LC-MS and multivariate/univariate statistical analysis were used to identify differences in rumen metabolites. Individual feed intake and body-weight was measured on 144 steers during 105 d on a high concentrate ration. Eight steers with the greatest ADG and 8 steers with the least-ADG with dry matter intake near the population average were selected. Blood and rumen fluid was collected from the 16 steers 26 d before slaughter and at slaughter, respectively. As a result of the metabolomics analysis of rumen fluid, 33 metabolites differed between the ADG groups based on t-test, fold changes and partial least square discriminant analysis. These metabolites were primarily involved in linoleic and alpha-linolenic metabolism (impact-value 1.0 and 0.75, respectively; P < 0.05); both pathways were down-regulated in the greatest-ADG compared with least-ADG group. Ruminal biohydrogenation might be associated with the overall animal production. The fatty acids were quantified in rumen and plasma using targeted MS to validate and evaluate the simple combination of metabolites that effectively predict ADG.
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Oliveira MA, Alves SP, Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJ. Effects of clays used as oil adsorbents in lamb diets on fatty acid composition of abomasal digesta and meat. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bessa RJB, Alves SP, Santos-Silva J. Constraints and potentials for the nutritional modulation of the fatty acid composition of ruminant meat. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui J. B. Bessa
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMV); Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa); Lisboa Portugal
| | - Susana P. Alves
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FMV); Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa); Lisboa Portugal
| | - José Santos-Silva
- Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços em Produção e Saúde Animal; Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (UEISPA-INIAV); Lisboa Portugal
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Meale SJ, Ding S, He ML, Dugan MER, Ribeiro GO, Alazzeh AY, Holo H, Harstad OM, McAllister TA, Chaves AV. Effect ofPropionibacterium freudenreichiion ruminal fermentation patterns, methane production and lipid biohydrogenation of beef finishing diets containing flaxseed oil in a rumen simulation technique. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Meale, S. J., Ding, S., He, M. L., Dugan, M. E. R., Ribeiro Jr. G. O., Alazzeh, A. Y., Holo, H., Harstad, O. M., McAllister, T. A. and Chaves, A. V. 2014. Effect of Propionibacterium freudenreichii on ruminal fermentation patterns, methane production and lipid biohydrogenation of beef finishing diets containing flaxseed oil in a rumen simulation technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 685–695. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of Propionibacterium freudenreichii (strain T54; PB) and flaxseed oil (FO) in a total mixed ration on ruminal fermentation, CH4production and fatty acid biohydrogenation in two artificial rumens (RUSITEC). The experiment consisted of 8 d of adaptation and 12 d of sample collection with four replicate fermenters per treatment. Treatments were: (1) CON; (2) PB; (3) FO (60 g kg−1DM with autoclaved PB); (4) FOPB (60 g kg−1DM with PB). Disappearance of DM (g kg−1DM) and gas production (mL g−1DM) were not affected by treatment (P>0.05). Inclusion of FOPB increased (P=0.01) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production (mmol d−1), compared with CON and PB. The acetate:propionate ratio was reduced (P<0.001) in all treatments, compared with CON. Methane production (mL g−1DM or mL g−1DMD) was lowest (P<0.001) with PB (27.1%); however, FO (14.3%) and FOPB (19.3%) also reduced CH4compared with CON. Fatty acid profiles for PB were similar (P>0.05) to CON for most fatty acids. Concentrations of 18:3n-3 were greater (P<0.001) in FO and FOPB in both digesta and effluent, compared with CON. Propionibacterium freudenreichii had very little effect on ruminal biohydrogenation, but reduced CH4production under the current conditions as a result of increasing propionate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Meale
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - S. Ding
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - M. L. He
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - M. E. R. Dugan
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - G. O. Ribeiro
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A. Y. Alazzeh
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Holo
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- TINE SA, Oslo, Norway
| | - O. M. Harstad
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - T. A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - A. V. Chaves
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Meale SJ, Chaves AV, He ML, McAllister TA. Dose–response of supplementing marine algae (Schizochytrium spp.) on production performance, fatty acid profiles, and wool parameters of growing lambs1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2202-13. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Meale
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - A. V. Chaves
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - M. L. He
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - T. A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Incorporation of by-products of rosemary and thyme in the diet of ewes: effect on the fatty acid profile of lamb. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Toral PG, Belenguer A, Shingfield KJ, Hervás G, Toivonen V, Frutos P. Fatty acid composition and bacterial community changes in the rumen fluid of lactating sheep fed sunflower oil plus incremental levels of marine algae. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:794-806. [PMID: 22281344 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of ruminant diets with plant oils and marine lipids is an effective strategy for lowering saturated fatty acid (FA) content and increasing the concentration of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid and long-chain n-3 FA in ruminant milk. However, changes in populations of ruminal microorganisms associated with altered biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated FA are not well characterized. Twenty-five lactating Assaf ewes were allocated at random to 1 of 5 treatments composed of dehydrated alfalfa hay and concentrates containing no additional lipid (control), or supplemented with 25 g of sunflower oil and 0 (SO), 8 (SOMA(1)), 16 (SOMA(2)), or 24 (SOMA(3)) g of marine algae/kg of diet dry matter. On d 28 on diet, samples of rumen fluid were collected for lipid analysis and microbial DNA extraction. Appearance and identification of biohydrogenation intermediates was determined based on complementary gas chromatography and Ag+-HPLC analysis of FA methyl esters. Total bacteria and the Butyrivibrio group were studied in microbial DNA by terminal RFLP analysis, and real-time PCR was used to quantify the known Butyrivibrio bacteria that produce trans-11 18:1 or 18:0. Dietary supplements of sunflower oil alone or in combination with marine algae altered the FA profile of rumen fluid, which was associated with changes in populations of specific bacteria. Inclusion of marine algae in diets containing sunflower oil resulted in the accumulation of trans 18:1 and 10-O-18:0 and a marked decrease in 18:0 concentrations in rumen fluid. At the highest levels of supplementation (SOMA(2) and SOMA(3)), marine algae also promoted a shift in ruminal biohydrogenation pathways toward the formation of trans-10 18:1 at the expense of trans-11 18:1. Changes in the concentration of biohydrogenation intermediates were not accompanied by significant variations in the abundance of known cultivated ruminal bacteria capable of hydrogenating unsaturated FA. However, certain bacterial groups detected by terminal RFLP (such as potentially uncultured Lachnospiraceae strains or Quinella-related bacteria) exhibited variations in their relative frequency consistent with a potential role in one or more metabolic pathways of biohydrogenation in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
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Effects of supplementation with fish oil and barium selenate on performance, carcass characteristics and muscle fatty acid composition of late season lamb finished on grass-based or concentrate-based diets. Animal 2012; 5:1923-37. [PMID: 22440469 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on performance and muscle fatty acid composition of hill lambs finished on grass-based or concentrate-based diets, and to examine the interaction with selenium (Se) status. In September 2006, 180 entire male lambs of mixed breeds were sourced from six hill farms after weaning and finished on five dietary treatments: grazed grass (GG), grass +0.4 kg/day cereal-based concentrate (GC), grass +0.4 kg/day cereal-based concentrate enriched with fish oil (GF), ad libitum cereal-based concentrate (HC) and ad libitum fish oil-enriched concentrate (HF). Within each treatment, half of the lambs were also supplemented with barium selenate by subcutaneous injection. At the start of the trial, the proportion of lambs with a marginal (<0.76 μmol/l) or deficient (<0.38 μmol/l) plasma Se status was 0.84 and 0.39, respectively. Compared with control lambs, GG lambs treated with Se had higher (P < 0.01) plasma Se levels, whereas erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was higher (P < 0.01) for Se-supplemented lambs fed diets GG and GF. However, Se supplementation had no effects on any aspect of animal performance. Fish oil increased (P < 0.05) levels of 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the Longissimus dorsi of HF lambs but otherwise had no effect on the health attributes of lamb meat. There were no significant effects of fish oil on dry matter intake, animal performance or lamb carcass characteristics. Daily carcass weight gain (CWG; P < 0.001), carcass weight (P < 0.01) and conformation score (P < 0.01) increased with increasing concentrate inputs. Lambs fed concentrate-based diets achieved a higher mean CWG (P < 0.001), dressing proportion (P < 0.001) and carcass weight (P < 0.011), and were slaughtered up to 8.3 days earlier (P < 0.05) and at 1.2 kg lower (P < 0.05) live weight than pasture-fed lambs. However, carcasses from grass-fed lambs contained lower levels of perinephric and retroperitoneal fat (P < 0.05), and had less fat over the Iliocostalis thoracis (P < 0.001) and Obliquus internus abdominis (P < 0.05). Meat from grass-fed lambs also had lower levels of 18:2n-6 and total n-6 fatty acids compared with those finished indoors. The results of this study demonstrate that fish oil supplementation has some benefits for the health attributes of meat from lambs fed concentrate-based diets but not grass-based diets. Supplementing Se-deficient lambs with barium selenate will improve Se status of lambs fed zero-concentrate diets, but has no additional benefit when lambs are already consuming their daily Se requirement from concentrates or when fish oil-enriched diets are fed.
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Toral P, Shingfield K, Hervás G, Toivonen V, Frutos P. Effect of fish oil and sunflower oil on rumen fermentation characteristics and fatty acid composition of digesta in ewes fed a high concentrate diet. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:4804-17. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jerónimo E, Alves SP, Martins SV, Prates JA, Bessa RJ, Santos-Silva J. Effect of sodium bentonite and vegetable oil blend supplementation on growth, carcass quality and intramuscular fatty acid composition of lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Toral P, Hervás G, Gómez-Cortés P, Frutos P, Juárez M, de la Fuente M. Milk fatty acid profile and dairy sheep performance in response to diet supplementation with sunflower oil plus incremental levels of marine algae. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:1655-67. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Annett R, Dawson L, Edgar H, Carson A. Effects of source and level of fish oil supplementation in late pregnancy on feed intake, colostrum production and lamb output of ewes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Toral P, Belenguer A, Frutos P, Hervás G. Effect of the supplementation of a high-concentrate diet with sunflower and fish oils on ruminal fermentation in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Influence of vitamin E supplementation and basal diet on the vitamin E status, performance and tissue fatty acid concentration in lambs. Animal 2009; 3:516-26. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731108003820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Doreau M, Laverroux S, Normand J, Chesneau G, Glasser F. Effect of Linseed Fed as Rolled Seeds, Extruded Seeds or Oil on Fatty Acid Rumen Metabolism and Intestinal Digestibility in Cows. Lipids 2008; 44:53-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Effect of diet supplementation with sunflower oil on milk production, fatty acid profile and ruminal fermentation in lactating dairy ewes. J DAIRY RES 2008; 75:399-405. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029908003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to enhance the nutritional quality of ewe milk fat by increasing potentially healthy fatty acids (FA) through diet supplementation with unprotected oil rich in linoleic acid, and without detrimental effects on animal performance. Twenty-four ewes were assigned to two high concentrate diets, control or supplemented with 6% sunflower oil (SO), for 4 weeks. No differences between treatments were found in milk production and dry matter intake. Although the SO diet increased milk fat percentage and tended to reduce milk protein concentration, it did not affect milk fat, protein or total solid yield. Most of the modifications in milk FA composition were addressed toward a potentially healthier profile: a decrease in C12:0 to C16:0 and a remarkable increase in the contents of cis-9 trans-11 C18:2 (from 0·94 to 3·60 g/100 g total FA) and trans-11 C18:1 (from 2·23 to 8·61 g/100 g total FA). Furthermore, the levels reached were maintained throughout the period monitored. However, the SO diet increased other trans C18:1 isomer percentages, too. The lack of differences between treatments in the in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters, studied with batch cultures of rumen microorganisms, would indicate no negative effects on ruminal fermentation.
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Effects of selenium supplementation on polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations and antioxidant status in plasma and liver of lambs fed linseed oil or sunflower oil diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Neonatal lamb vigour is improved by feeding docosahexaenoic acid in the form of algal biomass during late gestation. Animal 2008; 2:1186-92. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731108001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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34
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Nute G, Richardson R, Wood J, Hughes S, Wilkinson R, Cooper S, Sinclair L. Effect of dietary oil source on the flavour and the colour and lipid stability of lamb meat. Meat Sci 2007; 77:547-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Boeckaert C, Fievez V, Van Hecke D, Verstraete W, Boon N. Changes in rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and ciliate protozoa diversity after algae supplementation to dairy cattle. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fievez V, Vlaeminck B, Jenkins T, Enjalbert F, Doreau M. Assessing rumen biohydrogenation and its manipulationin vivo,in vitro andin situ. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jouany JP, Lassalas B, Doreau M, Glasser F. Dynamic Features of the Rumen Metabolism of Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid and Linseed Oil Measured in Vitro. Lipids 2007; 42:351-60. [PMID: 17406930 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lipid quality of ruminant products is largely determined by the extent of rumen microbial biohydrogenation (BH) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and the substances formed thereby. In vitro batch incubations with mixed rumen bacteria were tracked over 24 h to characterize the profiles and kinetics of the BH products from three lipid sources: pure linoleic acid (c9,c12-18:2), pure linolenic acid (c9,c12,c15-18:3) and linseed oil (mainly c9,c12,c15-18:3 in triacylglycerols). After 24 h of incubation biohydrogenation was more complete for c9,c12-18:2, which gave mainly stearic acid (18:0), than for c9,c12,c15-18:3, which yielded mainly trans-18:1 FAs. This suggests inhibition of the final BH step (18:1 to 18:0). Incubations of c9,c12-18:2 resulted in high levels of carbon 10- and 12-desaturated 18:1, t10,c12- and c9,t11-CLAs. Incubations of c9,c12,c15-18:3 resulted in high levels of t11-18:1, carbon 13- and 15-desaturated 18:1 as well as t11,c15-18:2 and 11,13-CLAs. A comparative study of linolenic acid and linseed oil kinetics revealed that the BH process was not significantly slowed by the esterification of polyunsaturated FAs, but may have been limited by the isomerization step in which the cis12 double bond goes to the trans11 position. The disappearance rates of c9,c12-18:2 and c9,c12,c15-18:3 ranged from 23.6 to 44.6%/h. The wide variety of BH intermediates found here underlines the large number of possible BH pathways. These data help provide a basis for dynamic approaches to BH processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Jouany
- INRA, UR1213 Herbivores, Site de Theix, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance. Animal 2007; 1:889-98. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Capper JL, Wilkinson RG, Mackenzie AM, Sinclair LA. Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy alters neonatal behavior in sheep. J Nutr 2006; 136:397-403. [PMID: 16424118 DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.2.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to determine whether supplementation of pregnant ewes with long-chain (n-3) fatty acids present in fish oil, in combination with dietary vitamin E, would alter neonatal behavior in sheep. Twin- (n=36) and triplet- (n=12) bearing ewes were allocated at d 103 of gestation to 1 of 4 dietary treatments containing 1 of 2 fat sources [Megalac, a calcium soap of palm fatty acid distillate or a fish oil mixture, high in 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3)] and 1 of 2 dietary vitamin E concentrations (50 or 500 mg/kg) in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Feeding fish oil increased gestation length by 2 d and increased the proportion of 22:6(n-3) within neonatal plasma by 5.1-fold and brain by 10%, whereas brain 20:5(n-3) was increased 5-fold. Supranutritional dietary vitamin E concentrations decreased the latency of lambs to stand in ewes fed fish oil but not Megalac, whereas latency to suckle was decreased from 43 to 34 min by fish oil supplementation. Supplementation with fish oil also substantially decreased the secretion rate (mL/h) of colostrum and the yield (g/h) of fat and protein. We conclude that supplementation of ewes with fish oil decreases the latency to suckle, increases gestation length and the 22:6(n-3):20:4(n-6) ratio in the neonatal brain, and may improve lamb survival rate. However, further work is required to determine how to mitigate the negative effects of fish oil on colostrum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L Capper
- ASRC, Harper Adams University College, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
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