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Adebayo RA, Moyo M, Gueguim Kana EB, Nsahlai IV. The use of artificial neural networks for modelling rumen fill. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest models for predicting rumen fill of cattle and sheep were developed. Data on rumen fill were collected from studies that reported body weights, measured rumen fill, and stated diets fed to animals. Animal and feed factors that affected rumen fill were identified from each study and used to create a dataset. These factors were used as input variables for predicting the weight of rumen fill. For ANN modelling, a three-layer Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation neural network was adopted and achieved 96% accuracy in prediction of the weight of rumen fill. The precision of the ANN model’s prediction of rumen fill was higher for cattle (80%) than sheep (56%). On validation, the ANN model achieved 95% accuracy in prediction of the weight of rumen fill. A random forest model was trained using a binary tree-based machine-learning algorithm and achieved 87% accuracy in prediction of rumen fill. The random forest model achieved 16% (cattle) and 57% (sheep) accuracy in validation of the prediction of rumen fill. In conclusion, the ANN model gave better predictions of rumen fill compared with the random forest model and should be used in predicting rumen fill of cattle and sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed A. Adebayo
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Mehluli Moyo
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Evariste B. Gueguim Kana
- Microbiology, School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Ignatius V. Nsahlai
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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El-Ashker MR, Salama MF, El-Boshy ME, Abo El-Fadle EA. Significance of clinical observations and biochemical alterations in buffalo calves with dietary abomasal impaction. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:2. [PMID: 29291740 PMCID: PMC5748944 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to throw light on the clinical characteristics of abomasal impaction in buffalo calves and its associated biochemical alterations. For this reason, a total of 20 male buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) with abomasal impaction were studied. The investigated calves were at 6 to 12 months of age and were belonged to three private farms in Dakahlia Governorate besides sporadic cases admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. Ten apparently healthy buffalo calves were also included as controls. According to the clinical outcome, the diseased calves were categorized into survivors (n = 11) and non-survivors (n = 9). Blood samples were collected from all animals to estimate blood gases besides a panel of selected biochemical parameters. The definitive diagnosis of dietary abomasal impaction was achieved by either left flank exploratory laparotomy or by necropsy. RESULTS Both survivors and non-survivors demonstrated common clinical findings including distension of ventro-lateral aspect of the right abdomen, and varying degrees of dehydration. The great majority of survivors (81%) and 100% of non-survivors were anorexic and had rumen stasis as well as hard texture upon ballottement of the left flank. Approximately 45% of non-survivors had frothy salivation, expiratory grunting and were being tender when strong percussion was applied on the right flank. Diseased calves had metabolic alkalosis, while plasma potassium and chloride were significantly lower in non-survivors than those of survivors (P < 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and uric acid were significantly higher in diseased buffalo than controls and in non-survivors than survivors (P < 0.05). Serum total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin levels were also higher in non-survivors than those of survivors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Buffalo calves with dietary abomasal impaction were associated with marked clinical and biochemical alterations that could be helpful for an accurate diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged R El-Ashker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Salama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El-Boshy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Abo El-Fadle
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Nielsen M, Nadeau E, Markussen B, Helander C, Eknæs M, Nørgaard P. Relationship between energy intake and chewing index of diets fed to pregnant ewes. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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The effect of size and density on the mean retention time of particles in the reticulorumen of cattle ( Bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen ( Ovibos moschatus) and moose ( Alces alces). Br J Nutr 2010; 105:634-44. [PMID: 21144130 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510004101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Particle passage from the reticulorumen (RR) depends on particle density and size. Forage particle density and size are related and change over time in the RR. Particle density mainly influences sorting in the reticulum, whereas particle size influences particle retention in the fibre mat of stratified rumen contents ('filter-bed' effect). We investigated these effects independently, by inserting plastic particles of different sizes (1, 10 and 20 mm) and densities (1·03, 1·20 and 1·44 mg/ml) in the RR of cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus) as a pilot study, and of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus; n 4) and moose (Alces alces; n 2) both fed two diets (browse and grass). Faeces were analysed for plastic residues for 13 d after dosing to calculate mean retention times (MRT). The results confirmed previous findings of differences in absolute MRT between species. Comparing muskoxen with moose, there was no difference in the effect of particle density on the MRT between species but particle size had a more pronounced effect on the MRT in muskoxen than in moose. This indicated a stronger 'filter-bed effect' in muskoxen, in accord with the reports of stratified RR contents in this species v. the absence of RR content stratification in moose. Low-density particles were retained longer in both species fed on grass diets, indicating a contribution of forage type to the 'filter-bed effect'. The results indicate that retention based on particle size may differ between ruminant species, depending on the presence of a fibre mat in the RR, whereas the density-dependent mechanism of sedimentation in the RR is rather constant across species.
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Galvani DB, Pires CC, Wommer TP, Oliveira F, Santos MF. Chewing patterns and digestion in sheep submitted to feed restriction. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 94:e366-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Clauss M, Hofmann RR, Streich WJ, Fickel J, Hummel J. Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Seo S, Lanzas C, Tedeschi L, Pell A, Fox D. Development of a mechanistic model to represent the dynamics of particle flow out of the rumen and to predict rate of passage of forage particles in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:3981-4000. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Clauss M, Fritz J, Bayer D, Hummel J, Streich WJ, Südekum KH, Hatt JM. Physical characteristics of rumen contents in two small ruminants of different feeding type, the mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon) and the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). ZOOLOGY 2009; 112:195-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Romański K. New approach to the fed pattern: Feeding evokes the specific spike burst setting in the small bowel of non-fasted sheep. Res Vet Sci 2008; 85:324-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Clauss M, Kaiser T, Hummel J. The Morphophysiological Adaptations of Browsing and Grazing Mammals. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72422-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Determination of reticulo-rumen and whole-stomach digestion in lactating cows by omasal canal or duodenal sampling. Br J Nutr 2007. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114500000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows were fed on diets consisting of grass silage (0·6 kg/kg DM) and one of four concentrates: barley, barley + urea, barley + rapeseed meal and barley + rapeseed cake. The objective of the present study was to compare omasal canal and duodenal digesta flows. Values for digesta flow into the omasal canal and duodenum were determined using a triple-marker method based on Co-EDTA, Yb-acetate and indigestible neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) markers. Microbial non-NH3 N (NAN) flow was assessed by purine flow. Microbial samples to determine the bacterial purine: N ratio were harvested from the rumen, omasum and duodenum. Organic matter flow was significantly lower into the omasum than the duodenum, indicating an endogenous organic matter secretion into the abomasum. In contrast, NDF and acid-detergent fibre flows were significantly higher into the omasum indicating digestion of fibre in the omasum. Microbial NAN flows were significantly different (P < 0·001) when estimates were based on bacterial samples harvested from different sites. Differences in total NAN, microbial NAN and dietary NAN flows entering the omasal canal and duodenum were non-significant. The results indicated that the omasal sampling technique provides a promising alternative to the duodenal sampling technique to investigate forestomach digestion in dairy cows and offers an alternative means to study rumen N metabolism.
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von Engelhardt W, Haarmeyer P, Kaske M, Lechner-Doll M. Chewing activities and oesophageal motility during feed intake, rumination and eructation in camels. J Comp Physiol B 2005; 176:117-24. [PMID: 16328535 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-005-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It was the aim of this study to characterize rumination behaviour, eructation and oesophageal motility in camels to identify similarities and differences between camels and domestic ruminants. Recordings were carried out in five camels fed on a hay-based diet. On an average, the duration of rumination, feeding and resting was 8.3, 5.6 and 10.1 h per 24 h, respectively. Rumination activity peaked in the morning between 9:00 and 11:00 and in the night between 02:00 and 04:00 a.m. During rumination periods, on an average 67 boluses were regurgitated per hour. Each bolus was chewed for an average of 45 s with 68 chews per min. The pause between two rumination cycles lasted on an average 9 s. Hay intake took 61 min/kg dry matter (DM), rumination lasted 71 min/kg DM of hay consumed. The regurgitation of a bolus started with a contraction of cranial compartment 1 (C 1) during a B-sequence, followed by a deep inspiration with closed glottis. Digesta enters the oesophagus, and an antiperistaltic wave transported the bolus orally. Eructation starts with a contraction of the caudal C1 during a B-sequence when the cranial C1 is relaxed. After entering the oesophagus, a rapid antiperistaltic wave transports the gas orally. Results revealed that the parameter values obtained in the camels were remarkably similar to those in domestic ruminants despite profound morphological differences and different patterns of forestomach motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- W von Engelhardt
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
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Wittek T, Constable PD, Morin DE. Abomasal impaction in Holstein-Friesian cows: 80 cases (1980-2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 227:287-91. [PMID: 16047668 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine clinical examination findings, clinicopathologic abnormalities, and outcome of treatment in dairy cattle with abomasal impaction. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 80 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows > or = 2 years old. PROCEDURE Medical records of cattle with abomasal impaction admitted between 1980 and 2003 were retrieved, and data were extracted. RESULTS All cows were reported to have decreased food intake; concurrent diseases were identified in 54 (68%). Seventeen cows did not have detectable ruminal motility, but physical examination findings were nonspecific and variable. In general, cattle had mild hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hyperglycemia, but serum potassium and chloride concentrations were typically within reference limits. Fifty-five (69%) cattle had impaction of the pyloric antrum alone, and 25 (31%) had impaction of the abomasal body and pyloric antrum. Right flank laparotomy and abomasal massage were performed in 73 cattle. After surgery, 54 (74%) cattle received 3 to 4 L of mineral oil, PO, daily for 1 to 5 days. Short-term (ie, discharged from the hospital) survival rate was significantly higher for cows with impaction of the pyloric antrum alone (42/45 [93%]) than for cows with impaction of the body and antrum (12/24 [50%]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that physical examination findings and results of serum biochemical analyses do not facilitate the diagnosis of abomasal impaction in lactating Holstein cows and that exploratory right flank laparotomy is necessary to make the diagnosis. Abomasal impaction should be considered as a differential diagnosis for inappetence and poor milk production in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wittek
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Salcedo-Meza JR, Castellanos-Molina R, Garza-Flores JD, Tejada-Castañeda ZI, Segura-Correa JC, Rodríguez-Vázquez R, Ku-Vera JC. Effect of Dehydrated Pig Faeces in the Ration on Rumen Degradability, Kinetics of Passage andin vivoDigestibility in Holstein Steers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2004.9706486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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