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Dong Y, Gao X, Qiao C, Han M, Miao Z, Liu C, Yan L, Li J. Effects of Mixed Organic Acids and Essential Oils in Drinking Water on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Capacity, and Immune Status in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2160. [PMID: 39123686 PMCID: PMC11311025 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of acidifiers and essential oils in drinking water on growth, intestinal digestive capacity, and immune status in broilers, a total of 480, 1-day-old Arbore Acres broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments including normal tap water (Ctr) and tap water supplemented with acidifier I (ACI), acidifier I and essential oils (ACI+EO), and acidifier II (ACII). Both ACI+EO and ACII increased final body weight. The pH value of the crop and gizzards was reduced by ACI+EO, and ACII decreased the pH values of the proventriculus and gizzards (p < 0.05). Compared with control group, ACI, ACI+EO, ACII significantly enhanced lipase activity in jejunum but ACII decreased the level of serum total cholesterol and total triglyceride (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, ACI+EO and ACII significantly increased the relative weight of the spleen, increased the level of serum IgA and IgM, and decreased E. coli in excreta, while ACII significantly decreased Salmonella in excreta (p <0.05). All treatments significantly increased Lactobacillus in excreta. In conclusion, ACI+EO improved immune status and ACII was effective in reducing Salmonella and promoting Lactobacillus, contributing to intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Dong
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China; (Y.D.); (X.G.); (C.Q.); (M.H.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xulong Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China; (Y.D.); (X.G.); (C.Q.); (M.H.); (Z.M.)
| | - Chenqi Qiao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China; (Y.D.); (X.G.); (C.Q.); (M.H.); (Z.M.)
| | - Miaomiao Han
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China; (Y.D.); (X.G.); (C.Q.); (M.H.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhiqiang Miao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China; (Y.D.); (X.G.); (C.Q.); (M.H.); (Z.M.)
| | - Ci Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China;
| | - Lei Yan
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China;
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China; (Y.D.); (X.G.); (C.Q.); (M.H.); (Z.M.)
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Alaba TE, Holman JM, Ishaq SL, Li Y. Current Knowledge on the Preparation and Benefits of Cruciferous Vegetables as Relates to In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102160. [PMID: 38779039 PMCID: PMC11108850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition with a significant economic and social burden. The disease is complex and challenging to treat because it involves several pathologies, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, dysbiosis, and intestinal damage. The search for an effective treatment has identified cruciferous vegetables and their phytochemicals as potential management options for inflammatory bowel disease because they contain prebiotics, probiotics, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolites essential for a healthy gut. This critical narrative style review provides a robust insight into the pharmacological effects and benefits of crucifers and their documented bioactive compounds in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as clinical inflammatory bowel disease. The review highlights the significant impact of crucifer preparation and the presence of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds, which are essential for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative benefits of cruciferous vegetables, as well as their ability to promote the healthy microbial community and maintain the intestinal barrier. This review may serve as a viable nutritional guide for future research on methods and features essential to developing experiments, preventions, and treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. There is limited clinical information and future research may utilize current innovative tools, such as metabolomics, for adequate knowledge and effective translation into clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolu E Alaba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Johanna M Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, NY, United States
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3
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Analysis of the biotransformation mechanism of soy isoflavones via equol-producing HMA mice model. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Cardozo LFMF, Alvarenga LA, Ribeiro M, Dai L, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Mafra D. Cruciferous vegetables: rationale for exploring potential salutary effects of sulforaphane-rich foods in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:1204-1224. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a sulfur-containing isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) and a well-known activator of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), considered a master regulator of cellular antioxidant responses. Patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) present with high levels of oxidative stress and a massive inflammatory burden associated with diminished Nrf2 and elevated nuclear transcription factor-κB-κB expression. Because it is a common constituent of dietary vegetables, the salutogenic properties of sulforaphane, especially it’s antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, have been explored as a nutritional intervention in a range of diseases of ageing, though data on CKD remain scarce. In this brief review, the effects of SFN as a senotherapeutic agent are described and a rationale is provided for studies that aim to explore the potential benefits of SFN-rich foods in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia A Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lu Dai
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Farag MA, El Hawary EA, Elmassry MM. Rediscovering acidophilus milk, its quality characteristics, manufacturing methods, flavor chemistry and nutritional value. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3024-3041. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1675584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A. El Hawary
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Kellingray L, Tapp HS, Saha S, Doleman JF, Narbad A, Mithen RF. Consumption of a diet rich in Brassica vegetables is associated with a reduced abundance of sulphate-reducing bacteria: A randomised crossover study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1600992. [PMID: 28296348 PMCID: PMC5600105 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE We examined whether a Brassica-rich diet was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of intestinal lactobacilli and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), or alteration to the composition of the gut microbiota, in healthy adults. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomised crossover study was performed with ten healthy adults who were fed a high- and a low-Brassica diet for 2-wk periods, with a 2-wk washout phase separating the diets. The high-Brassica diet consisted of six 84 g portions of broccoli, six 84 g portions of cauliflower and six 300 g portions of a broccoli and sweet potato soup. The low-Brassica diet consisted of one 84 g portion of broccoli and one 84 g portion of cauliflower. Faecal microbiota composition was measured in samples collected following 2-wk Brassica-free periods (consumption of all Brassica prohibited), and after each diet, whereby the only Brassica consumed was that supplied by the study team. No significant changes to the relative abundance of lactobacilli were observed (p = 0.8019). The increased consumption of Brassica was associated with a reduction in the relative abundance of SRB (p = 0.0215), and members of the Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Clostridium and unclassified Clostridiales (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The increased consumption of Brassica vegetables was linked to a reduced relative abundance of SRB, and therefore may be potentially beneficial to gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kellingray
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Henri S. Tapp
- Analytical Sciences UnitInstitute of Food ResearchNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Joanne F. Doleman
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Richard F. Mithen
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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Milbradt EL, Zamae JR, Araújo Júnior JP, Mazza P, Padovani CR, Carvalho VR, Sanfelice C, Rodrigues DM, Okamoto AS, Andreatti Filho RL. Control of Salmonella Enteritidis in turkeys using organic acids and competitive exclusion product. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:554-63. [PMID: 24797347 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the use of organic acids (OAs) and competitive exclusion (CE) product administered continuously in the feed and transiently in drinking water on the control of Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) prior to slaughter. METHODS AND RESULTS The influence of treatments were evaluated on pH, population of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, concentration of volatile fatty acids and SE colonization in the crop and caecum. The birds were challenged with SE 24 h before being slaughtered, and then, the caeca and crop were removed and subjected to SE counts. Continuous administration of OAs reduced the population of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family in both crop and caecum, positively influenced the butyric acid concentration and reduced SE colonization in the caecum. The diet supplemented with CE product positively influenced the quantity of LAB in the crop and caecum, elevated the butyric acid concentration and reduced both Enterobacteriaceae quantity and SE colonization in the caecum. There was no effect from administering the treatments via drinking water on the variables measured. CONCLUSIONS Continuous supplementation in feed with OAs and CE product reduced SE colonization of the caeca. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Supplementation of OAs and CE product in diet to turkeys can reduce the SE load, potentially leading to a lower contamination risk of meat during slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Milbradt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Okeke F, Roland BC, Mullin GE. The role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity. Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 3:44-57. [PMID: 24891993 PMCID: PMC4030605 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Okeke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Bani Chander Roland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Gerard E Mullin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Rosendale D, Butts C, de Guzman E, Maddox I, Martell S, McIntyre L, Skinner M, Smith H, Ansell J. The contribution of dietary broccoli sprouts towards the microbial metabolite profile in the hind gut of mice. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zimmermann MB, Chassard C, Rohner F, N'goran EK, Nindjin C, Dostal A, Utzinger J, Ghattas H, Lacroix C, Hurrell RF. The effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiota in African children: a randomized controlled trial in Cote d'Ivoire. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92:1406-15. [PMID: 20962160 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.004564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is essential for the growth and virulence of many pathogenic enterobacteria, whereas beneficial barrier bacteria, such as lactobacilli, do not require iron. Thus, increasing colonic iron could select gut microbiota for humans that are unfavorable to the host. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the effect of iron fortification on gut microbiota and gut inflammation in African children. DESIGN In a 6-mo, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 6-14-y-old Ivorian children (n = 139) received iron-fortified biscuits, which contained 20 mg Fe/d, 4 times/wk as electrolytic iron or nonfortifoed biscuits. We measured changes in hemoglobin concentrations, inflammation, iron status, helminths, diarrhea, fecal calprotectin concentrations, and microbiota diversity and composition (n = 60) and the prevalence of selected enteropathogens. RESULTS At baseline, there were greater numbers of fecal enterobacteria than of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (P < 0.02). Iron fortification was ineffective; there were no differences in iron status, anemia, or hookworm prevalence at 6 mo. The fecal microbiota was modified by iron fortification as shown by a significant increase in profile dissimilarity (P < 0.0001) in the iron group as compared with the control group. There was a significant increase in the number of enterobacteria (P < 0.005) and a decrease in lactobacilli (P < 0.0001) in the iron group after 6 mo. In the iron group, there was an increase in the mean fecal calprotectin concentration (P < 0.01), which is a marker of gut inflammation, that correlated with the increase in fecal enterobacteria (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Anemic African children carry an unfavorable ratio of fecal enterobacteria to bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which is increased by iron fortification. Thus, iron fortification in this population produces a potentially more pathogenic gut microbiota profile, and this profile is associated with increased gut inflammation. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN21782274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Zimmermann
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Monro JA, Mishra S. Digestion-Resistant Remnants of Vegetable Vascular and Parenchyma Tissues Differ in Their Effects in the Large Bowel of Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13228-010-0005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Lhoste EF, Bruneau A, Bensaada M, Cherbuy C, Philippe C, Bruel S, Sutren M, Rabot S, Guyot S, Duée PH, Latino-Martel P. Apple proanthocyanidins do not reduce the induction of preneoplastic lesions in the colon of rats associated with human microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4120-4125. [PMID: 20205389 DOI: 10.1021/jf904010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the gut microbiota metabolizes various dietary constituents unabsorbed by the small intestine and modulates colon function, it plays an essential role in colon carcinogenesis. First, we have developed a model of human microbiota-associated rats (HMA), fed a human-type diet and injected with 1-2,dimethylhydrazine (DMH). We observed that the number and size of DMH-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were significantly higher in HMA rats than in germ-free or conventional rats. Second, we used this model to assess the protective effect of an apple proanthocyanidin-rich extract (APE) on colon carcinogenesis. In this model, ACF number and multiplicity were not reduced by APE at 0.001% and 0.01% in drinking water. They were higher with APE 0.1% than with APE 0.01%. Therefore, the cross-talk between human microbiota and the colon epithelium should be taken into account in carcinogenesis models. Moreover, attention should be paid prior to using proanthocyanidin extracts as dietary supplements for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne F Lhoste
- INRA, UR910 Unite d'Ecologie et Physiologie du Systeme Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Licht TR, Hansen M, Bergström A, Poulsen M, Krath BN, Markowski J, Dragsted LO, Wilcks A. Effects of apples and specific apple components on the cecal environment of conventional rats: role of apple pectin. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:13. [PMID: 20089145 PMCID: PMC2822772 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our study was part of the large European project ISAFRUIT aiming to reveal the biological explanations for the epidemiologically well-established health effects of fruits. The objective was to identify effects of apple and apple product consumption on the composition of the cecal microbial community in rats, as well as on a number of cecal parameters, which may be influenced by a changed microbiota. Results Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of cecal microbiota profiles obtained by PCR-DGGE targeting bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed an effect of whole apples in a long-term feeding study (14 weeks), while no effects of apple juice, purée or pomace on microbial composition in cecum were observed. Administration of either 0.33 or 3.3% apple pectin in the diet resulted in considerable changes in the DGGE profiles. A 2-fold increase in the activity of beta-glucuronidase was observed in animals fed with pectin (7% in the diet) for four weeks, as compared to control animals (P < 0.01). Additionally, the level of butyrate measured in these pectin-fed animal was more than double of the corresponding level in control animals (P < 0.01). Sequencing revealed that DGGE bands, which were suppressed in pectin-fed rats, represented Gram-negative anaerobic rods belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes, whereas bands that became more prominent represented mainly Gram-positive anaerobic rods belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, and specific species belonging to the Clostridium Cluster XIVa. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed a lower amount of given Bacteroidetes species in the pectin-fed rats as well as in the apple-fed rats in the four-week study (P < 0.05). Additionally, a more than four-fold increase in the amount of Clostridium coccoides (belonging to Cluster XIVa), as well as of genes encoding butyryl-coenzyme A CoA transferase, which is involved in butyrate production, was detected by quantitative PCR in fecal samples from the pectin-fed animals. Conclusions Our findings show that consumption of apple pectin (7% in the diet) increases the population of butyrate- and β-glucuronidase producing Clostridiales, and decreases the population of specific species within the Bacteroidetes group in the rat gut. Similar changes were not caused by consumption of whole apples, apple juice, purée or pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine R Licht
- Department of Microbiology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.
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Li F, Hullar MAJ, Schwarz Y, Lampe JW. Human gut bacterial communities are altered by addition of cruciferous vegetables to a controlled fruit- and vegetable-free diet. J Nutr 2009; 139:1685-91. [PMID: 19640972 PMCID: PMC2728691 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human gut, commensal bacteria metabolize food components that typically serve as energy sources. These components have the potential to influence gut bacterial community composition. Cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and cabbage, contain distinctive compounds that can be utilized by gut bacteria. For example, glucosinolates can be hydrolyzed by certain bacteria, and dietary fibers can be fermented by a range of species. We hypothesized that cruciferous vegetable consumption would alter growth of certain bacteria, thereby altering bacterial community composition. We tested this hypothesis in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study. Fecal samples were collected from 17 participants at the end of 2 14-d intake periods: a low-phytochemical, low-fiber basal diet (i.e. refined grains without fruits or vegetables) and a high ("double") cruciferous vegetable diet [basal diet + 14 g cruciferous vegetables/(kg body weightd)]. Fecal bacterial composition was analyzed by the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (tRFLP) method using the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene and nucleotide sequencing. Using blocked multi-response permutation procedures analysis, we found that overall bacterial community composition differed between the 2 consumption periods (delta = 0.603; P = 0.011). The bacterial community response to cruciferous vegetables was individual-specific, as revealed by nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination analysis. Specific tRFLP fragments that characterized each of the diets were identified using indicator species analysis. Putative species corresponding to these fragments were identified through gene sequencing as Eubacterium hallii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, Burkholderiales spp., Alistipes putredinis, and Eggerthella spp. In conclusion, human gut bacterial community composition was altered by cruciferous vegetable consumption, which could ultimately influence gut metabolism of bioactive food components and host exposure to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 and Interdisplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Meredith A. J. Hullar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 and Interdisplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Yvonne Schwarz
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 and Interdisplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 and Interdisplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Licht TR, Madsen B, Wilcks A. Selection of bacteria originating from a human intestinal microbiota in the gut of previously germ-free rats. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 277:205-9. [PMID: 18031341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was applied to separate PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes originating from human microbiota associated (HMA) rat faeces as well as from the human faecal sample used for inoculation of the animals. Subsequently, a total of 15 dominant bands were excised from the DGGE gels, cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the obtained sequences with the Ribosomal Database revealed that species of Bacteroides/Prevotella and Faecalibacterium gave rise to the majority of the dominant bands in the human sample and in the HMA rats. In the HMA rats, two dominant bands, which were not present in the human DGGE profile, originated from species of Ruminococcus. With the exception of the Ruminococcus sequences, sequences originating from both rats and human samples were represented in all major branches of a maximum parsimony tree, indicating that the rat feed and gut environment allows colonization of the dominant taxonomic units from the human microbiota, but additionally selects for Ruminococci. Bands representing Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, which were found in identical positions of the DGGE gels originating from human and HMA rat faecal samples, originated from completely identical sequences, indicating that the same strains of these species were dominating in the human and rat samples.
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Fuller Z, Louis P, Mihajlovski A, Rungapamestry V, Ratcliffe B, Duncan AJ. Influence of cabbage processing methods and prebiotic manipulationof colonic microflora on glucosinolate breakdown in man. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:364-72. [PMID: 17403273 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507709091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolate consumption from brassica vegetables has been implicated in reduction of cancer risk. The isothiocyanate breakdown products of glucosinolates appear to be particularly important as chemoprotective agents. Before consumption, brassica vegetables are generally cooked, causing the plant enzyme, myrosinase, to be denatured, influencing the profile of glucosinolate breakdown products produced. Some human intestinal microflora species show myrosinase-like activity (e.g. bifidobacteria). We aimed to increase bifidobacteria by offering a prebiotic (inulin) in a randomised crossover study. Six volunteers consumed inulin (10 g/d) for 21 d followed by a 21 d control period (no inulin). Treatment periods were reversed for the remaining six volunteers. During the last 5 d of each period two cabbage-containing meals were consumed. Total urine output was collected for 24 h following each meal. Cabbage was microwaved for 2 min (lightly cooked) or 5·5 min (fully cooked). Faecal samples were collected at the start and after the inulin and control treatments. Bifidobacteria were enumerated by real-time PCR. Allyl isothiocyanate production was quantified by measuring urinary excretion of allyl mercapturic acid (AMA). Bifidobacteria increased following prebiotic supplementation (P < 0·001) but there was no impact of this increase on AMA excretion. AMA excretion was greater following consumption of lightly cooked cabbage irrespective of prebiotic treatment (P < 0·001). In conclusion, the most effective way to increase isothiocyanate production may be to limit the length of time that brassica vegetables are cooked prior to consumption.
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Van Immerseel F, Russell JB, Flythe MD, Gantois I, Timbermont L, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R. The use of organic acids to combatSalmonellain poultry: a mechanistic explanation of the efficacy. Avian Pathol 2007; 35:182-8. [PMID: 16753609 DOI: 10.1080/03079450600711045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a human pathogen that is commonly found in poultry products. It is possible to decrease chicken carcass and egg contaminations by adding organic acids to the feed or drinking water at appropriate times. Medium-chain fatty acids are more antibacterial against Salmonella than short-chain fatty acids. The antibacterial effect of these acids is species specific. Bacteria that are unable to decrease intracellular pH accumulate organic acid anions in accordance with the pH gradient across their cell membranes. The short-chain fatty acid butyrate specifically down-regulates expression of invasion genes in Salmonella spp. at low doses. Also medium-chain fatty acids and propionate decrease the ability of Salmonella spp. to invade epithelial cells, in contrast to acetic acid. Because not all bacteria are affected in a similar fashion by organic acids, it may be possible to use probiotic and prebiotic bacteria to achieve beneficial effects. If diets can be designed to stimulate organic acid production in the caecum, it may be possible to control Salmonella spp. via even easier and more cost-effective measures, compared with addition of acids to feed or drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Van Immerseel
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group Veterinary Public Health and Zoonoses, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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