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Sun CC, Zhu W, Li SJ, Hu W, Zhang J, Zhuo Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Huang SX, He QQ, Li DJ. FOXC1-mediated LINC00301 facilitates tumor progression and triggers an immune-suppressing microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating the HIF1α pathway. Genome Med 2020; 12:77. [PMID: 32878637 PMCID: PMC7466809 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extensively intricate in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of various cancer types. Nevertheless, the detailed molecular mechanisms of lncRNA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still remain mainly undetermined. Methods qPCR was performed to verify LINC00301 expression in NSCLC clinical specimens or cell lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was conducted to identify the localization of LINC00301 in NSCLC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was subjected to validate the binding activity between FOXC1 and LINC00301 promoters. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was performed to explore the binding activity between LINC00301 and EZH2. RNA pull-down followed by dot-blot, protein domain mapping, and RNA electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) were conducted to identify the detailed binding regions between LINC00301 and EZH2. Alpha assay was conducted to quantitatively assess the interaction between LINC00301 and EZH2. Results LINC00301 is highly expressed in NSCLC and closely corelated to its prognosis by analyzing the relationship between differentially expressed lncRNAs and prognosis in NSCLC samples. in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that LINC00301 facilitates cell proliferation, releases NSCLC cell cycle arrest, promotes cell migration and invasion, and suppresses cell apoptosis in NSCLC. In addition, LINC00301 increases regulatory T cell (Treg) while decreases CD8+ T cell population in LA-4/SLN-205-derived tumors through targeting TGF-β. The transcription factor FOXC1 mediates LINC00301 expression in NSCLC. Bioinformatics prediction and in vitro experiments indicated that LINC00301 (83–123 nucleotide [nt]) can directly bind to the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) (612–727 amino acid [aa]) to promote H3K27me3 at the ELL protein-associated factor 2 (EAF2) promoter. EAF2 directly binds and stabilizes von Hippel–Lindau protein (pVHL), so downregulated EAF2 augments hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α) expression by regulating pVHL in NSCLC cells. Moreover, we also found that LINC00301 could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) against miR-1276 to expedite HIF1α expression in the cytoplasm of NSCLC cells. Conclusions In summary, our present research revealed the oncogenic roles of LINC00301 in clinical specimens as well as cellular and animal experiments, illustrating the potential roles and mechanisms of the FOXC1/LINC00301/EZH2/EAF2/pVHL/HIF1α and FOXC1/LINC00301/miR-1276/HIF1α pathways, which provides novel insights and potential theraputic targets to NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cao Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jun Li
- Wuhan Hospital for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Xin Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - De-Jia Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Close WH, Mount LE. The effects of plane of nutrition and environmental temperature on the energy metabolism of the growing pig. 1. Heat loss and critical temperature. Br J Nutr 1978; 40:413-21. [PMID: 718823 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19780142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1. The heat losses and energy balances of thirty-eight individually housed pigs (initial body-weights 21--38 kg) were measured continuously for periods of 14 d when they were maintained at environmental temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 degrees. At each temperature four levels of feeding were given approximating to once, twice and three times the maintenance energy intake and the ad lib. level. The minimal maintenance energy requirement (M) was calculated to be 440 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg0.75 per d at 25 degrees. 2. ME intake at the ad lib. level decreased from 1965 kJ/kg0.75 per d at 10 degrees to 1202 at 30 degrees. 3. Heat loss calculated from multiple regression analysis decreased to minimum levels between 20 and 25 degrees; 30 degrees was within the hyperthermic zone at each plane of nutrition. 4. The partition of heat loss into its sensible and evaporative components showed that evaporation increased from 25% at 10 degrees to 78% at 30 degrees. 5. Critical temperature was dependent upon food intake and decreased from 23.1 degrees at M to 20.7 degrees at 2M, 18.0 degrees at 3M and 16.7 degrees at 4M. 6. The extra food required to meet extra thermoregulatory heat production per 1 degrees below the effective critical temperature was 0.65 g/kg body-weight per d.
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