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Mahan KM, Le RK, Wells T, Anderson S, Yuan JS, Stoklosa RJ, Bhalla A, Hodge DB, Ragauskas AJ. Production of single cell protein from agro-waste using Rhodococcus opacus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:795-801. [PMID: 29915996 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Livestock and fish farming are rapidly growing industries facing the simultaneous pressure of increasing production demands and limited protein required to produce feed. Bacteria that can convert low-value non-food waste streams into singe cell protein (SCP) present an intriguing route for rapid protein production. The oleaginous bacterium Rhodococcus opacus serves as a model organism for understanding microbial lipid production. SCP production has not been explored using an organism from this genus. In the present research, R. opacus strains DSM 1069 and PD630 were fed three agro-waste streams: (1) orange pulp, juice, and peel; (2) lemon pulp, juice, and peel; and (3) corn stover effluent, to determine if these low-cost substrates would be suitable for producing a value-added product, SCP for aquafarming or livestock feed. Both strains used agro-waste carbon sources as a growth substrate to produce protein-rich cell biomass suggesting that that R. opacus can be used to produce SCP using agro-wastes as low-cost substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Mahan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 323-B Dougherty Engineering Bldg., 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2200, USA
| | - Rosemary K Le
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 323-B Dougherty Engineering Bldg., 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2200, USA
| | - Tyrone Wells
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 323-B Dougherty Engineering Bldg., 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2200, USA
| | - Seth Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 323-B Dougherty Engineering Bldg., 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2200, USA
| | - Joshua S Yuan
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, 21230 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ryan J Stoklosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Aditya Bhalla
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David B Hodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 323-B Dougherty Engineering Bldg., 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2200, USA. .,Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. .,Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center of Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA. .,Systems Biology, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 969, MS 9671, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA.
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Øverland M, Tauson AH, Shearer K, Skrede A. Evaluation of methane-utilising bacteria products as feed ingredients for monogastric animals. Arch Anim Nutr 2010; 64:171-89. [PMID: 20578647 DOI: 10.1080/17450391003691534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial proteins represent a potential future nutrient source for monogastric animal production because they can be grown rapidly on substrates with minimum dependence on soil, water, and climate conditions. This review summarises the current knowledge on methane-utilising bacteria as feed ingredients for animals. We present results from earlier work and recent findings concerning bacterial protein, including the production process, chemical composition, effects on nutrient digestibility, metabolism, and growth performance in several monogastric species, including pigs, broiler chickens, mink (Mustela vison), fox (Alopex lagopus), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). It is concluded that bacterial meal (BM) derived from natural gas fermentation, utilising a bacteria culture containing mainly the methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath), is a promising source of protein based on criteria such as amino acid composition, digestibility, and animal performance and health. Future research challenges include modified downstream processing to produce value-added products, and improved understanding of factors contributing to nutrient availability and animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareth Øverland
- Aquaculture Protein Centre, CoE, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway.
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