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Mazhar S, Simon A, Colom J, Khokhlova E, Buckley M, Phipps C, Deaton J, Rea K. Acute physiological effects on macromolecule digestion following oral ingestion of the enzyme blend Elevase® in individuals that had undergone an ileostomy, but were otherwise healthy-a randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled exploratory study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1357803. [PMID: 39091678 PMCID: PMC11292951 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1357803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive enzymes can selectively degrade proteins, carbohydrates and lipids; and their supplementation alongside food may accelerate the breakdown of complex food matrices, facilitate greater nutrient absorption, decrease food sensitivities and aid in the management of certain disease states. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors govern food digestion and for every individual this phenomenon is unique. This study was conducted as a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled design where each participant served as their own control. This post-hoc analysis investigated the impact of a dietary enzyme supplementation blend known as Elevase® on dietary macromolecule digestion in samples from otherwise healthy participants that had previously undergone a small bowel resection, resulting in an ileostomy (NCT04489810). This is the first time this study-paradigm has been used for the assessment of in vivo dietary breakdown following enzyme supplementation. Arguably, this technique offers superior data when compared to that generated in artificial gut digestion models, preclinical animal models, or indeed conventional clinical studies using stool analyses, as it allows real-time access to samples in situ in the small intestine where the majority of nutritional absorption takes place. It was demonstrated that after 4 h, Elevase® significantly increased monosaccharide levels (predominantly glucose and fructose) in the ileostomy samples taken from the same individuals on the same diet on a different day. In addition, the bile salt taurohyodeoxycholic acid was also increased, suggesting a physiological host response to the macromolecule digestion induced by the enzymatic blend. Overall, these findings suggest Elevase® could accelerate food digestion and potentially increase nutrient availability from the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Simon
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - John Deaton
- ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Kieran Rea
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Vasconcelos MMM, Marson GV, Rioux LE, Tamigneaux E, Turgeon SL, Beaulieu L. In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Proteins and Bioactive Compounds of Wild and Cultivated Seaweeds from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:102. [PMID: 36827143 PMCID: PMC9964403 DOI: 10.3390/md21020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased interest in macroalgae protein and fibers, little information is available on their bioaccessibility. The application of an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model to study the degree of disintegration and release of proteins with expressed bioactivities from wild and cultivated Palmaria palmata and Saccharina latissima was proposed in this study. Macroalgae from the Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada, were submitted to digestive transit times of 2 (oral), 60 (gastric) and 120 (duodenal) minutes. Among wild samples, P. palmata had a higher percentage of disintegration, protein release and degree of hydrolysis than S. latissima. While the least digested sample, wild S. latissima, was the sample with the highest antioxidant activity (210 μmol TE g-1), the most digested sample, cultivated P. palmata, presented the highest ability to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), reaching 32.6 ± 1.2% at 3 mg mL-1. ACE inhibitory activity increased from 1 to 3 mg mL-1, but not at 5 mg mL-1. Wild samples from both species showed an ACE inhibition around 27.5%. Data suggested that the disintegration of the samples was influenced by their soluble and insoluble fiber contents. Further information on the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of these macroalgae should consider the characterization of digestion products other than protein, as well as the effects of previous product processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M. M. Vasconcelos
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Fishing Engineering, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Universitário da Ininga, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Gabriela V. Marson
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurie-Eve Rioux
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eric Tamigneaux
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Merinov, École des pêches et de l’aquaculture du Québec (ÉPAQ), Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Iles, 6 rue du Parc, Grande-Rivière, QC G0C 1V0, Canada
| | - Sylvie L. Turgeon
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Smits CH, Annison G. Non-starch plant polysaccharides in broiler nutrition – towards a physiologically valid approach to their determination. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps19960016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coen H.M. Smits
- CLO Institute for Animal Nutrition De Schothorst, Meerkoetenweg 26, 8218 NA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Geoffrey Annison
- CSIRO Division of Human Nutrition, Glenthorne Laboratory, Majors Road, O'Halloran Hill, SA 5158, Australia
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Pustjens AM, de Vries S, Gerrits WJJ, Kabel MA, Schols HA, Gruppen H. Residual carbohydrates from in vitro digested processed rapeseed ( Brassica napus ) meal. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8257-63. [PMID: 22800181 DOI: 10.1021/jf301160m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed meal (RSM) was subjected to different physical or chemical pretreatments to decrease residual, hard to degrade carbohydrates and to improve fermentability of RSM polysaccharides. Next, these pretreated samples were in vitro digested and fermented, with or without the addition of commercial pectinolytic enzymes. Remaining carbohydrates were quantified, and two physical characteristics were analyzed: (1) water-binding capacity (WBC) of the insoluble residue and (2) viscosity of the soluble fraction. Mild acid pretreatment in combination with commercial pectinolytic enzyme mixtures showed best digestion of RSM carbohydrates; only 32% of the total carbohydrate content remained. For most pretreatments, addition of commercial pectinolytic enzymes had the strongest effect on lowering the WBC of the in vitro incubated RSM. In the cases that less carbohydrate remained after in vitro digestion, the WBC of the residue decreased, and less gas seems to be produced during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M Pustjens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Choi I, Han OK, Chun J, Kang CS, Kim KH, Kim YK, Cheong YK, Park TI, Choi JS, Kim KJ. Hydration and Pasting Properties of Oat (Avena sativa) Flour. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2012; 17:87-91. [PMID: 24471068 PMCID: PMC3866768 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2012.17.1.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Three oat cultivars and one oat breeding line were evaluated for chemical, hydration and pasting properties. Protein, starch and β-glucan levels ranged 11.13∼14.37, 56.37∼64.86 and 3.44∼4.76%, respectively. The oat cultivars Daeyang and Seonyang contained higher β-glucan levels of 4.76 and 4.35%. The Daeyang variety had a higher water absorption index (WAI) of 2.83∼3.35 (g/g), but a lower water solubility index (WSI) of 8.67 ∼11.08%. Daeyang and Seonyang cultivars showed higher peak and trough viscosity, but lower breakdown and setback, indicating that they easily swell, and thus could possibly provide the desirable viscosity of an oat product. The β-glucan levels were correlated positively with WAI, peak and trough viscosity, and negatively to WSI, breakdown and setback viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Induck Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Jeonbuk 570-080, Korea
| | - Ok-Kyu Han
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Jeonbuk 570-080, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Chun
- Dept. Food Science and Technology, Suncheon National University, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Chon-Sik Kang
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Jeonbuk 570-080, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Jeonbuk 570-080, Korea
| | - Yang-Kil Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Jeonbuk 570-080, Korea
| | | | - Tae-Il Park
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Jeonbuk 570-080, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Jeonbuk 570-080, Korea
| | - Kee-Jong Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Jeonbuk 570-080, Korea
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Digestion rate of dietary starch affects the systemic circulation of lipid profiles and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in weaned pigs. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:369-77. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of digestion rate of dietary starch on postprandial systemic circulating glucose, insulin and lipid profiles, and the activity and gene expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in weaned pigs. A total of twenty-four weaned pigs, surgically fitted with a catheter in the jugular vein, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups, representing the high digestion rate starch (HDRS) group, the moderate-digestion rate starch (MDRS) group and the low-digestion rate starch (LDRS) group. The amylopectin:amylose ratios in the diets of each group were 27·6:1, 27·6:8·5 and 1:27·6, respectively. The serum concentrations of glucose, TAG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in the HDRS group were increased to the peak point at postprandial 1·5, 2·5, 2·5, 1·5 and 1·5 h, those in the MDRS group were at postprandial 2·5, 3·5, 3·5, 3·5 and 3·5 h and those in the LDRS group were at postprandial 2·5, 3·5, 3·5, 1·5 and 3·5 h, respectively. The serum concentration of insulin in the HDRS group was higher (P < 0·05) than those in the MDRS group, and those in the MDRS group was also higher (P < 0·05) than those in the LDRS group at postprandial 0·5, 1·5 and 2·5 h, respectively. The serum concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate in the HDRS group were higher (P < 0·05) than those in the MDRS group, and those in the MDRS group were higher (P < 0·05) than in the LDRS group in each feeding cycle, in turn, respectively. The activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver and abdominal adipose tissues, that of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the myocardium and interscapular brown adipose tissues and that of the ATP-citrate lyase (ATP-CL) in the liver and interscapular brown adipose tissues in pigs of the HDRS group were higher (P < 0·05) than that of the MDRS group. The mRNA levels of FAS in the myocardium, liver and interscapular brown adipose tissues of pigs in the HDRS group were higher (P < 0·05) than those of the MDRS group. The activities and mRNA levels of FAS, ACC and ATP-CL in the myocardium, liver, abdominal and interscapular brown adipose tissues of the HDRS group were higher than those of the LDRS group. We conclude that the digestion rate of dietary starch affected not only the postprandial systemic circulating levels of glucose and insulin but also the lipid metabolism in weaned pigs. Dietary starch with higher digestion rate produces higher blood glucose and insulin response, ameliorates the blood lipid profiles and up-regulates the activity and gene expression profile of lipid metabolism-related genes in weaned pigs.
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Gray D, Abdel-Aal ESM, Seetharaman K, Kakuda Y. Differences in viscosity and textural properties of selected barley cultivars as influenced by pearling and cooking. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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de Escalada Pla MF, Uribe M, Fissore EN, Gerschenson LN, Rojas AM. Influence of the isolation procedure on the characteristics of fiber-rich products obtained from quince wastes. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hydration Properties of Dietary Fibre and Resistant Starch: a European Collaborative Study. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/fstl.1999.0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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FEMENIA A, LEFEBVRE AC, THEBAUDIN JY, ROBERTSON J, BOURGEOIS CM. Physical and Sensory Properties of Model Foods Supplemented with Cauliflower Fiber. J Food Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb15426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thibault JF, Renard CMGC, Guillon F. Physical and Chemical Analysis of Dietary Fibres in Sugar Beet and Vegetables. VEGETABLES AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-84830-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Fredstrom SB, Lampe JW, Jung HJ, Slavin JL. Apparent fiber digestibility and fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations with ingestion of two types of dietary fiber. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1994; 18:14-9. [PMID: 8164297 DOI: 10.1177/014860719401800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of dietary fiber fermentation. As such, fiber digestibility is thought to be related to SCFA production. The effects of two concentrations of cereal fiber as wheat bran (WB) and vegetable fiber (VF) on fiber digestibility were examined in 34 free-living volunteers. Five diets consisting of a fiber-free liquid nutrition supplement and quick breads containing either (1) 0 g of fiber, (2) 10 g of WB, (3) 30 g of WB, (4) 10 g of VF, or (5) 30 g of VF were consumed in random order. Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined. Colonic fluid, collected by in vivo dialysis in 9 subjects, was analyzed for SCFAs by gas chromatography. Digestibility of NDF was greater with WB than with VF ingestion in those 9 subjects, but digestibility was not different with ingestion of both fibers when all 34 subjects were considered. No effect of intake level was seen with either WB or VF. Fiber ingestion increased acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations above those on the 0 g of fiber diet (43%, 31%, and 90%, respectively; p < .0001). Propionate and butyrate concentrations were greater on WB than VF (p < .01); acetate concentrations were similar with both fibers. No correlation between NDF digestibility and SCFA concentrations was observed. Despite differences in origin, chemistry, particle size, and subject transit time, the WB and VF were similar in NDF fermentability. Molar ratios of specific SCFAs were influenced by type of fiber ingested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Fredstrom
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, St. Paul 55108
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Cherbut C, Salvador V, Barry JL, Doulay F, Delort-Laval J. Dietary fibre effects on intestinal transit in man: involvement of their physicochemical and fermentative properties. Food Hydrocoll 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-005x(09)80281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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