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Ahmad AK, Alhamdan FG, Sadiq M. Combined medical and surgical approach in the management of ligneous conjunctivitis in a pediatric patient: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 110:108568. [PMID: 37639967 PMCID: PMC10509789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ligneous conjunctivitis (LC), a rare chronic conjunctivitis linked to plasminogen deficiency, poses challenges in research and management due to its complexity. This case report details the combined medical and surgical approach in managing LC in a 1.5-year-old female with congenital hydrocephalus, plasminogen deficiency, and glaucoma. CASE PRESENTATION The patient's LC required a comprehensive treatment plan involving systemic and topical therapies, surgical intervention, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infusions via a central line. DISCUSSION Managing LC necessitates a comprehensive, individualized approach due to its rarity and lack of standardized treatments. Various therapies have shown promise, but their availability, cost, and potential side effects vary. FFP infusions played a crucial role in managing plasminogen deficiency, but the potential complications associated with central lines must be considered. Ongoing clinical trials aim to improve LC treatment, but until results are available, clinicians must rely on existing evidence and clinical judgment. CONCLUSION This case underscores the complexity of managing LC and the significance of adopting an individualized treatment strategy. Regular follow-ups are crucial for flexibility and adaptability in treatment plans to address potential recurrences. Further research is necessary to validate these findings and assess the long-term effectiveness of the combined approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah K Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Abdulrahman Albahar Eye Center, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait.
| | - Faisal G Alhamdan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Abdulrahman Albahar Eye Center, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Sadiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, Abdulrahman Albahar Eye Center, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait
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New Insights Into the Indications for Intestinal Transplantation: Consensus in the Year 2019. Transplantation 2020; 104:937-946. [PMID: 31815899 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2001, a Statement was published that described indications for intestinal transplantation in patients with intestinal failure expected to require parenteral nutrition indefinitely. Since 2001, advances in the management of intestinal failure including transplantation and patient survival, both on extended parenteral nutrition and after transplantation, have improved, leading to a reduction in the number of intestinal transplants worldwide from a peak of 270 per year in 2008 to 149 per year in 2017. These changes suggest that the original 2001 Statement requires reassessment. All patients with permanent intestinal failure should be managed by dedicated multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation teams. Under care of these teams, patients should be considered for intestinal transplantation in the event of progressive intestinal failure-associated liver disease, progressive loss of central vein access, and repeated life-threatening central venous catheter-associated infections requiring critical care. Additional indications for transplantation include large desmoid tumors and other intra-abdominal tumors with reasonable expectation of posttransplant cure, extensive mesenteric vein thrombosis and intestinal infarction, total intestinal aganglionosis, and nonrecoverable congenital secretory diarrhea. Quality of life typically improves after successful intestinal transplantation and may support the decision to proceed with transplantation when other indications are present. However, the requirement for life-long immunosuppression and its associated side effects preclude intestinal transplantation if motivated only by an expectation of improved quality of life. Increasing experience with intestinal transplantation and critical appraisal of transplant outcomes including graft survival and patient quality of life together with potential advances in immunosuppression can be expected to influence transplant practices in the future.
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Miranda CTCBCD, Fagundes DJ, Miranda ED, Simões RS, Taha MO. The role of ischemic preconditioning in gene expression related to inflammation in a rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 33:1095-1102. [PMID: 30624515 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180120000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the gene expression related to inflammation on mice subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and treated with ischemic preconditioning (IPC). METHODS Thirty rats (EPM-Wistar), distributed in five groups of six animals each, were underwent anesthesia and laparotomy. The ischemia time was standardized in 60 minutes and the reperfusion time 120 minutes. IPC was standardized in 5 minutes of ischemia followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion accomplished before I/R. The control group was submitted only to anesthesia and laparotomy. The other groups were submitted to ischemia, I/R, ischemia + IPC and I/R + IPC. It was collected a small intestine sample to analyses by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in real Time (RT-qPCR) and histological analyses. It was studied 27 genes. RESULTS The groups that received IPC presented downregulation of genes, observed in of genes in IPC+ischemia group and IPC+I/R group. Data analysis by clusters showed upregulation in I/R group, however in IPC groups occurred downregulation of genes related to inflammation. CONCLUSION The ischemia/reperfusion promoted upregulation of genes related to inflammation, while ischemic preconditioning promoted downregulation of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Djalma José Fagundes
- PhD, Full Professor, Division of Surgical Techniques and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. Manuscript preparation and writing
| | - Edinaldo de Miranda
- PhD, Assistant Professor, Medical School, UESPI, Teresina-PI, Brazil. Acquisition of data, manuscript preparation and writing
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- PhD, Department of Morphology and Genetic, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Manuscript preparation and writing
| | - Murched Omar Taha
- PhD, Associated Professor, Surgical Technique and Experimental Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Manuscript preparation, final approval
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Dumronggittigule W, Marcus EA, DuBray BJ, Venick RS, Dutson E, Farmer DG. Intestinal failure after bariatric surgery: Treatment and outcome at a single-intestinal rehabilitation and transplant center. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15:98-108. [PMID: 30658947 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though intestinal failure (IF) after bariatric surgery (BS) is uncommon, its prevalence is increasing. However, data on the outcomes for these patients are limited. OBJECTIVES To analyze the outcomes of treatment for patients with IF after BS. SETTING University hospital. METHODS A single-center analysis (1991-2016) of outcomes according to treatment arms established by a multidisciplinary team. RESULTS Twenty-five IF patients were identified (median age 45 yr). BS was 92% Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The major cause of IF was volvulus/internal hernia (72%). Median time from BS to IF was 48 months. Treatment arms were intestinal rehabilitation (IR, n = 15), transplantation (TXP, n = 5), and parenteral nutrition (PN, n = 5). For IR, median bowel length was 60 cm. Forty-six percent ultimately discontinued PN. Twenty-seven percent were partially weaned PN and 27% failed IR. Common surgical rehabilitation was Roux-en-Y gastric bypass reversal and restoration of gastrointestinal continuity. The 5-year overall survival was 74%. For TXP, 7 patients were listed for TXP (5 initially and 2 after failed IR). Three underwent TXP, 2 isolated intestine and 1 isolated liver. Three were delisted (1 improvement and 2 death). For PN, 6 patients required long-term PN (5 initially and 1 after failed IR). Four patients are alive currently. CONCLUSIONS IF after BS is an increasing problem facing IR centers. Internal hernia is the major cause. Surgical IR is the first-line therapy and affords the best outcome. TXP is reserved for rescuing patients who failed IR or develop PN complications. Long-term PN is suitable for patients in whom IR or TXP is impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wethit Dumronggittigule
- The Dumont UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery Unit, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Elizabeth A Marcus
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bernard J DuBray
- The Dumont UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert S Venick
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery Unit, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Erik Dutson
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Douglas G Farmer
- The Dumont UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Radiologic features of pancreatic and biliary complications following composite visceral transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 40:1961-70. [PMID: 25549783 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small bowel transplantation is a surgical technique reserved for patients with end-stage intestinal failure. Despite its inherent technical difficulties, it has emerged as the standard of care for these patients. This article reviews the background and different surgical techniques for this procedure and then fully describes the spectrum of imaging findings of pancreatic and biliary complications, which have a prevalence of up to 17%, after this procedure based on 23-year single-center experience. The pancreaticobiliary complications encountered in our experience and discussed in this article include: ampullary stenosis, biliary cast, choledocholithiasis, bile leak, recurrent cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic duct fistula. Familiarity with the broad spectrum of PB complications and their variable manifestations will help radiologists to accurately diagnose these complications which have relatively high morbidity and mortality in these immune-compromised patients.
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Ischemic preconditioning and atenolol on lung injury after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:1862-6. [PMID: 25131055 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluate the beta blocker atenolol (AT) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) strategies for tissue protection against systemic effects of intestinal ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) injury. Forty-two rats were pretreated with AT (1.5 mg · kg(-1)), 0.9% saline solution (SS; 0.1 mL), or IPC and then subjected to prolonged occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 minutes leading to I followed or not by 120 minutes of R, according to the group. For IPC, 5 minutes of I prior to 10 minutes of R were established. After this process of I or I-R, the right lung of each animal was adequately prepared for staining with hematoxylin and eosin and subsequent histologic analysis for quantification of inflammatory infiltrate was done. The left lung was frozen and prepared for assessment of oxidative stress by the quantification of thiobarbituric acid-reactivity substances (TBARS). Histologic analysis showed an important inflammatory infiltrate in the I-R + SS (I-R + SS = 4.5), which was significantly (P < .05) reduced by IPC (I-R + IPC = 3.0) or AT (I-R + AT = 3.0). Likewise, the TBARS levels were decreased by both strategies (I-R + SS = 0.63; I-R + IPC = 0.23; I-R + AT = 0.38; P < .05). Our results showed that AT and IPC attenuate pulmonary lesions caused by intestinal I and R process.
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Montero MF, Saurim R, Bonservizi WGS, Koike MK, Taha MO. Heart injury following intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats is attenuated by association of ischemic preconditioning and adenosine. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29 Suppl 2:67-71. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8650201400140013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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The Protective Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning Associated With Altered Gene Expression Profiles in Intestinal Grafts After Reperfusion. J Surg Res 2009; 153:340-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rickenbacher A, Seiler R, Honegger U, Shaw SG, Balsiger BM. Role of β1-, β2-, and β3-adrenoceptors in contractile hypersensitivity in a model of small bowel transplantation. Surgery 2008; 143:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2007.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Piraccini E, Zanzani C, Caporossi E, Siniscalchi A, Dante A, Serri T, Faenza S. Intraoperative Coagulation Monitoring and Small Bowel Transplantation: A Way to Explore. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:823-5. [PMID: 16647483 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of coagulation disorders during intestinal transplantation is getting more important for a correct anesthetic management. Both a condition of hypocoagulation and hypercoagulation can happen during the intraoperative course. Thromboelastography (TEG), a test on whole blood coagulation, allows measurement of different phases of coagulation function. The aims of our study were to evaluate coagulation derangements during bowel transplantation using TEG. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured cold ischemia time in 19 patients who underwent general anesthesia for intestinal transplantation. We measured five TEG indicators (R, K, angle, MA, CL50) at defined intervals: dissection phase (T1), vascular anastomosis phase (T2), 30' (T3) and 120' (T4) after reperfusion during the intestinal reconstruction. RESULTS We found a statistically significant difference between MA measured at T1 versus T3 and T4. There was no significant relation between MA derangements and ischemia time. CONCLUSIONS Patients showed hypocoagulation pattern during all periods. MA indicator variation between the initial value and the value after reperfusion may relate to release of hypocoagulation factors. We observed important coagulation derangements during small bowel transplantation, particularly on platelet function after graft reperfusion. The derangements did not depend on ischemia time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Piraccini
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liver and Multiorgan Transplant Unit, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Wang SF, Liang Q, Li GW, Gao K. Gene expression profile in rat small intestinal allografts after cold preservation/reperfusion. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:885-9. [PMID: 15682487 PMCID: PMC4250603 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i6.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the changes of gene expression profile in small intestinal allografts in rats after cold preservation/reperfusion, and to identify the genes relevant to cold preservation/reperfusion injury.
METHODS: Heterotopic segmental small bowel transpla-ntation was performed in six rats with a sham operation and they were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from the allografts (experimental group) and normal intestines (control group) 1 h after cold preservation/reperfusion, and then purified to mRNA, which was then reversely transcribed to cDNA, and labeled with fluorescent Cy5-dUTP and Cy3-dUTP to prepare hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to the cDNA microarray. After high-stringent washing, the fluorescent signals on cDNA microarray chip were scanned and analyzed.
RESULTS: Among the 4 096 target genes, 82 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two groups. There were 18 novel genes, 33 expression sequence tags, and 31 previously reported genes. The selected genes may be divided into four classes: genes modulating cellular adhesion, genes regulating cellular energy, glucose and protein metabolism, early response genes and other genes.
CONCLUSION: A total of 82 genes that may be relevant to cold preservation/reperfusion injury in small intestinal allografts are identified. Abnormal adhesion between polymorphonuclears and endothelia and failure in energy, glucose and protein metabolism of the grafts may contribute to preservation/reperfusion injury. The functions of the novel genes identified in our study need to be clarified further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Feng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Dindelegan G, Oltean M, Kurlberg G, Lycke N, Nilsson O, Olausson M. Accelerated acute rejection of the intestinal graft in CD28-Deficient mice. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:82-6. [PMID: 15808555 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple in vivo studies have shown that the pace and severity of graft rejection is little or not at all changed by deleting CD28 molecules in the recipient. These findings contrast with the effects of monoclonal antibody therapy aimed the same costimulatory target. The objective of the present study was to evaluate how the acute rejection process is affected in CD28-deficient mice using a fully allogeneic, highly immunologically reactive transplant model. METHODS Heterotopic vascularized small bowel transplants were performed in 24 recipient mice divided into 4 groups: 2 wild-type and 2 knockout groups. Each group consisted of 5 to 7 animals in which BalbC mice were used as intestinal donors to either wild-type C57BL6 or C57BL6 background CD28-deficient recipient mice. Selected endpoints were 3 and 6 postoperative days (POD). Intestinal rejection was evaluated by mucosal laser Doppler flowmetry (expressed in perfusion units) and histology (expressed in rejection grades). RESULTS Acute rejection occurred in both wild-type and CD28-deficient groups. At POD 3, no significant difference was noted between groups in terms of mucosal perfusion and histology. At POD 6, significant differences in graft mucosal perfusion and histology revealed a more aggressive rejection in the CD28-deficient group compared to the wild-type group. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the severity of intestinal graft rejection responses was amplified by deleting CD28 molecules. Together with data from other studies, these results suggest a different pattern of distribution and/or activation of CD28/B7 receptors in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dindelegan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Kato T, Gaynor JJ, Selvaggi G, Mittal N, Thompson J, McLaughlin GE, Nishida S, Moon J, Levi D, Madariaga J, Ruiz P, Tzakis A. Intestinal transplantation in children: a summary of clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in 108 patients from a single center. J Gastrointest Surg 2005; 9:75-89; discussion 89. [PMID: 15623448 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2004.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We performed 124 intestinal transplants on 108 children (median age, 1.5 years) since 1994. Initial graft types included isolated intestine (I) (n=26), liver and intestine (LI) (n=26), multivisceral (MV) (n=50), and multivisceral without liver (MMV) (n=6). Four groups were defined by type of induction therapy: none, OKT3, or cyclophosphamide (August 1994-December 1997, n=25), early experience with daclizumab (January 1998-December 2000, n=26), recent experience with daclizumab (January 2001-April 2004, n=40), and Campath-1H (January 2001-April 2004, n=17). Actuarial patient survival at 1 year for groups 1-4 was 44%+/-10%, 54%+/-10%, 83%+/-6%, and 41%+/-12%, respectively, with group 3 having the most favorable survival (P=0.0004). Using Cox stepwise regression, the hazard rate of developing severe rejection was significantly higher in patients with transplant type I or LI (P=0.0002), with no difference between these groups (P=0.24) but a significantly higher rate for LI versus MV (P=0.005). Three factors associated with improved patient survival were recipient of MV or MMV (P=0.008), age at transplantation greater than 1 year (P=0.01), and use of daclizumab (P=0.0006). Cause-specific hazard analysis revealed a decreased rate of rejection-related mortality for recipients of MV or MMV (P=0.0007), whereas age greater than 1 year indicated a lower rate of infection-related mortality (P=0.0009). Pediatric intestinal transplantation provides an increasingly realistic chance of survival, particularly with the more recent use of daclizumab and multivisceral transplantation. A protective effect of multivisceral transplantation appears to exist with respect to the development of severe rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kato
- Division of Transplantation, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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Abstract
Multivisceral transplantation is defined as the en bloc transplantation of three or more abdominal organs. Although multivisceral transplant recipients do not yet enjoy the same survival rates as renal and liver transplant recipients, this procedure can be life saving and has shown improvements in survival rates over time. Advances in immunosuppression hold promise for the future of multivisceral transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Jacque
- Division of Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplantation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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