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Krogdahl Å, Jaramillo-Torres A, Ahlstrøm Ø, Chikwati E, Aasen IM, Kortner TM. Protein value and health aspects of the seaweeds Saccharina latissima and Palmaria palmata evaluated with mink as model for monogastric animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Production and Optimization of Hermetia illucens (L.) Larvae Reared on Food Waste and Utilized as Feed Ingredient. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12239864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The feed sector requires new sustainable sources of protein, and at the same time better waste management practices are required to decrease and upcycle post-consumers’ food waste (catering and organic household waste), which is currently used for energy production or discharged as waste. The production of Hermetia illucens larvae (L.) (BSFL) was conducted in 15 batches at pilot scale. Furthermore, a feeding strategy experiment was conducted to optimize feedings and decrease handling, followed by a digestibility study for assessing the applicability of BSFL as a feed ingredient. About 190 kg of food waste was used to produce 79 kg of BSFL. The bioconversion of food waste into BSFL was found to be highly efficient, with feed conversion rate (FCR) values ranging between 1.7 and 3.6, when assessed on dry matter. The feeding experiment showed similar BSFL and insect frass production as well as similar FCR, revealing that a decrease in handling can be obtained if two feeding episodes are used. The digestibility of protein and fat was high at 86.2 and 90.4% and revealed that BSFL meal can be successfully used as a protein and fat source in feed for carnivore animals outside the food chain (e.g., pet food).
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Tjernsbekk MT, Tauson AH, Matthiesen CF, Ahlstrøm Ø. Amino acid availability of protein meals of different quality for adult and growing mink ( Neovison vison). Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 74:72-86. [PMID: 31591916 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1667711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein and amino acid (AA) availability of three protein meals of expected different quality were evaluated in young growing and adult mink. Lamb meal (LM), poultry meal (PM) or fishmeal (FM) were used as main protein sources in three extruded diets investigated by determining apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and nitrogen balance in 12 growing mink males aged 8-11 weeks in a Latin square design. In adult mink, ATTD of the diets was determined. The diets had lower protein content than recommended for growing mink, protein contributing 23% of total metabolisable energy (ME), to ensure differences in growth response. The LM diet with expected low protein quality revealed lower content of essential AA than the PM and FM diets. The ATTD of major nutrients and essential AA was significantly affected by diet, with the poorest values for LM, intermediate for PM and the highest values for FM. Mink kits revealed lower ATTD values than adults for protein, AA and especially fat, resulting in lower dietary ME content for kits than for adults. The mean difference was greatest for the LM diet with lowest ATTD and smallest for the FM diet with the highest ATTD. Nitrogen retention and growth rate differed significantly among diets and was lowest for diet LM and highest for diet FM, respectively. Different dietary essential AA contents and ATTD, especially of methionine, were the main factors to explain the difference in growth response. Generally, plasma essential AA concentrations did not clearly reflect the different dietary supply and the different growth response. The study shows that a recommended level of 0.31 g apparent total tract digestible methionine per MJ ME covers the minimum requirement with a safety margin. To obtain optimal growth, the lower digestive capacity in young mink kits should be considered when choosing feed ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Therese Tjernsbekk
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne-Helene Tauson
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Connie Frank Matthiesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Øystein Ahlstrøm
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Marx FR, Ahlstrøm Ø, Trevizan L, Kessler ADM. Determination of endogenous fat loss and true total tract digestibility of fat in mink (Neovison vison). Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 73:67-73. [PMID: 30463437 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1545501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the endogenous fat loss (EFL) and to calculate true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of fat in mink (Neovison vison) using soybean oil-based diets with different fat levels. In the digestibility assay, four diets with 6.30%, 13.9%, 22.0% and 34.0% fat in dry matter were used. Sixteen adult male mink were distributed in a complete randomised design. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dietary fat was 90.8%, 95.9%, 96.9% and 97.8%, respectively. The apparent total digestible fat was linearly related to dietary fat intake (r2 = 0.99). The EFL was estimated from the slope of the regression equation and was determined to be 5.09 g/kg DM intake. The TTTD of soybean oil was determined to be 99.3%. Therefore, TTTD values will have negligible impact in feed formulation as they are close to ATTD values with the dietary fat levels normally used for mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Ritter Marx
- a Department of Animal Science , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Øystein Ahlstrøm
- b Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Ås , Norway
| | - Luciano Trevizan
- a Department of Animal Science , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Mello Kessler
- a Department of Animal Science , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Enzyme pre-treatment of soybean meal: Effects on non-starch carbohydrates, protein, phytic acid, and saponin biotransformation and digestibility in mink ( Neovison vison ). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jiang Q, Li G, Zhang T, Zhang H, Gao X, Xing X, Yang F. Application of formulated diets and their effects on nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance of female mink (Neovison vison) during gestation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1271335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingkui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tietao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, People’s Republic of China
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Marx FR, Trevizan L, Ahlstrøm Ø, Kessler ADM. Soybean oil and beef tallow in dry extruded diets for adult dogs. Arch Anim Nutr 2015; 69:297-309. [PMID: 26107420 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2015.1058619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of two different fat sources (soybean oil (SO) and beef tallow (BT)) in dry extruded dog diets on the intake of food and metabolizable energy (ME), on faecal characteristics and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy. Ten adult dogs of different breeds were used in a Latin square design. Five experimental diets were designed from a basal diet. A Control diet was coated with 1% SO and four other diets were obtained by coating the basal diet with 6.5% and 13% of SO or BT. The Control, 6.5% and 13% coated diets contained approximately 8.5%, 15% and 20% fat, respectively. The dogs had similar dry matter (DM) intakes and, consequently, higher ME intakes with an increased fat content for both sources (p < 0.05). Fat digestibility was highest for Diet SO13% (p < 0.05). The ATTD of DM and organic matter was highest (p < 0.05) for Diets SO13% and BT13%. Fat coating improved the faecal score, especially for Diet BT13%. The dietary ratios of protein:fat:carbohydrate [% of ME] were close to AAFCO's estimates. For SO a higher ATTD (99.1%) and ME content (38.88 MJ/kg) was estimated than for BT (ATTD 92.9% and 36.37 MJ ME/kg). Both SO and BT can comprise up to 13% of the diet. However, SO was more susceptible to leaking from the kibbles with the coating method applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Ritter Marx
- a Department of Animal Science , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Jiang Q, Li G, Zhang T, Zhang H, Gao X, Xing X, Zhao J, Yang F. Effects of dietary protein level on nutrients digestibility and reproductive performance of female mink ( Neovison vison) during gestation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:65-69. [PMID: 29766985 PMCID: PMC5884473 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance of pregnant mink (Neovison vison) were affected by different dietary protein levels. One hundred and twenty female mink were randomly assigned to four groups, receiving diets of fresh material with different protein levels. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter (DM), were 32, 36, 40 and 44% respectively. These values corresponded to average 320, 360, 400 and 440 g protein/kg DM, respectively. Results were as follows. All of crude protein digestibility, nitrogen (N) intake, N retention increased along with dietary protein level increasing. Low protein level (32%) significantly reduced the above indicators (P < 0.05). DM digestibility and ether extract digestibility were not affected by dietary protein level. Results of mated females, barren females, kids per litter, live born kids per mated female, birth survival rate, and birth weight showed that mink achieved optimal reproductive performance when dietary protein level was 36%. In conclusion, dietary protein was anticipated to significantly influence some nutrients' utilization. Adopting the appropriate dietary protein level allow better reproduction performance. The most preferable reproductive performance was achieved when diet contained 275.5 g digestible protein per kg DM for female mink in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Tietao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Jiaping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Fuhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
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Tjernsbekk MT, Tauson AH, Ahlstrøm Ø. Ileal, colonic and total tract nutrient digestibility in dogs (Canis familiaris) compared with total tract digestibility in mink (Neovison vison). Arch Anim Nutr 2014; 68:245-61. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2014.915137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang H, Yu M, Li G, Zhang T, Wang K, Zhao J, Yang F. Effects of Different Protein Concentration on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion and N-balance of Growing Minks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2013.631.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Oterhals Å, Kvamme B. Optimization of an oil leaching process to reduce the level of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in fishmeal. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1649-1659. [PMID: 23172396 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fishmeal produced from fish caught in polluted fishing areas might contain dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) above maximum permitted levels (MPL) for use in feed. Decontamination of the fishmeal can be achieved by hexane extraction. The principal objective of this study was to optimize a more environmentally friendly alternative based on oil leaching of the moist presscake intermediate product during fishmeal manufacturing. RESULTS A central composite design and response surface methodology was used to study the influence of the process variables temperature (T), presscake moisture content (MC) and leaching time (LT) on the decontamination process. A significant squared MC effect was observed, resulting in an optimum leaching rate at 27% MC. This corresponds to 5% improved dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzo furan (PCDD/F)-PCB toxic equivalent (TEQ) reduction compared to normal presscake (55% MC). The initial leaching rate was fast, with a TEQ reduction of 69% after only 2 min at 87 °C and 55% MC. Under the best experimental conditions (87 °C, 38% MC, 12 min LT) a TEQ reduction of 82% was achieved. Excess oil in the presscake after the leaching operation could be removed by use of a water washing step. No reduction in protein quality measured by mink digestibility could be observed. CONCLUSION The results confirm that the oil leaching process is robust and offers easily achievable TEQ levels well below present MPLs based on process conditions normally used by the industry. Comparative effects on non-dioxin-like PCBs are expected.
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Zhang TT, Zhang ZQ, Gao XH, Yang FH, Xing XM. Effects of dietary protein levels on digestibility of nutrients and growth rate in young female mink (Mustela vison). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:271-7. [PMID: 22304242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated digestibilities of nutrients and feed efficiency in female mink at the different dietary protein levels during the mink growth period. Effects of dietary protein on growth performance of minks were also measured. Sixty 45-day-old healthy female minks were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups with 10 animals in each group. Animals were fed diets varying in protein levels: 28% (Group I), 30% (Group II), 32% (Group III), 34% (Group IV), 36% (Group V) and 38% (Group VI), respectively. The digestibilities of key nutrients were determined on Day 14 after initiating the experiment and the last 3 days. From the beginning of the study, body weight and feed intake were weighed and recorded every other week in order to calculate the average daily bodyweight gain and the feed efficiency. The trial had demonstrated that nitrogen intake was greatly significantly different, which was affected by dietary protein levels (p < 0.001). Growth performance of minks was impaired when dietary protein level was at 28%. When dietary protein level was at 34%, minks had the best daily gains, feed efficiency, and digestibilities of some key nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-T Zhang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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Zhang HH, Li GY, Ren EJ, Xing XM, Wu Q, Yang FH. Effects of diets with different protein and dl-methionine levels on the growth performance and N-balance of growing minks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 96:436-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clauss M, Kleffner H, Kienzle E. Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation. Zoo Biol 2010; 29:687-704. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Øverland M, Romarheim OH, Hovin M, Storebakken T, Skrede A. Apparent total tract digestibility of unprocessed and extruded diets containing basic and autolyzed bacterial protein meal grown on natural gas in mink and rainbow trout. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fink R, Tauson AH, Chwalibog A, Hansen NE. A first estimate of the amino acid requirement for milk production of the high-producing female mink (Mustela vison). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2006; 90:60-9. [PMID: 16422771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thirty mink dams nursing litters of six kits were assigned to one of three dietary treatments [high protein (HP), medium protein (MP) and low protein (LP)], fed ad libitum for 4 week from parturition, to investigate the effects of protein supply on milk yield and milk composition in order to estimate the amino acid requirement of the lactating mink. Twelve dams were held in an intensive care unit and subjected to balance experiments and the kits were injected with deuterium oxide to determine water kinetics and milk yield. Eighteen dams were kept under normal farm conditions but with feed intake of dams and live weight gain of kits being determined and milk samples collected. The ME intake was higher (p < 0.05) in dams fed the LP and MP diets than in dams fed the HP diet, whereas the amino acid intake (g/day) was lowest (p < 0.05) in dams fed the LP diet. In the third and fourth weeks of lactation milk yield was higher (p < 0.05) in dams fed the LP and MP diets than in dams fed the HP diet. Chemical composition of milk was not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatment. However, protein content tended (p = 0.06) to be lower in dams fed the LP diet. Amino acid content (g/16 g N) of milk was higher (p < 0.05) in dams fed the LP and MP diets than in dams fed the HP diet. This resulted in the highest (p < 0.05) amino acid intake and highest (p < 0.001) live weights of kits nursed by dams fed the LP and MP diets, which may be explained by a combined effect of higher ME intake and reduced energetic costs for glucose production through less amino acids being used in gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, the improved performance of dams fed the LP diet suggested that their requirement of essential amino acids and non-specific N were covered, and the requirement of digestible amino acids of lactating mink (kg(0.75)) was, thereby, estimated by use of a factorial approach including the amino acid excretion in milk of LP dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fink
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of diets containing protein at different levels and supplemented with dl-methionine, l-methionine and l-lysine in blue fox (Alopex lagopus). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(02)00029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effect of lactic acid fermentation of wheat and barley whole meal flour on carbohydrate composition and digestibility in mink (Mustela vison). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(01)00222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effect of heat treatment of soybean meal and fish meal on amino acid digestibility in mink and dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(00)00104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Digestibility of bacterial protein grown on natural gas in mink, pigs, chicken and Atlantic salmon. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(98)00208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rouvinen K, Khskinen T. High Dietary Ash Content Decreases Fat Digestibility in the Mink. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/00015129109439921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Slaughterhouse by-products preserved by Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation as feed for mink and foxes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(88)90003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Skrede A, Krogdahl A, Austreng E. Digestibility of amino acids in raw fish flesh and meat-and-bone meal for the chicken, fox, mink and rainbow trout. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR TIERPHYSIOLOGIE, TIERERNAHRUNG UND FUTTERMITTELKUNDE 1980; 43:92-101. [PMID: 7386056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1980.tb00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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