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Freitas CN, Castelo PM, Sousa KG, Alonso GC, Fonseca FLA, Klein MI, Barbosa TS. Educational strategies and atraumatic restorative treatment effect on salivary characteristics: A controlled clinical trial. Oral Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- CN Freitas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba Brazil
| | - PM Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)-Campus Diadema; Diadema Brazil
| | - KG Sousa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba Brazil
| | - GC Alonso
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara Dental School; Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - FLA Fonseca
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC); Santo André Brazil
| | - MI Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara Dental School; Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - TS Barbosa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba Brazil
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da Silva Bastos VDA, Freitas-Fernandes LB, Fidalgo TKDS, Martins C, Mattos CT, de Souza IPR, Maia LC. Mother-to-child transmission of Streptococcus mutans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2014; 43:181-91. [PMID: 25486222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A systematic review was performed with the aim of determining whether there is scientific evidence of the transmission of Streptococcus mutans from mother to child. DATA The eligibility criteria, based on the PECO strategy, were the following: observational human studies whose subjects were mother and child pairs (P) contaminated by S. mutans (E); comparison according to the presence or absence of S. mutans (C); and whether there is transmission (O). The qualitative analysis was performed by assessing the risk of bias of the included studies, while quantitative synthesis was performed through comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (p<0.05). SOURCES Two reviewers performed the database search of studies published between January 1950 and May 2014. The strategy included observational studies that assessed the vertical transmission of S. mutans from mothers to children through analyzing genetic strains. STUDY SELECTION It was found 166 non-duplicated studies. However, after reviewing the articles in full and applying the eligibility criteria, 36 papers were selected for qualitative analysis and 19 for quantitative analysis. The cumulative meta-analysis demonstrated vertical transmission of S. mutans from mother to child (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated evidence of vertical transmission of S. mutans from mother to child because there was an association between S. mutans n mothers and their respective children. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The knowledge of the S. mutans strains is important because the virulence of the microorganisms is varied; also, the virulence affects the dental caries evolution rate, being more or less aggressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria de Abreu da Silva Bastos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liana Bastos Freitas-Fernandes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Trindade Mattos
- Department of Dental Clinics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro de Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Genotypic diversity and virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans isolated from carious dentin after partial caries removal and sealing. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:165201. [PMID: 24578618 PMCID: PMC3918848 DOI: 10.1155/2014/165201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the genotypic diversity and virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans isolated from carious dentin before and after partial dentin caries removal (PDR) and sealing. Carious dentin samples were obtained three months before and after the PDR and cavity sealing. Up to seven isolates of each morphological type of S. mutans were selected and strain identity was confirmed using gtfB primer. Genotyping was performed by arbitrary primer-PCR (AP-PCR). Acidogenesis and acidurance of the genotypes were evaluated as virulence traits. A paired t-test and a Wilcoxon test were used to compare the virulence of genotypes. A total of 48 representative S. mutans isolates were genotyped (31 before and 17 after the sealing). At least one of the genotypes found before the sealing was also found on dentin after the sealing. The number of genotypes found before the sealing ranged from 2 to 3 and after the sealing from 1 to 2 genotypes. No difference was observed in the acidogenesis and acidurance between genotypes isolated before and after the sealing. In conclusion, genotypic diversity of S. mutans decreased after the PDR and sealing, but the virulence traits of S. mutans remained unchangeable.
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Katre AN, Damle S. Comparison of mutans streptococcal strains of father, mother, and child in indian families using chromosomal DNA fingerprinting. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:911-6. [PMID: 24685797 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is now understood and accepted that there is a direct transmission of mutans streptococci (MS) from the mother to the child. There is also a direct correlation between the levels of MS in the mother and the caries status of the child. Advanced technologies in molecular biology like chromosomal DNA fngerprinting have established beyond doubt that the mother and the child bear similar strains of MS. AIM A study was designed with the aim of comparing the MS strains between the father, mother and the child in Indian families. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 20 Indian families comprising of the father, mother and child were selected and divided into caries free and caries active groups. Mixed salivary samples were collected from the individuals and were cultured for the growth of Mutans streptococci. The colonies were counted on a colony counter and a comparison was made between the mutans streptococcal counts of the mother and the caries status of the child. Further, the genotypes of the father, mother and the child were isolated and compared using the technique of chromosomal DNA fngerprinting. Following electrophoresis, the band pattern obtained was compared for similarities or differences. The results of the same were tabulated and evaluated statistically. RESULTS When the colony counts of the mother (in CFU/ml) were compared with the 'dft' status of the child, a positive correlation was seen in group II. Intergroup comparison using the unpaired T test was statistically signifcant. Electrophoretic analysis of the chromosomal DNA on the agarose gels revealed identical band patterns in 13 mother-child pairs, which was statistically signifcant. Three of the father-child pairs showed identical band patterns, which was statistically signifcant. Intergroup comparison using Chi-square test was not statistically signifcant. CONCLUSION One may conclude that irrespective of the caries status of the child, majority of the mother child pairs share identical strains of MS and hence the mother is the primary source of infection. However, in children with a high dft, the father may also play an important role in the acquisition and transmission of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar N Katre
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sg Damle
- Vice Chancellor, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana Ambala, Haryana, India
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Doméjean S, Zhan L, DenBesten PK, Stamper J, Boyce WT, Featherstone JD. Horizontal transmission of mutans streptococci in children. J Dent Res 2010; 89:51-5. [PMID: 19918090 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509353400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has not been established whether transmission of mutans streptococci occurs between unrelated children older than 4 years of age. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible transmission of mutans streptococci genotypes from child to child in kindergarten. We studied 96 children (ages 5-6 yrs) in three San Francisco Bay Area public schools. Mutans streptococci colonies from each child were isolated from selective culture on Mitis Salivarius Sucrose Bacitracin agar. We used arbitrary primed polymerase chain reactions to determine the mutans streptococci genotypes. Two children (not siblings) in each of the three schools (6%) shared an identical amplitype of S. mutans, unique to each pair. The 19 S. sobrinus amplitypes were found in 12 children, and all were unique to each child. The presence of matching genotypes of S. mutans demonstrates horizontal transmission of this species between unrelated children aged 5-6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Doméjean
- Faculté d'Odontologie, EA3847, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zhang L, Foxman B, Drake DR, Srinivasan U, Henderson J, Olson B, Marrs CF, Warren JJ, Marazita ML. Comparative whole-genome analysis of Streptococcus mutans isolates within and among individuals of different caries status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:197-203. [PMID: 19416448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genotypic analyses of Streptococcus mutans using fingerprinting methods depend on a few genetic loci being different but do not reveal the underlying genome-wide differences between strains. METHODS We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) with 70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays containing open reading frames (ORFs) from S. mutans strain UA159 to examine the genetic diversity of 44 isolates from nine children selected from a local study population in Eastern Iowa. RESULTS Unique strains (clones) within each child initially identified by arbitrary-priming polymerase chain reaction were confirmed by CGH. There was a wide range of variation in the hybridization patterns of the 1948 ORFs among the test isolates examined. Between 87 and 237 ORFs failed to give a positive signal among individual isolates. A total of 323 of the UA159 ORFs were absent from one or more of the test strains. These 323 variable genes seemed to be distributed across the entire UA159 genome and across all the predicted functional categories. CONCLUSION This set of very close geographically and temporally collected S. mutans isolates had a degree of gene content variation as high as a previously examined global set of strains. Comparing the frequency of these variable genes, the majority of which have unknown function, among strains of different origins (i.e. different caries status) could help to determine their relevance in S. mutans cariogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Alves AC, Nogueira RD, Stipp RN, Pampolini F, Moraes ABA, Gonçalves RB, Höfling JF, Li Y, Mattos-Graner RO. Prospective study of potential sources of Streptococcus mutans transmission in nursery school children. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:476-481. [PMID: 19273644 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.005777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of Streptococcus mutans, a major dental caries pathogen, occurs mainly during the first 2.5 years of age. Children appear to acquire S. mutans mostly from their mothers, but few studies have investigated non-familial sources of S. mutans transmission. This study prospectively analysed initial S. mutans oral colonization in 119 children from nursery schools during a 1.5-year period and tracked the transmission from child to child, day-care caregiver to child and mother to child. Children were examined at baseline, when they were 5-13 months of age, and at 6-month intervals for determination of oral levels of S. mutans and development of caries lesions. Levels of S. mutans were also determined in caregivers and mothers. A total of 1392 S. mutans isolates (obtained from children, caregivers and mothers) were genotyped by arbitrarily primed PCR and chromosomal RFLP. Overall, 40.3 % of children were detectably colonized during the study, and levels of S. mutans were significantly associated with the development of caries lesions. Identical S. mutans genotypes were found in four nursery cohorts. No familial relationship existed in three of these cohorts, indicating horizontal transmission. Despite high oral levels of S. mutans identified in most of the caregivers, none of their genotypes matched those identified in the respective children. Only 50 % of children with high levels of S. mutans carried genotypes identified in their mothers. The results support previous evidence indicating that non-familial sources of S. mutans transmission exist, and indicate that this bacterium may be transmitted horizontally between children during the initial phases of S. mutans colonization in nursery environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruchele D Nogueira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Stipp
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Pampolini
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio B A Moraes
- Center of Treatment of Special Patients (CEPAE), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo B Gonçalves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José F Höfling
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tabchoury CPM, Sousa MCK, Arthur RA, Mattos-Graner RO, Del Bel Cury AA, Cury JA. Evaluation of genotypic diversity of Streptococcus mutans using distinct arbitrary primers. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 16:403-7. [PMID: 19082399 PMCID: PMC4327711 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572008000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans has been considered one of the main etiological agents of dental caries and the genotypic diversity rather than its salivary counts may be considered as a virulence factor of this bacterium. For genotyping with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with arbitrary primers, several primers have been used in order to improve complexity and specificity of amplicon patterns. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of agreement of genotypic identification among AP-PCR reactions performed with 5 distinct arbitrary primers of S. mutans isolated from saliva. Stimulated saliva was collected from 11 adult volunteers for isolation of S. mutans, and a total of 88 isolates were genotyped with arbitrary primers OPA 02, 03, 05, 13 and 18. Fourteen distinct genotypes were identified in the saliva samples. Most volunteers (9 out of 11) presented only one genotype. The results of the present study suggest that primers OPA 02, 03, 05 and 13 were suitable for genotypic identification of S. mutans isolates of saliva from adult volunteers.
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Arthur RA, Tabchoury CPM, Mattos-Graner RDO, Del Bel Cury AA, Paes Leme AF, Vale GC, Cury JA. Genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm formed in situ under sugar stress exposure. Braz Dent J 2009; 18:185-91. [PMID: 18176707 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402007000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ dental biofilm composition under sugar exposure is well known, but sugar effect on the genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm has not been explored. This study evaluated S. mutans genotypic diversity in dental biofilm formed in situ under frequent exposure to sucrose and its monosaccharide constituents (glucose and fructose). Saliva of 7 volunteers was collected for isolation of S. mutans and the same volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances, containing enamel slabs, which were submitted to the following treatments: distilled and deionized water (negative control), 10% glucose + 10% fructose (fermentable carbohydrates) solution or 20% sucrose (fermentable and EPS inductor) solution, 8x/day. After 3, 7 and 14 days, the biofilms were collected and S. mutans colonies were isolated. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) of S. mutans showed that salivary genotypes were also detected in almost all biofilm samples, independently of the treatment, and seemed to reflect those genotypes present at higher proportion in biofilms. In addition to the salivary genotypes, others were found in biofilms but in lower proportions and were distinct among treatment. The data suggest that the in situ model seems to be useful to evaluate genotypic diversity of S. mutans, but, under the tested conditions, it was not possible to clearly show that specific genotypes were selected in the biofilm due to the stress induced by sucrose metabolism or simple fermentation of its monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Kirchherr JL, Bowden GH, Richmond DA, Sheridan MJ, Wirth KA, Cole MF. Clonal diversity and turnover of Streptococcus mitis bv. 1 on shedding and nonshedding oral surfaces of human infants during the first year of life. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 12:1184-90. [PMID: 16210481 PMCID: PMC1247832 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.12.10.1184-1190.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mitis bv. 1 is a pioneer colonizer of the human oral cavity. Studies of its population dynamics within parents and their infants and within neonates have shown extensive diversity within and between subjects. We examined the genetic diversity and clonal turnover of S. mitis bv. 1 isolated from the cheeks, tongue, and primary incisors of four infants from birth to 1 year of age. In addition, we compared the clonotypes of S. mitis bv. 1 isolated from their mothers' saliva collected in parallel to determine whether the mother was the origin of the clones colonizing her infant. Of 859 isolates obtained from the infants, 568 were unique clones. Each of the surfaces examined, whether shedding or nonshedding, displayed the same degree of diversity. Among the four infants it was rare to detect the same clone colonizing more than one surface at a given visit. There was little evidence for persistence of clones, but when clones were isolated on multiple visits they were not always found on the same surface. A similar degree of clonal diversity of S. mitis bv. 1 was observed in the mothers' saliva as in their infants' mouths. Clones common to both infant and mothers' saliva were found infrequently suggesting that this is not the origin of the infants' clones. It is unclear whether mucosal immunity exerts the environmental pressure driving the genetic diversity and clonal turnover of S. mitis bv. 1, which may be mechanisms employed by this bacterium to evade immune elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Kirchherr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Ersin NK, Kocabas EH, Alpoz AR, Uzel A. Transmission of Streptococcus mutans in a group of Turkish families. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 19:408-10. [PMID: 15491468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the transmission of Streptococcus mutans in a group of Turkish families using AP-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. METHODS Eight mothers who had high S. mutans levels in unstimulated saliva and 8 children aged between 2 and 3 years participated in the study. Plaque samples from each child were collected with the tips of sterile toothpicks for S. mutans counts. Although not part of the original study design, S. mutans samples were also obtained from the unstimulated saliva of the three fathers who shared the same households. Three typical isolates of S. mutans were isolated from TYCSB agar of each subject and identified by sugar fermentation tests. S. mutans ATCC 10449 was used as the reference strain. AP-PCR was conducted with OPA-05 primer. RESULTS All of the mothers and fathers shared the similar genotypes within their children. The fathers also harbored similar genotypes to their spouses. CONCLUSION The mothers or the fathers could be the source for the transmission of S. mutans to their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Ersin
- Ege University Dental Faculty, Department of Pedodontics, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.
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Köhler B, Lundberg AB, Birkhed D, Papapanou PN. Longitudinal study of intrafamilial mutans streptococci ribotypes. Eur J Oral Sci 2003; 111:383-9. [PMID: 12974680 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2003.00068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To explore the intrafamilial homology and longitudinal stability of colonization by early acquired mutans streptococci, genomic fingerprinting was performed on 254 strains (192 Streptococcus mutans and 62 Streptococcus sobrinus strains) collected from 16 families (16 mother-child pairs, seven fathers and four siblings). Genomic DNA was digested by the restriction endonuclease HindIII, followed by gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, and hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled 16S rDNA probe, and hybrid detection by enhanced chemiluminescence. One to five ribotypes were identified per person, and between two and nine (median five) within each family. Fourteen of the 16 mother-child pairs showed homology for at least one ribotype (range 1-4). Six of the seven father-child pairs had one ribotype in common. Ten of the 13 longitudinally examined children showed persistence of at least one ribotype over a period of up to 16 yr. The results support the notion of intrafamilial transfer of mutans streptococci, and suggest that colonization of early acquired strains persists into young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Köhler
- Public Dental Service, Göteborg, Faculty of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Redmo Emanuelsson IM, Carlsson P, Hamberg K, Bratthall D. Tracing genotypes of mutans streptococci on tooth sites by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 18:24-9. [PMID: 12588455 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2002.180104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution and persistence of mutans streptococci on different tooth sites in the same oral cavity. Thirteen subjects, aged 20-40 years, were examined. Salivary levels of mutans streptococci, caries prevalence, oral hygiene habits and status of tooth surfaces sampled were recorded. Plaque samples were obtained from four sites, the mesial and buccal surfaces of the first permanent molar on the right side of the lower jaw (46m and 46b), the distal surface of the first permanent premolar (24d) and the mesial surface of the second permanent premolar (25m) on the left side of the upper jaw, using sterile toothpicks on two occasions at 4-7-month intervals. The samples were cultivated on site-specific Strip mutans. Up to 10 colonies/site were isolated when present and genotyped by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, after species identification with PCR. Genotyping was also performed by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) on 148 isolates, and results were consistent with the RAPD results. Most mutans streptococcus-positive samples were obtained from 46m. Within each individual, the same genotype occurred on at least two sites on all but one sampling occasion. A maximum of seven different genotypes were found in an individual. For a particular tooth site, four genotypes occurred simultaneously and taking both sampling occasions together the maximum was six different types. The same genotypes/types were found again after 4-7 months on 25 sites in 12 subjects. Fifteen sites were mutans streptococcus-positive on only one sampling occasion. The results indicate that several different genotypes of mutans streptococci colonize a tooth site, and that the same genotype colonizes several sites in the same oral cavity. Persistence of genotypes on a site for several months and interindividual differences in the occurrence of genotypes were also found.
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