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Cheng CT, Vyas PS, McClain EJ, Hoelen TCA, Arts JJC, McLaughlin C, Altman DT, Yu AK, Cheng BC. The Osteogenic Peptide P-15 for Bone Regeneration: A Narrative Review of the Evidence for a Mechanism of Action. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:599. [PMID: 38927835 PMCID: PMC11200470 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex multicellular process involving the recruitment and attachment of osteoprogenitors and their subsequent differentiation into osteoblasts that deposit extracellular matrixes. There is a growing demand for synthetic bone graft materials that can be used to augment these processes to enhance the healing of bone defects resulting from trauma, disease or surgery. P-15 is a small synthetic peptide that is identical in sequence to the cell-binding domain of type I collagen and has been extensively demonstrated in vitro and in vivo to enhance the adhesion, differentiation and proliferation of stem cells involved in bone formation. These events can be categorized into three phases: attachment, activation and amplification. This narrative review summarizes the large body of preclinical research on P-15 in terms of these phases to describe the mechanism of action by which P-15 improves bone formation. Knowledge of this mechanism of action will help to inform the use of P-15 in clinical practice as well as the development of methods of delivering P-15 that optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper T. Cheng
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Praveer S. Vyas
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Edward James McClain
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Thomáy-Claire Ayala Hoelen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.-C.A.H.); (J.J.C.A.)
| | - Jacobus Johannes Chris Arts
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.-C.A.H.); (J.J.C.A.)
| | - Colin McLaughlin
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Daniel T. Altman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA;
| | - Alexander K. Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA;
| | - Boyle C. Cheng
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
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Shaikh MS, Husain S, Lone MA, Lone MA, Akhlaq H, Zafar MS. Clinical effectiveness of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell-binding peptide grafts for regeneration of periodontal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Regen Med 2020; 15:2379-2395. [PMID: 33356535 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To ascertain clinical effectiveness of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell-binding peptide (ABM/P-15) for regeneration of periodontal defects. Materials & methods: Electronic databases (National Library of Medicine [Medline by PubMed], Cochrane Library [Wiley], CINAHL [EBSCO] and Medline [EBSCO]) were systematically searched up to December 2019. Randomized controlled clinical trials comparing ABM/P-15 grafts to conventional surgery for intrabony and gingival recession defects were included and evaluated intrabony defects including clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth and gingival recession. Results: A significant gain in CAL (1.37 mm), and reduction in probing depth (1.22 mm) were shown by ABM/P-15 grafts than open flap debridement (p < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis also showed better results for ABM/P-15 grafts in CAL gain for intrabony defects. For furcation and gingival recession defects, no significant difference was seen. Conclusion: The adjunct use of ABM/P-15 grafts in conventional periodontal surgery is useful for periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Shehriar Husain
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Mohid A Lone
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb A Lone
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Humera Akhlaq
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawwarra, 41311, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Mohanram Y, Zhang J, Tsiridis E, Yang XB. Comparing bone tissue engineering efficacy of HDPSCs, HBMSCs on 3D biomimetic ABM-P-15 scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:715-730. [PMID: 32820463 PMCID: PMC7548016 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) has been the gold standard for bone regeneration. However, the low proliferation rate and long doubling time limited its clinical applications. This study aims to compare the bone tissue engineering efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) with HBMSCs in 2D, and 3D anorganic bone mineral (ABM) coated with a biomimetic collagen peptide (ABM-P-15) for improving bone-forming speed and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The multipotential of both HDPSCs and HBMSCs have been compared in vitro. The bone formation of HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 was tested using in vivo model. The osteogenic potential of the cells was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immunohistological staining for osteogenic markers. Enhanced ALP, collagen, lipid droplet, or glycosaminoglycans production were visible in HDPSCs and HBMSCs after osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction. HDPSC showed stronger ALP staining compared to HBMSCs. Confocal images showed more viable HDPSCs on both ABM-P-15 and ABM scaffolds compared to HBMSCs on similar scaffolds. ABM-P-15 enhanced cell attachment/spreading/bridging formation on ABM-P-15 scaffolds and significantly increased quantitative ALP specific activities of the HDPSCs and HBMSCs. After 8 weeks in vivo implantation in diffusion chamber model, the HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 scaffolds showed extensive high organised collagenous matrix formation that was positive for COL-I and OCN compared to ABM alone. In conclusion, the HDPSCs have a higher proliferation rate and better osteogenic capacity, which indicated the potential of combining HDPSCs with ABM-P-15 scaffolds for improving bone regeneration speed and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Mohanram
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Xuebin B Yang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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Keceli HG, Bayram C, Celik E, Ercan N, Demirbilek M, Nohutcu RM. Dual delivery of platelet-derived growth factor and bone morphogenetic factor-6 on titanium surface to enhance the early period of implant osseointegration. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:694-704. [PMID: 32776328 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the surface properties and in vitro effects of a new sequential release system on MC3T3-E1 cells for improved osseointegration. BACKGROUND BMP6-loaded anodized titanium coated with PDGF containing silk fibroin (SF) may improve osseointegration. METHODS Titanium surfaces were electrochemically anodized, and SF layer was covered via electrospinning. Five experimental groups (unanodized Ti (Ti), anodized Ti (AnTi), anodized + BMP6-loaded Ti (AnTi-BMP6), anodized + BMP6 loaded + silk fibroin-coated Ti (AnTi-BMP6-SF), and anodized + BMP6-loaded + silk fibroin with PDGF-coated Ti (AnTi-BMP6-PDGF-SF)) were tested. After SEM characterization, contact angle analysis, and FTIR analysis, the amount of released PDGF and BMP6 was detected using ELISA. Cell proliferation (XTT), mineralization, and gene expression (RUNX2 and ALPL) were also evaluated. RESULTS After successful anodization and loading of PDGF and BMP6, contact angle measurements showed hydrophobicity for TiO2 and hydrophilicity for protein-adsorbed surfaces. In FTIR, protein-containing surfaces exhibited amide-I, amide-II, and amide-III bands at 1600 cm-1 -1700 cm-1 , 1520 cm-1 -1540 cm-1 , and 1220 cm-1 -1300 cm-1 spectrum levels with a significant peak in BMP6- and/or SF-loaded groups at 1100 cm-1 . PDGF release and BMP6 release were delayed, and relatively slower release was detected in SF-coated surfaces. Higher MC3T3-E1 proliferation and mineralization and lower gene expression of RUNX2 and ALPL were detected in AnTi-BMP6-PDGF-SF toward day 28. CONCLUSION The new system revealed a high potential for an improved early osseointegration period by means of a better factor release curve and contribution to the osteoblastic cell proliferation, mineralization, and associated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gencay Keceli
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Bayram
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Science and Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekin Celik
- Medical Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Nuray Ercan
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Demirbilek
- Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahime Meral Nohutcu
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sallum EA, Ribeiro FV, Ruiz KS, Sallum AW. Experimental and clinical studies on regenerative periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2019; 79:22-55. [PMID: 30892759 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of a periodontal therapy as a regenerative procedure requires the demonstration of new cementum, periodontal ligament, and bone coronal to the base of the defect. A diversity of regenerative strategies has been evaluated, including root surface conditioning, bone grafts and bone substitute materials, guided tissue regeneration, enamel matrix proteins, growth/differentiation factors, combined therapies and, more recently, tissue-engineering approaches. The aim of this chapter of Periodontology 2000 is to review the research carried out in Latin America in the field of periodontal regeneration, focusing mainly on studies using preclinical models (animal models) and randomized controlled clinical trials. This review may help clinicians and researchers to evaluate the current status of the therapies available and to discuss the challenges that must be faced in order to achieve predictable periodontal regeneration in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enilson A Sallum
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V Ribeiro
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina S Ruiz
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Sallum
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fatima G, Shivamurthy R, Thakur S, Baseer MA. Evaluation of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell binding peptide as a bone graft material in the treatment of human periodontal infrabony defects: A clinico-radiographic study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 19:651-8. [PMID: 26941516 PMCID: PMC4753710 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.164766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various bone graft materials have been used in the treatment of periodontal defects. A synthetic bone substitute material composed of P-15 with anorganic bone mineral has been scantly studied. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix (ABM)/cell binding peptide (P-15) in human periodontal infrabony defects with that of open flap debridement (OFD) alone. Materials and Methods: A split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical study was designed to investigate the efficacy of ABM/P-15. In this clinical trial, 10 patients having bilateral periodontal infrabony defects were treated either with ABM/P-15 or OFD and followed for a period of 9 months. At baseline and at 9 months probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), depth of a defect, and radiographic bone level were measured; and compared between test and control sites. Results: A statistically significant reduction (P < 0.001) in PPD was observed in test sites compared to control sites. Both sites showed a gain in RAL without any significant difference. Similarly, the radiographic evaluation revealed significantly higher radiographic defect fill in test sites as compared to control sites (P < 0.001). Conclusion: ABM/P-15 bone graft material appears to be useful and beneficial in the treatment of human periodontal infrabony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghousia Fatima
- Department of Periodontics, Al-Badar Dental College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra Shivamurthy
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Hassanamba Dental College, Hassan, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinath Thakur
- Department of Periodontics, SDM Dental College and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Abdul Baseer
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kook SH, Jeon YM, Park SS, Lee JC. Periodontal fibroblasts modulate proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells through production of fibroblast growth factors. J Periodontol 2013; 85:645-54. [PMID: 23805819 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLFs) maintain homeostasis of periodontal ligaments by producing paracrine factors that affect various functions of stem-like cells. It is hypothesized that PLFs induce proliferation and differentiation of stem cells more effectively than gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and skin fibroblasts (SFs). METHODS PLFs and GFs were isolated from extracted teeth and cultured in the presence and absence of osteogenesis-inducing factors. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells and SFs were purchased commercially. mES cells were incubated with culture supernatants of these fibroblasts or cocultured directly with the cells. Proliferation and mineralization in mES cells were determined at various times of incubation. Immunostaining and polymerase chain reaction were performed. The activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also measured. RESULTS In cocultures, PLFs stimulated proliferation of mES cells more effectively than GFs or SFs. Similarly, the addition of culture supernatant of PLFs induced the most prominent proliferation of mES cells, and this was significantly inhibited by treatment with antibody against fibroblast growth factor (FGF)4 or the c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 (anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one). Supplementation with culture supernatant from the fibroblasts induced osteogenic differentiation of mES cells in the order PLFs > GFs > SFs. These activities of PLFs were related to their potential to produce osteogenic markers, such as ALP and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), and to secrete FGF7. Pretreatment of mES cells with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059 [2-(2-amino-3-methyoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one] or SP600125 clearly attenuated mineralization induced by culture supernatant of PLF with attendant decreases in mRNA levels of Runx2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. CONCLUSION PLFs regulate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mES cells more strongly than GFs and SFs via the secretion of FGF through a mechanism that involves mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Kook
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Jeon YM, Kook SH, Rho SJ, Lim SS, Choi KC, Kim HS, Kim JG, Lee JC. Fibroblast growth factor-7 facilitates osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells through the activation of ERK/Runx2 signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 382:37-45. [PMID: 24026476 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF7) is known to regulate proliferation and differentiation of cells; however, little information is available on how FGF7 affects the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We examined the effects of FGF7 on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse ESCs. Exogenous FGF7 addition did not change the proliferation rate of mouse ESCs. In contrast, the addition of FGF7 facilitated the dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate (DAG)-induced increases in bone-like nodule formation and calcium accumulation. FGF7 also augmented mRNA expression of runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), osterix, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OC) in the presence of DAG. FGF7-mediated increases in the mineralization and bone-specific gene expression were almost completely attenuated by pretreating with anti-FGF7 antibody. FGF7 treatment accelerated the DAG-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the cells. A pharmacological inhibitor specific to ERK, but not to JNK or p38 kinase, dramatically suppressed FGF7-mediated mineralization and accumulation of collagen and OC in the presence of DAG. This suppression was accompanied by the reduction in Runx2, osterix, BSP, and OC mRNA levels, which were increased by FGF7 in the presence of DAG. Collectively, our results suggest that FGF7 stimulates osteogenic differentiation, but not proliferation, in ESCs, by activating ERK/Runx2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Jeon
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
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Reis ECC, Borges APB, del Carlo RJ, Oliveira PM, Sepúlveda RV, Fernandes NA, Martins LMA, Carvalho TB. Guided tissue regeneration using rigid absorbable membranes in the dog model of chronic furcation defect. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:372-80. [PMID: 22587413 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.680909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Absorbable membranes are used to promote the regeneration of periodontal defects by Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR). However, their collapse into the defect is commonly reported, impairing regeneration. Therefore, absorbable but rigid membranes aiming at preventing such collapse were developed and analyzed in periodontal regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Membranes were analyzed in class II furcation defects in dogs; procedures included periodontal disease induction, prophylaxis and GTR (treated groups) or open flap debridement alone (control group). For GTR, the membranes were made of either 25% hydroxyapatite (HA) in polyhydroxybutyrate matrix (PHB) or 35% HA in PHB. Animals were clinically evaluated for gingival recession, clinical attachment level (CAL) and biopsies were collected at 60 and 120 days. Bone volume, trabeculae number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were quantified by micro-computed tomography, followed by histology. RESULTS Membrane exposure was observed in both treated groups (25 and 35% HAP) from the 8(th) day after surgery, continuously progressing until 120 days. Mean CAL for all groups remained above normal values for dogs. Bone volumetric values were not significantly different. Partial formation of bone, cementum and periodontal ligament was observed in treated groups. An inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the dense connective tissue that partially filled the center of the treated defects with active osteoclasts on bone surface. CONCLUSION Although partial regeneration of the defect was observed, it was limited by wound contamination. Consequently, rigid absorbable membranes made of HA and PHB failed to improve the regeneration of class II furcation defects in dogs.
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Aoki K, Alles N, Soysa N, Ohya K. Peptide-based delivery to bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1220-38. [PMID: 22709649 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are attractive as novel therapeutic reagents, since they are flexible in adopting and mimicking the local structural features of proteins. Versatile capabilities to perform organic synthetic manipulations are another unique feature of peptides compared to protein-based medicines, such as antibodies. On the other hand, a disadvantage of using a peptide for a therapeutic purpose is its low stability and/or high level of aggregation. During the past two decades, numerous peptides were developed for the treatment of bone diseases, and some peptides have already been used for local applications to repair bone defects in the clinic. However, very few peptides have the ability to form bone themselves. We herein summarize the effects of the therapeutic peptides on bone loss and/or local bone defects, including the results from basic studies. We also herein describe some possible methods for overcoming the obstacles associated with using therapeutic peptide candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Aoki
- Dept. of Hard Tissue Engineering (Pharmacology), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ko SY. Myricetin suppresses LPS-induced MMP expression in human gingival fibroblasts and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by downregulating NFATc1 in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1623-32. [PMID: 22795564 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue attachments and the supporting bone that surrounds the teeth. Gingival fibroblasts induce the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), which is involved in inflammatory progression in periodontitis. Osteoclasts are responsible for skeletal modeling and remodeling but may also destroy bone in several bone diseases, including osteoporosis and periodontitis. This study examined the anti-destructive effects of myricetin on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) under lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammatory conditions, and the anti-osteoclastogenetic effect of myricetin on the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) induced RAW264.7 cells was also investigated. DESIGN The effects of myricetin on HGF were determined by measuring the cell viability and mRNA expression and enzyme activity of tissue-destructive proteins, including MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-8. The effects of myricetin on osteoclasts were examined by measuring the following: (1) the cell viability, (2) the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)(+) multinucleated cells, (3) MAPK signalling pathways (4) mRNA expression of osteoclast-associated genes and (5) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion. RESULTS The myricetin had no effects on the cell viability of the HGF and decreased the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-8 in the HGF. Myricetin inhibited the formation of RANKL-stimulated TRAP(+) multinucleated cells. Myricetin also inhibited the RANKL-stimulated activation of p-38, ERK and cSrc signaling, and inhibited the RANKL-stimulated degradation of I(k)B in the RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the RANKL-stimulated induction of NFATc1 transcription factors was abrogated by myricetin. Myricetin decreased the mRNA expression of osteoclast-associated genes, including cFOS, TRAP and cathepsin K in the RAW264.7 cells. Myricetin inhibited the secretion of LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β in the RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that myricetin has therapeutic effects on bone-destructive processes, such as those that occur in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yle Ko
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Choongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Strontium promotes cell proliferation and suppresses IL-6 expression in human PDL cells. Ann Anat 2012; 194:208-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Jang YJ, Kim ME, Ko SY. n-Butanol extracts of Panax notoginseng suppress LPS-induced MMP-2 expression in periodontal ligament fibroblasts and inhibit osteoclastogenesis by suppressing MAPK in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1319-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jeong HR, Hwang JH, Lee JK. Effectiveness of autogenous tooth bone used as a graft material for regeneration of bone in miniature pig. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2011.37.5.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rin Jeong
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dong Kang Medical Center, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Hwang
- Department of Dentistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Keun Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Nampo T, Watahiki J, Enomoto A, Taguchi T, Ono M, Nakano H, Yamamoto G, Irie T, Tachikawa T, Maki K. A New Method for Alveolar Bone Repair Using Extracted Teeth for the Graft Material. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1264-72. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Chen FM, Zhang J, Zhang M, An Y, Chen F, Wu ZF. A review on endogenous regenerative technology in periodontal regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7892-927. [PMID: 20684986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a globally prevalent inflammatory disease that causes the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus and potentially leads to tooth loss. Currently, the methods to reconstitute lost periodontal structures (i.e. alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and root cementum) have relied on conventional mechanical, anti-infective modalities followed by a range of regenerative procedures such as guided tissue regeneration, the use of bone replacement grafts and exogenous growth factors (GFs), and recently developed tissue engineering technologies. However, all current or emerging paradigms have either been shown to have limited and variable outcomes or have yet to be developed for clinical use. To accelerate clinical translation, there is an ongoing need to develop therapeutics based on endogenous regenerative technology (ERT), which can stimulate latent self-repair mechanisms in patients and harness the host's innate capacity for regeneration. ERT in periodontics applies the patient's own regenerative 'tools', i.e. patient-derived GFs and fibrin scaffolds, sometimes in association with commercialized products (e.g. Emdogain and Bio-Oss), to create a material niche in an injured site where the progenitor/stem cells from neighboring tissues can be recruited for in situ periodontal regeneration. The choice of materials and the design of implantable devices influence therapeutic potential and the number and invasiveness of the associated clinical procedures. The interplay and optimization of each niche component involved in ERT are particularly important to comprehend how to make the desired cell response safe and effective for therapeutics. In this review, the emerging opportunities and challenges of ERT that avoid the ex vivo culture of autologous cells are addressed in the context of new approaches for engineering or regeneration of functional periodontal tissues by exploiting the use of platelet-rich products and its associated formulations as key endogenous resources for future clinical management of periodontal tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology & Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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