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Abdullah AN, Al-Habib OAM, Mohammed SA. Salivary microbial shifting in hypertensive patients with chronic periodontitis after scaling and root surface debridement. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:758. [PMID: 38874801 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the impact of scaling and root surface debridement (SRP) on salivary bacterial counts and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with chronic periodontitis, with a focus on clinical significance. METHODS An observational trial included 24 chronic periodontitis patients, eleven of them were hypertensive patients. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was administered to all patients, with clinical parameters including gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and probing pocket depth (PPD) recorded. Saliva samples were collected before and after SRP to quantify total bacterial counts and specific bacterial counts. RESULTS Two months following SRP, PI and PPD in every subject under study demonstrated good responses. In hypertension patients, the salivary bacterial count was significantly higher following SRP (P = 0.0221). The incidence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in hypertension patients significantly decreased after treatment (P = 0.0386). Despite this, there was no discernible decrease in blood pressure following treatment. CONCLUSIONS SRP alone was ineffective in reducing overall bacterial counts, but P. gingivalis levels responded favorably. Regular periodontal assessment is crucial for hypertensive individuals to mitigate cardiovascular risk. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Periodontal therapy in hypertensive patients may improve oral health but might not significantly impact blood pressure. Regular periodontal evaluation is essential for managing cardiovascular risk in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Najimelddin Abdullah
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Saeed Ali Mohammed
- Periodontics Department, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Dimitriu T, Bolfa P, Daradics Z, Suciu Ş, Armencea G, Cătoi C, Dinu C, Băciuţ G, Văcăraş S, Bran S, Băciuţ M. Ligature induced periodontitis causes atherosclerosis in rat descending aorta: an experimental study. Med Pharm Rep 2021; 94:106-111. [PMID: 33629057 PMCID: PMC7880073 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years a link between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases has been proposed. Oxidative stress has been found to be involved in their pathophysiology. Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a wire ligature placed around the first mandibular molars of the rat causes inflammation in the periodontium and lipid deposits in the aorta, via oxidative stress. Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups of 10: Control group and Periodontitis group. An orthodontic wire ligature was placed around the cervix of the first mandibular molar and was kept in place for 4 weeks. Clinical attachment loss was determined to assess the gingival recession. Aorta was harvested after 4 weeks and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the aorta tissue homogenate were determined. Lipid deposits were evaluated using Oil Red staining and immunofluorescence under confocal microscopy. Total lipid deposits in the aorta were assessed using a computer morphometry system. Results Significant gingival recession was observed in the Periodontitis group in comparison with the Control group. Increased MDA levels were present in the aorta in the ligatured rats in comparison with the Control group. Significant lipid deposits were observed in the aorta of the Periodontitis group as opposed to the Control group. Conclusions The affixing of an orthodontic wire ligature produces gingival recession, increased oxidative stress and lipid deposits in the rat descending aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Dimitriu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pompei Bolfa
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Zsofia Daradics
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Şoimiţa Suciu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Cătoi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Băciuţ
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Văcăraş
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Roma
| | - Mihaela Băciuţ
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Dimitriu T, Daradics Z, Suciu Ş, Armencea G, Cătoi C, Dinu C, Băciuţ G, Văcăraş S, Bran S, Băciuţ M. Ligature induced periodontitis causes atherosclerosis in rat descending aorta: an experimental study. Med Pharm Rep 2019; 92:S39-S44. [PMID: 31989107 PMCID: PMC6978934 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years a link between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases has been proposed. Oxidative stress has been found to be involved in their pathophysiology. Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a wire ligature placed around the first mandibular molars of the rat causes inflammation in the periodontium and lipid deposits in the aorta, via oxidative stress. Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups of 10: Control group and Periodontitis group. An orthodontic wire ligature was placed around the cervix of the first mandibular molar and was kept in place for 4 weeks. Clinical attachment loss was determined to assess the gingival recession. Aorta was harvested after 4 weeks and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the aorta tissue homogenate were determined. Lipid deposits were evaluated using Oil Red staining and immunofluorescence under confocal microscopy. Total lipid deposits in the aorta were assessed using a computer morphometry system. Results Significant gingival recession was observed in the Periodontitis group in comparison with the Control group. Increased MDA levels were present in the aorta in the ligatured rats in comparison with the Control group. Significant lipid deposits were observed in the aorta of the Periodontitis group as opposed to the Control group. Conclusions The affixing of an orthodontic wire ligature produces gingival recession, increased oxidative stress and lipid deposits in the rat descending aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Dimitriu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zsofia Daradics
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Şoimiţa Suciu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Cătoi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Băciuţ
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Văcăraş
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Băciuţ
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Karatas O, Balci Yuce H, Aydemir Turkal H. Dental hypofunction alters subgingival microorganisms: a pilot study. MINERVA STOMATOLOGICA 2019; 68:183-191. [PMID: 31357852 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate dental plaque compositions, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1-alpha levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at hypofunctional and normofunctional teeth in healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients. METHODS Sixty systemically healthy individuals were enrolled. Study groups were: group 1 hypofunctional healthy group (group 1, N.=15); group 2 hypofunctional periodontitis group (group 2, N.=15); group 3 normofunctional healthy group (group 3, N.=15); and group 4 normofunctional periodontitis group (group 4, N.=15). Clinical periodontal measurements (plaque index, gingival index and clinical attachment level) were recorded. Dental plaque and GCF samples were taken. VEGF and HIF 1-alpha levels in GCF were determined. Subgingival plaque samples were evaluated for 11 different bacterial species as, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga species. RESULTS Tannerella forsythia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Eubacterium nodatum levels decreased in hypofunctional healthy and periodontitis groups (P<0.05). Porphyromonas gingivalis levels increased in hypofunctional healthy group and decreased in hypofunctional periodontitis group (P<0.05). There was also a decrease in Eikenella corrodens levels in hypofunctional periodontitis group (P<0.05). There were no difference regarding the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga spp., Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum levels among the groups (P>0.05). VEGF and HIF-1α levels in both GCF and serum samples were also similar (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, the authors found that the levels of four significant bacterial strains were decreased in both hypofunctional healthy and hypofunctional periodontitis groups compared to normofunctional equivalents. Though not evaluated in this study, this situation could be due to periodontal ligament atrophy and related physiological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Karatas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey -
| | - Hatice Balci Yuce
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Aydemir Turkal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Naimi-Akbar A, Kjellström B, Rydén L, Rathnayake N, Klinge B, Gustafsson A, Buhlin K. Attitudes and lifestyle factors in relation to oral health and dental care in Sweden: a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:282-289. [PMID: 30632867 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1539238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate attitudes to and perceptions of dental treatment and costs, self-assessed personal oral health status and dental self-care in an adult Swedish population, with special reference to potential associations between these factors and periodontal status. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population comprised 1577 subjects who had undergone radiographic dental examination. The subjects were grouped by severity of periodontitis, based on extent of bone loss, as none, mild/moderate or severe. Subjects answered a questionnaire about socioeconomic factors, oral care habits and attitudes to dental treatment. Other questions covered medical history, smoking and other life style factors. Associations were tested using the Chi-squared test and a logistic regression model. RESULTS Compared to subjects with no periodontitis, those with mild/moderate or severe periodontitis were less likely to afford (p < .001), more often refrained from treatment due to costs (p < .001) and in the past year had experienced dental problems for which they had not sought treatment (p < .001). They also reported more anxiety in relation to dental appointments (p = .001). Regarding caries prevention, the severe periodontitis group used least fluoride products (p = .002). CONCLUSIONS Swedish adults regard their oral health as important, those with periodontitis have a more negative perception of their oral health and are less prone to seek help. These discouraging findings suggest the need for targeted measures, which focus on improving the care of this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Naimi-Akbar
- Division of Cariology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Health Technology Assessment-Odontology (HTA-O), Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Rydén
- Department of Medicine K2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nilminie Rathnayake
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Björn Klinge
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Gustafsson
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Kumar J, Teoh SL, Das S, Mahakknaukrauh P. Oxidative Stress in Oral Diseases: Understanding Its Relation with Other Systemic Diseases. Front Physiol 2017; 8:693. [PMID: 28959211 PMCID: PMC5603668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs in diabetes, various cancers, liver diseases, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation, and other degenerative diseases related to the nervous system. The free radicals have deleterious effect on various organs of the body. This is due to lipid peroxidation and irreversible protein modification that leads to cellular apoptosis or programmed cell death. During recent years, there is a rise in the oral diseases related to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in oral disease is related to other systemic diseases in the body such as periodontitis, cardiovascular, pancreatic, gastric, and liver diseases. In the present review, we discuss the various pathways that mediate oxidative cellular damage. Numerous pathways mediate oxidative cellular damage and these include caspase pathway, PERK/NRF2 pathway, NADPH oxidase 4 pathways and JNK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. We also discuss the role of inflammatory markers, lipid peroxidation, and role of oxygen species linked to oxidative stress. Knowledge of different pathways, role of inflammatory markers, and importance of low-density lipoprotein, fibrinogen, creatinine, nitric oxide, nitrates, and highly sensitive C-reactive proteins may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis and plan better treatment for oral diseases which involve oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakknaukrauh
- Forensic Osteology Research, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
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