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Lucidi D, Cantaffa C, Miglio M, Spina F, Alicandri Ciufelli M, Marchioni A, Marchioni D. Tumors of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: Promoting Factors and Molecular Mechanisms-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032670. [PMID: 36768990 PMCID: PMC9916834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal neoplasms are uncommon diseases, characterized by heterogeneous biological behavior, which frequently results in challenges in differential diagnosis and treatment choice. The aim of this review was to examine the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor initiation and growth, in order to better define diagnostic and therapeutic strategies as well as the prognostic impact of these rare neoplasms. A systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria was conducted between September and November 2022. The authors considered the three main histological patterns of sinonasal tumors, namely Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma, and Olfactory Neuroblastoma. In total, 246 articles were eventually included in the analysis. The genetic and epigenetic changes underlying the oncogenic process were discussed, through a qualitative synthesis of the included studies. The identification of a comprehensive model of carcinogenesis for each sinonasal cancer subtype is needed, in order to pave the way toward tailored treatment approaches and improve survival for this rare and challenging group of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucidi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Carla Cantaffa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3385313850; Fax: +39-0594222402
| | - Matteo Miglio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Spina
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Alicandri Ciufelli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Marchioni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Ferraiuolo RM, Wagner KU. Regulation and New Treatment Strategies in Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES (WESTLAKE VILLAGE, CALIF.) 2019; 1:23-38. [PMID: 32095785 PMCID: PMC7039658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer classifications are based on the presence or absence of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor along with the overexpression or amplification of the Her2 receptor. Although the overall 5-year survival rate of breast cancer patients has increased due to the use of targeted therapies, a subset of patients can acquire resistance over time or are unresponsive when presented in the clinic. Novel therapies focusing on molecular pathways and cell cycle regulation currently being used in the clinic may lead to increased response in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-Maria Ferraiuolo
- Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University
School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University
School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202
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Haque A, Rahman MA, Chen ZG, Saba NF, Khuri FR, Shin DM, Ruhul Amin ARM. Combination of erlotinib and EGCG induces apoptosis of head and neck cancers through posttranscriptional regulation of Bim and Bcl-2. Apoptosis 2016; 20:986-95. [PMID: 25860284 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial approaches using two or more compounds are gaining increasing attention for cancer therapy. We have previously reported that the combination of the EGFR-TKI erlotinib and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exhibited synergistic chemopreventive effects in head and neck cancers by inducing the expression of Bim, p21, p27, and by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT and expression of Bcl-2. In the current study, we further investigated the mechanism of regulation of Bim, Bcl-2, p21 and p27, and their role in apoptosis. shRNA-mediated silencing of Bim significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by the combination of erlotinib and EGCG (p = 0.005). On the other hand, overexpression of Bcl-2 markedly protected cells from apoptosis (p = 0.003), whereas overexpression of constitutively active AKT only minimally protected cells from apoptosis induced by the combination of the two compounds. Analysis of mRNA expression by RT-PCR revealed that erlotinib, EGCG and their combination had no significant effects on the mRNA expression of Bim, p21, p27 or Bcl-2 suggesting the post-transcriptional regulation of these molecules. Furthermore, we found that erlotinib or the combination of EGCG and erlotinib inhibited the phosphorylation of Bim and stabilized Bim after inhibition of protein translation by cycloheximide. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that the combination of erlotinib and EGCG induces apoptosis of SCCHN cells by regulating Bim and Bcl-2 at the posttranscriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedul Haque
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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NAGATA MASAKI, KURITA HIROSHI, UEMATSU KOHYA, OGAWA SHIN, TAKAHASHI KATSU, HOSHINA HIDEYUKI, TAKAGI RITSUO. Diagnostic value of cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor expression ratios as biomarkers of locoregional and hematogenous dissemination risks in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1007-1013. [PMID: 26623041 PMCID: PMC4534825 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic value of cell cycle-related genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by examining the expression of the following genes in 77 OSCC tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction: Cyclin genes (CCNA1, CCND1, CCND2 and CCNE1), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) genes (CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4), CDK inhibitor genes (CDKN2A, CDKN1A, CDKN1B and CDKN1C), and integrin and associated genes that we previously reported (ITGA3, ITGB4, CD9 and JUP). The expression ratios of 66 combinations of the 11 cell cycle-related genes were analyzed to examine their associations with major clinical events using Mann-Whitney U and log-rank tests. Three expression ratios (CDK1/CDKN1B, CDK2/CDKN1A and CCNE1/CDK2) showed associations on univariate analyses and their diagnostic value was re-analyzed with integrin gene expression biomarkers (ITGA3/CD9 and ITGB4/JUP) using the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier estimates. Lymph node metastasis occurred in >90% of double-positive cases (high-ITGA3/CD9 and high-CDK1/CDKN1B) irrespective of tumor size (P<0.0001). Primary site recurrence was found in >30% of double-positive cases (high-ITGA3/CD9 and high-CDK2/CDKN1A) with tumors >20 mm (P=0.003). Triple-positive (high-ITGB4/JUP, high-ITGA3/CD9 and high-CDK2/CDKN1A) was associated with distant metastasis (P<0.0001), but not with other clinical parameters. Disease-specific death occurred in 55% of double-positive cases (high-ITGA3/CD9 and high-CDK2/CDKN1A) (P<0.0001) and a positive surgical margin was a significant factor for fatality in these cases. Reliable prediction of locoregional and hematogenous dissemination risks in OSCC using the four CDK and integrin gene expression ratios is a promising biomarker system. Clinical use of these parameters may improve the control rate with the use of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- MASAKI NAGATA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - HIROSHI KURITA
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - KOHYA UEMATSU
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - SHIN OGAWA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - KATSU TAKAHASHI
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - HIDEYUKI HOSHINA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - RITSUO TAKAGI
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Yu XM, Li CW, Li YY, Liu J, Lin ZB, Li TY, Zhao L, Pan XL, Shi L, Wang DY. Down-regulation of EMP1 is associated with epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia in nasal polyps. Histopathology 2013; 63:686-95. [PMID: 24033346 DOI: 10.1111/his.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess protein and mRNA expression of epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) in the nasal mucosa of patients with nasal polyps (NP), and to determine what changes occur in response to glucocorticosteroid (GC) treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS NP tissue was obtained from 55 patients, 18 of whom were treated with nasal GCs (i.e. these 18 patients had NP biopsies taken before and after treatment). Biopsies of inferior turbinate mucosa from 30 healthy subjects were used as controls. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the expression levels of EMP1. EMP1 mRNA expression was significantly lower (2.77-fold) in tissues from NP patients before GC treatment when compared to controls, but was increased in these patients after GC treatment. EMP1 staining in nasal epithelium co-localized with both basal (p63(+)) and differentiated (CK18(+)) epithelial cells. Their immunoreactivity was significantly greater in controls than NP patients. EMP1 mRNA levels were lower in the epithelium with severe hyperplasia (1.79-fold) or with metaplasia (1.85-fold) as compared to those with mild to moderate hyperplasia or non-metaplastic epithelium, respectively. Positive correlations between EMP1 and other epithelial cell-related gene (e.g. JUN, PTGS2, AREG etc.) mRNAs were observed. CONCLUSIONS EMP1 could be a biomarker for aberrant epithelial remodelling and metaplasia in chronic inflammatory upper airway mucosa (e.g. NP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Min Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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López F, Llorente JL, Costales M, García-Inclán C, Pérez-Escuredo J, Álvarez-Marcos C, Hermsen M, Suárez C. Molecular Characterisation of Sinonasal Carcinomas and Their Clinical Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang M, Li J, Wang L, Tian Z, Zhang P, Xu Q, Zhang C, Wei F, Chen W. Prognostic significance of p21, p27 and survivin protein expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:381-386. [PMID: 24137333 PMCID: PMC3789108 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for >80% of head and neck malignancies. p21, p27 and survivin proteins are abnormally expressed in OSCC and have been previously reported to correlate with cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the prognostic significance of p21, p27 and survivin remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of clinical parameters and prognosis with the levels of p21, p27 and survivin expression in patients with OSCC. The levels of the three biomarkers were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in specimens from 110 patients with OSCC and each section was scored according to the percentage of positive tumor cells and staining intensity. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to assess the correlation between biomarkers and clinical events. The association between the immunoexpression of p21, p27 and survivin and clinical pathological variables were analyzed by the χ2 test and a non-parametric analysis. The expression of p21 in patients with OSCC was found to correlate with the expression of p27 and survivin. The results of the current study revealed that the five-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high p21 expression. In addition, the expression of p27 also showed a negative correlation with the five-year survival rate of OSCC, but to a lesser extent. By contrast, the expression of survivin was not a prognostic factor for OSCC. A Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model showed that lymph node metastasis and p21 expression were independent prognostic factors of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbin Zhang
- School Of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012; ; Department of Stomatology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000
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Apoptotic effect of cisplatin and cordycepin on OC3 human oral cancer cells. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 20:624-32. [PMID: 23543357 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate apoptotic effects of cisplatin and cordycepin as single agent or in combination with cytotoxicity in oral cancer cells. METHODS The influences of cisplatin (2.5 μg/mL) and/or cordycepin treatment (10 or 100 μmol/L) to human OC3 oral cancer cell line were investigated by morphological observation for cell death appearance, methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay for cell viability, flow cytometry assay for cell apoptosis, and Western blotting for apoptotic protein expressions. RESULTS Data demonstrated that co-administration of cisplatin (2.5 μg/mL) and cordycepin (10 or 100 μmol/L) resulted in the enhancement of OC3 cell apoptosis compared to cisplatin or cordycepin alone treatment (24 h), respectively (P <0.05). In flow cytometry assay, percentage of cells arrested at subG1 phase with co-treatment of cordycepin and cisplatin (30%) was significantly higher than cisplatin (5%) or cordycepin (12%) alone group (P <0.05), confirming a synergistically apoptotic effect of cordycepin and cisplatin. In cellular mechanism study, co-treatment of cordycepin and cisplatin induced more stress-activated protein kinase/Jun terminal kinase (JNK), the expressions of caspase-7, and the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) as compared to cisplatin or cordycepin alone treatment (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Cisplatin and cordycepin possess synergistically apoptotic effect through the activation of JNK/caspase-7/PARP pathway in human OC3 oral cancer cell line.
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Kan WLT, Yin C, Xu HX, Xu G, To KKW, Cho CH, Rudd JA, Lin G. Antitumor effects of novel compound, guttiferone K, on colon cancer by p21Waf1/Cip1-mediated G0/G1cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:707-16. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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López F, Llorente JL, Costales M, García-Inclán C, Pérez-Escuredo J, Alvarez-Marcos C, Hermsen M, Suárez C. Molecular characterisation of sinonasal carcinomas and their clinical implications. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2012; 64:289-96. [PMID: 22621788 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sinonasal carcinomas are rare tumours with an unfavourable prognosis whose management is difficult and complex, leading to high morbidity and mortality despite improvements in the field of surgery and radiotherapy. An elevated number of these tumours can be attributed to occupational exposure. In comparison with other head and neck malignancies, studies of molecular changes in these tumours are infrequent. This review was focused on findings about the epidemiology and molecular and phenotypic characterisation of sinonasal carcinomas, which can potentially be useful for diagnosis and treatment. The increasing knowledge about the molecular biology that underlies their carcinogenesis may help to identify precursor lesions, prognostic markers and markers that predict chemoradiotherapy response and, finally, to identify potential molecular targets that will expand treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando López
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España.
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Zhang MF, Zhang ZY, Fu J, Yang YF, Yun JP. Correlation between expression of p53, p21/WAF1, and MDM2 proteins and their prognostic significance in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2009; 7:110. [PMID: 20025780 PMCID: PMC2809055 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor Protein p53 (p53), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21/WAF1), and murine double minute 2 (MDM2) participate in the regulation of cell growth. Altered expression of these gene products has been found in malignant tumors and has been associated with poor prognosis. Our aim was to investigate the expression of the 3 proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their prognostic significance. Methods We examined p53, p21/WAF1, and MDM2 expression in 181 pairs of HCC tissues and the adjacent hepatic tissues by performing immunohistochemistry and examined the expression of the 3 proteins in 7 pairs of HCC tissues and the adjacent hepatic tissues by using western blot analysis. Results The expression of p53, p21/WAF1, and MDM2 in the HCC tissues was significantly higher than those in the adjacent hepatic tissues (P < 0.05). A statistical correlation was observed between p53 and p21/WAF1 expression in HCC tissues (R = 0.195, P = 0.008). A statistical correlation was observed between expression of p53 and p21/WAF1 (R = 0.380, P = 0.000), p53 and MDM2 (R = 0.299, P = 0.000), p21/WAF1 and MDM2 (R = 0.285, P = 0.000) in 181 liver tissues adjacent to the tumor. Patients with a low pathologic grade HCC (I+II) had a higher tendency to express p53 on tumor cells than the patients with high pathologic grade HCC (III+IV) (P = 0.007). Survival analysis showed that positive p21/WAF1 expression or/and negative MDM2 expression in HCC was a predictor of better survival of patients after tumor resection (P < 0.05). Conclusions The proteins p53, p21/WAF1, and MDM2 were overexpressed in all the HCC cases in this study, and p53 and p21/WAF1 overexpression were positively correlated. The expression of p21/WAF1 and MDM2 can be considered as 2 useful indicators for predicting the prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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