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Lechien JR, Hans S, Vaira LA, Boscolo-Rizzo P, De Marrez LG, Baudouin R, Gheorghe A, Sebestyen A, Loubieres C, Karkos PD, Saussez S. A Prospective Controlled Study Investigating Odor Identification in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:366-371. [PMID: 35943809 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221117469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To psychophysically evaluate olfaction in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). STUDY DESIGN Prospective controlled study. SETTING Tertiary medical center. METHODS From January 2021 to January 2022, patients with LPR diagnosed with hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring underwent psychophysical evaluation of the sense of smell. Reflux symptoms and findings were assessed with the Reflux Symptom Score (RSS) and Reflux Sign Assessment (RSA). Nasal symptoms were assessed through the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22). From pre- to posttreatment, patients underwent identification Sniffin' Sticks test and olfactory cleft examination. Clinical outcomes were compared between LPR patients and healthy individuals. RESULTS In total, 107 patients and 76 healthy individuals completed the evaluations. LPR patients reported significant higher RSS, RSA, and SNOT-22 scores. Psychophysical olfactory evaluations were significantly lower in reflux patients compared with controls, while there were no significant differences in olfactory cleft score. RSS and RSA significantly improved from baseline to 3 months posttreatment. SNOT-22, olfactory cleft endoscopy scale, and psychophysical olfactory evaluations did not change throughout treatment. Patients with higher number of acid pharyngeal reflux events reported lower psychophysical olfactory scores (P = .025). CONCLUSION LPR disease was associated with low odor identification results in patients without olfactory cleft abnormalities. The sense of smell did not improve after 3-month therapy. Future controlled studies using threshold, discrimination, and identification testing are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre (CHU de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Hans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Luigi A Vaira
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lisa G De Marrez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Robin Baudouin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Alexandrea Gheorghe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Andra Sebestyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Loubieres
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Petros D Karkos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre (CHU de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan Hospital, Paris, France
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