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Wetherington MT, Nagy K, Dér L, Noorlag J, Galajda P, Keymer JE. Variance in Landscape Connectivity Shifts Microbial Population Scaling. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831790. [PMID: 35464924 PMCID: PMC9020879 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms shaping distributions and interactions of soil microbes is essential for determining their impact on large scale ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, climate regulation, waste decomposition, and nutrient cycling. As the functional unit of soil ecosystems, we focus our attention on the spatial structure of soil macroaggregates. Emulating this complex physico-chemical environment as a patchy habitat landscape we investigate on-chip the effect of changing the connectivity features of this landscape as Escherichia coli forms a metapopulation. We analyze the distributions of E. coli occupancy using Taylor's law, an empirical law in ecology which asserts that the fluctuations in populations is a power law function of the mean. We provide experimental evidence that bacterial metapopulations in patchy habitat landscapes on microchips follow this law. Furthermore, we find that increased variance of patch-corridor connectivity leads to a qualitative transition in the fluctuation scaling. We discuss these results in the context of the spatial ecology of microbes in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles T. Wetherington
- Department of Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, P. Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Miles T. Wetherington
| | - Krisztina Nagy
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Janneke Noorlag
- Department of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Peter Galajda
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Juan E. Keymer
- Department of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
- Juan E. Keymer
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Xu M, Jiang M, Wang HF. Integrating metabolic scaling variation into the maximum entropy theory of ecology explains Taylor's law for individual metabolic rate in tropical forests. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Direct Scaling of Measure on Vortex Shedding through a Flapping Flag Device in the Open Channel around a Cylinder at Re∼10 3: Taylor's Law Approach. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051871. [PMID: 33800140 PMCID: PMC7962443 DOI: 10.3390/s21051871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The problem of vortex shedding, which occurs when an obstacle is placed in a regular flow, is governed by Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, known by dimensional analysis. The present work aims to propose a thin films-based device, consisting of an elastic piezoelectric flapping flag clamped at one end, in order to determine the frequency of vortex shedding downstream an obstacle for a flow field at Reynolds number Re∼103 in the open channel. For these values, Strouhal number obtained in such way is in accordance with the results known in literature. Moreover, the development of the voltage over time, generated by the flapping flag under the load due to flow field, shows a highly fluctuating behavior and satisfies Taylor’s law, observed in several complex systems. This provided useful information about the flow field through the constitutive law of the device.
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Kojima H, Mitsui Y, Ikegami T. Spatial and temporal Taylor's law in 1D chaotic maps. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:033111. [PMID: 33810725 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By using low-dimensional chaotic maps, the power-law relationship established between the sample mean and variance called Taylor's Law (TL) is studied. In particular, we aim to clarify the relationship between TL from the spatial ensemble (STL) and the temporal ensemble (TTL). Since the spatial ensemble corresponds to independent sampling from a stationary distribution, we confirm that STL is explained by the skewness of the distribution. The difference between TTL and STL is shown to be originated in the temporal correlation of a dynamics. In case of logistic and tent maps, the quadratic relationship in the sample mean and variance, called Bartlett's law, is found analytically. On the other hand, TTL in the Hassell model can be well explained by the chunk structure of the trajectory, whereas the TTL of the Ricker model has a different mechanism originated from the specific form of the map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kojima
- The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Mitsui
- The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikegami
- The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Xu M, Cohen JE. Analyzing and interpreting spatial and temporal variability of the United States county population distributions using Taylor's law. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226096. [PMID: 31825983 PMCID: PMC6905577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the spatial and temporal variation of the human population in the United States (US) counties from 1790 to 2010, using an ecological scaling pattern called Taylor's law (TL). TL states that the variance of population abundance is a power function of the mean population abundance. Despite extensive studies of TL for non-human populations, testing and interpreting TL using data on human populations are rare. Here we examine three types of TL that quantify the spatial and temporal variation of US county population abundance. Our results show that TL and its quadratic extension describe the mean-variance relationship of county population distribution well. The slope and statistics of TL reveal economic and demographic trends of the county populations. We propose TL as a useful statistical tool for analyzing human population variability. We suggest new ways of using TL to select and make population projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Mathematics, Pace University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joel E. Cohen
- Laboratory of Populations, The Rockefeller University and Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Earth Institute and Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Demers S. Taylor's Law Holds for Finite OEIS Integer Sequences and Binomial Coefficients. AM STAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00031305.2017.1422439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Demers
- Planning, Research & Audit Section, Vancouver Police Department, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Gompertz, Makeham, and Siler models explain Taylor's law in human mortality data. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2018.38.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Cohen JE, Rodríguez-Planes LI, Gaspe MS, Cecere MC, Cardinal MV, Gürtler RE. Chagas disease vector control and Taylor's law. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006092. [PMID: 29190728 PMCID: PMC5734788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large spatial and temporal fluctuations in the population density of living organisms have profound consequences for biodiversity conservation, food production, pest control and disease control, especially vector-borne disease control. Chagas disease vector control based on insecticide spraying could benefit from improved concepts and methods to deal with spatial variations in vector population density. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that Taylor's law (TL) of fluctuation scaling describes accurately the mean and variance over space of relative abundance, by habitat, of four insect vectors of Chagas disease (Triatoma infestans, Triatoma guasayana, Triatoma garciabesi and Triatoma sordida) in 33,908 searches of people's dwellings and associated habitats in 79 field surveys in four districts in the Argentine Chaco region, before and after insecticide spraying. As TL predicts, the logarithm of the sample variance of bug relative abundance closely approximates a linear function of the logarithm of the sample mean of abundance in different habitats. Slopes of TL indicate spatial aggregation or variation in habitat suitability. Predictions of new mathematical models of the effect of vector control measures on TL agree overall with field data before and after community-wide spraying of insecticide. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE A spatial Taylor's law identifies key habitats with high average infestation and spatially highly variable infestation, providing a new instrument for the control and elimination of the vectors of a major human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E. Cohen
- Laboratory of Populations, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Earth Institute and Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Lucía I. Rodríguez-Planes
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S. Gaspe
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C. Cecere
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta V. Cardinal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo E. Gürtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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