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Labra-Vázquez P, Gressier M, Rioland G, Menu MJ. A review on solution- and vapor-responsive sensors for the detection of phthalates. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1282:341828. [PMID: 37923401 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters, largely referred to as phthalates, are today acknowledged as important pollutants used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based plastics, whose use extends to almost every aspect of modern life. The risk of exposure to phthalates is particularly relevant as high concentrations are regularly found in drinking water, food-contact materials and medical devices, motivating an immense body of research devoted to methods for their detection in liquid samples. Conversely, phthalate vapors have only recently been acknowledged as potentially important atmospheric pollutants and as early fire indicators; additionally, deposition of these vapors can pose significant problems to the proper functioning of spacecraft and diverse on-board devices, leading to major space agencies recognizing the need of developing vapor-responsive phthalate sensors. In this manuscript we present a literature survey on solution- and vapor-responsive sensors and analytical assays for the detection of phthalates, providing a detailed analysis of a vast array of analytical data to offer a clear idea on the analytical performance (limits of detection and quantification, linear range) and advantages provided by each class of sensor covered in this review (electrochemical, optical and vapor-responsive) in the context of their potential real-life applications; the manuscript also gives detailed fundamental information on the various physicochemical responses exploited by these sensors and assays that could potentially be harnessed by new researchers entering the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Labra-Vázquez
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Marie Gressier
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Guillaume Rioland
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, DTN/QE/LE, 31401, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Joëlle Menu
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
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Berlina AN, Ragozina MY, Komova NS, Serebrennikova KV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Development of Lateral Flow Test-System for the Immunoassay of Dibutyl Phthalate in Natural Waters. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1002. [PMID: 36354511 PMCID: PMC9688391 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of a large amount of toxic synthetic materials leads to an increase in the pollution of environmental objects. Phthalates are compounds structurally related to esters of phthalic acid that are widely used in the manufacturing of synthetic packaging materials as plasticizers. Their danger is conditioned by leaching into the environment and penetrating into living organisms with negative consequences and effects on various organs and tissues. This work presents the first development of lateral flow immunoassay to detect dibutyl phthalate, one of the most common representatives of the phthalates group. To form a test zone, a hapten-protein conjugate was synthesized, and gold nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies to dibutyl phthalate were used as a detecting conjugate. The work includes the preparation of immunoreagents, selectivity investigation, and the study of the characteristics of the medium providing a reliable optical signal. Under the selected conditions for the analysis, the detection limit was 33.4 ng/mL, and the working range of the determined concentrations was from 42.4 to 1500 ng/mL. Time of the assay-15 min. The developed technique was successfully applied to detect dibutyl phthalate in natural waters with recovery rates from 75 to 115%.
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Chen B, Li L, Hu Y, Liu B, Guo M, Zhang Q, Yang Q, Zhang M. Fluorescence turn-on immunoassay of endocrine diethyl phthalate in daily supplies using red fluorescent carbon dots. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lim HJ, Jin H, Chua B, Son A. Clustered Detection of Eleven Phthalic Acid Esters by Fluorescence of Graphene Quantum Dots Displaced from Gold Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4186-4196. [PMID: 35029109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A gold nanoparticle-quenched graphene quantum dot-based aptasensor was developed to perform clustered detection of 11 phthalic acid esters (PAEs). The binding of the target PAEs to the aptasensor frees the graphene quantum dots that are otherwise quenched by the carrier gold nanoparticle. The resultant fluorescence upon excitation is proportional to the number of freed graphene quantum dots and hence the target PAE concentration. The synthesis of the proposed aptasensor was first verified step-by-step via FT-IR measurement, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence measurement. Selectivity was evaluated for individual and combined target PAEs and compared against seven non-PAE endocrine disrupting compounds. The proposed aptasensor successfully quantified 11 PAEs in test samples with varying concentrations of 0.001-50 ng PAEs/mL and demonstrated a limit of detection of ∼4 pg./mL. Finally, the AuNP-gQD aptasensor was employed to detect multiple combinations of commonly regulated PAEs (DBP, DIBP, DEHP, and BBP). The recovery (%) for all four PAEs combination in environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 ng/mL were ∼100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Universty, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Jin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Universty, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Beelee Chua
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahjeong Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Universty, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Kim D, Lim HJ, Ahn YG, Chua B, Son A. Development of non-equilibrium rapid replacement aptamer assay for ultra-fast detection of phthalic acid esters. Talanta 2020; 219:121216. [PMID: 32887117 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a non-equilibrium rapid replacement aptamer (NERRA) assay that performed ultra-fast (in 30 s) quantitative detection of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) without waiting for the reaction to reach equilibrium. NERRA assay employed fluorescence PoPo3 dye intercalated in an ssDNA aptamer to selectively detect and quantify the PAEs in water. As the intercalated dye was replaced by the PAEs and quenched in the water, the rate of fluorescence change became proportional to PAEs concentration. The sensitivity of NERRA assay was first evaluated with a commercial spectrofluorometer. The selectivity for PAE mixture, individual PAEs, and non-phthalate compounds were also investigated. NERRA assay was also able to quantitatively detect the PAEs in a common plastic product (picnic mat), and the results were compared with those of gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Finally, a custom analyzer (8.5 cm × 8.5 cm × 16.5 cm) was built to demonstrate the portability of the NERRA assay. Using a commercial spectrofluorometer, NERRA assay was able to quantitatively detect a PAE mixture in 30 min with an LOQ of 0.1 μg/L. Using the portable custom analyzer, the detection time was shortened to 30 s with a tradeoff in the LOQ (1 μg/L). In both cases, the LOQs remain within the environmentally relevant PAE concentrations of 0.1-1472 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Lim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gyong Ahn
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Beelee Chua
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ahjeong Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingcui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
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Sun Q, Chen Y, Li F, Jia M, Shi G. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA one-step incubation ELISA kit based on monoclonal antibody against dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was developed. After optimizing concentrations of coating antigen, antibody and composition of the assay buffer, an inhibition curve was plotted. The IC50 is 29.6 ng·mL-1, and the detection limit for DBP is 3.6 ng·mL-1. Compared with other ELISA methods, this ELISA kit had a simpler sample preparation, costed less time for detection and could detect more types of sample. The recoveries of DBP in water, beverage and liquor samples were range from 78% to 110.4%, the range of coefficient of variations is 7.7-15.3%. The cross reactivity was very low (&1%) except that for butyl benzyl phthalate (3.9%) and the di-isobutyl phthalate (12.5%). The detection results in liquor showed good correlation with those from GC-MS. All data above indicated that this kit could be used as the fast and high-throughput screening of DBP in water, beverage and liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fuxue Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Minghong Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products- Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guoqing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products- Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Lim HJ, Kim AR, Yoon MY, You Y, Chua B, Son A. Development of quantum dot aptasensor and its portable analyzer for the detection of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 121:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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A Chemical Synthesis of Benzo[ a]pyrene Hapten and Its Application in a Streptavidin-Horseradish Peroxidase-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunological Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/8673476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific BaP hapten was synthesized and BaP antigens (immunogen, coating antigen) were prepared using diverse methods. Based on these works, a streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase-based enzyme-linked immunological analysis was developed and firstly used to detect BaP. Several physiochemical factors that may influence the assay performance were optimized in the assay. Under optimal conditions, a detection limit of 0.0094 ng mL−1 was obtained and good linearity was achieved within a range of 0.03–35.40 ng mL−1. Satisfactory recovery of spiked samples (91.12–109.23%) was obtained and the coefficient of variation was acceptable. Finally, the detection results of BaP in environmental and food samples were consistent with those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography. The proposed immunoassay is reliable and has great potential for detecting trace amounts of BaP.
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Tian X, Dong Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Meng M, Eremin SA, Deng C, Yin Y, Xi R. Quantification of Diethyl Phthalate by a Rapid and Homogenous Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sun R, Zhuang H. Development of a highly sensitive biotin–streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting diethyl phthalate based on a specific polyclonal antibody. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1027666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Biotin-Streptavidin Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Dibutyl Phthalate in Beverages and Drinking Water Using a Specific Polyclonal Antibody. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-0085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sun RY, Zhuang HS. An indirect competitive biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in milk and milk products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:275-284. [PMID: 25714459 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.999601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
After the "plasticizer event" in Taiwan, phthalic acid esters (PAEs) have been listed in "Inedible materials possibly added into food illegally" and "Commonly abused food additives." As one of the PAEs family, DMP has long been a problem of great concern due to its potential impacts on human health. In order to detect DMP with high sensitivity and specificity, a sensitive indirect competitive biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) has been established in this study. A high-titer rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb-DMP) targeting DMP was obtained, and the procedures of BA-ELISA were optimized for the determination of DMP in milk and milk products. Under optimal conditions, good linearity was achieved within a range of 0.024 to 6.027 μg L(-1), with low cross-reactivity values for DMP structural analogues (lower than 10%). The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.356 μg L(-1) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0082 μg L(-1). Finally, the concentrations of DMP in milk and milk products ranged from 1.03 μg kg(-1) to 7.23 μg kg(-1) by BA-ELISA. Satisfactory recoveries (90.26-112.38%) and coefficient of variation (CV) values (5.08-8.46%) were obtained. These results were consistent with those using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which further confirmed that the proposed BA-ELISA was accurate, specific, reliable and rapid for routine monitoring trace DMP residues in foodstuff, especially milk and milk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Y Sun
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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Xu F, Wang W, Jiang H, Wang Z, Wang Z, Guo P, Sun S, Ding S. Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Dibutyl Phthalate in White Wine, Compared With GC-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang M, Hu Y, Liu S, Cong Y, Liu B, Wang L. A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of dipropyl phthalate in plastic food contact materials. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2012.670615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Grandke J, Oberleitner L, Resch-Genger U, Garbe LA, Schneider RJ. Quality assurance in immunoassay performance—comparison of different enzyme immunoassays for the determination of caffeine in consumer products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1601-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A Highly Sensitive Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ic-ELISA) by Antigen Coating for Diethyl Phthalate Analysis in Foods. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Rapid Monitoring of Dipropyl Phthalate in Food Samples Using a Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhang M, Liu B, Cong Y, Liu S, Hu Y. Development of highly specific fluorescence immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of dimethyl phthalate in water samples. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2011.575124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zhang M, Liu S, Zhuang H, Hu Y. Determination of dimethyl phthalate in environment water samples by a highly sensitive indirect competitive ELISA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:436-45. [PMID: 22081328 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent controversy over the discovery of clouding agents containing the banned chemical di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in beverages in 2011 in Taiwan has caused public concerns. For the detection of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in environment water samples, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed in this paper. Dimethyl 4-aminophthalate (4-DMAP) was covalently attached to bovine serum albumin as immunogen by a diazotization method. The conjugation of DMAP and ovalbumin as coating antigen was obtained in the same way. Polyclonal antibody was obtained from New Zealand white rabbits. Under the optimized conditions, DMP was detected in the concentration range of 0.02-419 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of river water, lake water, and rain water samples. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 90.6% to 105.5%. The cross-reactivities of the anti-DMP antibody to seven structurally related phthalate esters were below 10%. The data demonstrated that the ic-ELISA method described in our study is a simple, sensitive, and specific method and showed that this assay is a reliable tool to detect DMP in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Anhui Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
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Zhang M, Cong Y, Sheng Y, Liu B. A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by antibody coated for diethyl phthalate analysis. Anal Biochem 2010; 406:24-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kuang H, Xu L, Cui G, Ma W, Xu C. Development of determination of di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) residue by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09540101003758962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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An Indirect Competitive Fluorescence Immunoassay for Determination of Dicyclohexyl Phthalate in Water Samples. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:1167-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhou C, Wang QE, Gao SS, Zhuang HS. Determination of naphthalene by competitive fluorescence immunoassay. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 154:233-239. [PMID: 18553145 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A reliable and sensitive competitive fluorescence immunoassay for the quantitative determination of naphthalene (NA) was developed. 2-naphthoxy acetic acid (NAA) was selected as the hapten of naphthalene. Active ester method (AEM) was used to couple the NAA to carrier proteins (bovine serum albumin) to form artificial immune antigen. Male New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with this antigen to obtain polyclonal antibodies, with which, a novel fluorescence immunoassay for detection of NA was described. Under best conditions, NA can be determined in the concentration range of 0.1-100 microg/L with a detection limit of 0.05 microg/L. The cross-reactivities of the anti-NA antibody to seven structurally related compounds were below 15%. Some environmental samples were analyzed with satisfactory results. It shows a good accuracy and suitability to analyze NA in environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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