Subsecond FFT‐adsorptive Voltammetric Technique as a Novel Method for Subnano Level Monitoring of Piroxicam in its Tablets and Bulk Form at Au Microelectrode in Flowing Solutions

Piroxicam

A comprehensive profile of piroxicam including the nomenclatures, formulae, elemental composition, appearance, uses and applications. The methods which were utilized for the preparation of the drug substance and their respective schemes are outlined. The physical characteristics of the drug including the ionization constant, solubility, x-ray powder diffraction pattern, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal behavior and spectroscopic studies are described. The methods which were used for the analysis of the drug substance in bulk drug and/or in pharmaceutical formulations including the compendial, spectrophotometric, electrochemical and the chromatographic methods are reported. The stability, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, drug evaluation, comparison, in addition to compiled reviews on the drug substance are involved. Finally, more than four hundred and fifty references are listed at the end of this profile.

Physioelectrochemical investigation of the supercapacitive performance of a ternary nanocomposite by common electrochemical methods and fast Fourier transform voltammetry

Fast Fourier transform continuous cyclic voltammetry as a new technique for the explanation of a composite electrode for supercapacitors.

Application of a continuous square-wave potential program for sub nano molar determination of ketotifen

An electroanalytical method has been developed for the determination of the ketotifen by continuous square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry on a ultra-gold microelectrode (Au UME) in aqueous solution with phosphate buffer as supporting electrolyte. The best adsorption conditions were found to be pH 2.3, an accumulation potential of 300 mV (Au vs. Ag: AgCl-KCl 3 M) and an accumulation time of 400 ms. Variation of admittance in the detection process is created by inhibition of oxidation reaction of the electrode surface, by adsorption of ketotifen. Furthermore, signal-to-noise ratio was significantly increased by application of discrete fast Fourier transform (FFT) method, background subtraction and two-dimensional integration of the electrode response over a selected potential range and time window. Also in this work some parameters such as square-wave frequency, eluent pH, and accumulation time were optimized. Effects of square-wave frequency, step potential and pulse amplitude were examined for the optimization of instrumental conditions. The calibration curve is linear in the range 2.0x10(-7)---5.0x10(-12) M with a detection limit of 2.0x10(-12) M (ca. 0.7 pg/ml). The method maybe applied direct determination of the drug in pharmaceutical and biological samples. For a concentration of 5.0x10(-8) M a recovery value of 99.89% is obtained.