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Martinez-Rojas F, Espinosa-Bustos C, Ramirez G, Armijo F. Electrochemical oxidation of chlorpromazine, characterisation of products by mass spectroscopy and determination in pharmaceutical samples. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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2
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Mohamadighader N, Nematollahi D, Saraei M. A comprehensive study on electrochemical oxidation of phenothiazine in water-acetonitrile mixture: Electrosynthesis of phenothiazine dimers. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Pulikkutty S, Manjula N, Chen TW, Chen SM, Lou BS, Siddiqui MR, Wabaidur SM, Ali MA. Fabrication of gadolinium zinc oxide anchored with functionalized-SWCNT planted on glassy carbon electrode: Potential detection of psychotropic drug (phenothiazine) in biotic sample. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Koventhan C, Vinothkumar V, Chen SM, Veerakumar P, Lin KC. Polyol-assisted synthesis of spinel-type magnesium cobalt oxide nanochains for voltammetric determination of the antipsychotic drug thioridazine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vinothkumar V, Kesavan G, Chen SM. Highly selective voltammetric detection of antipsychotic drug thioridazine hydrochloride based on NiO@Gd2O3 modified screen printed carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Koventhan C, Kumar NKR, Chen SM, Pandi K, Sangili A. Polyol mediated synthesis of hexagonal manganese cobaltate nanoparticles for voltammetric determination of thioridazine. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kuzin YI, Khadieva AI, Padnya PL, Khannanov AA, Kutyreva MP, Stoikov II, Evtugyn GA. Electrochemistry of new derivatives of phenothiazine: Electrode kinetics and electropolymerization conditions. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Habibi B, Pashazadeh S, Saghatforoush LA, Pashazadeh A. A thioridazine hydrochloride electrochemical sensor based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-67-functionalized bio-mobile crystalline material-41 carbon quantum dots. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01949j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we introduce an innovative nanocomposite based on ZIF-67/Bio-MCM-41/CQDs in order to fabricate a novel electrochemical sensor at the glassy carbon electrode and for the first time applied for the electrodetermination of the thioridazine hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biuck Habibi
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
- Tabriz 53714-161
| | - Sara Pashazadeh
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
- Tabriz 53714-161
| | | | - Ali Pashazadeh
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
- Tabriz 53714-161
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One-pot sonochemical synthesis of marigold flower-like structured ruthenium doped bismuth sulfide for the highly sensitive detection of antipsychotic drug thioridazine in the human serum sample. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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The use of micro carbon pencil lead electrode for sensitive HPLC-ED analysis of selected antipsychotic drugs. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Sakthivel R, Annalakshmi M, Chen SM, Kubendhiran S. Synergistic activity of binary metal sulphide WS 2–RuS 2 nanospheres for the electrochemical detection of the antipsychotic drug promazine. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic presentation for the synthesis of tungsten disulfide–ruthenium disulfide (WS2–RuS2) nanospheres and application for the electrochemical determination of antipsychotic drug promazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Sakthivel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Muthaiah Annalakshmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
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Sebastian N, Yu WC, Hu YC, Balram D, Yu YH. Sonochemical synthesis of iron-graphene oxide/honeycomb-like ZnO ternary nanohybrids for sensitive electrochemical detection of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 59:104696. [PMID: 31430655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective determination of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ) based on the iron (Fe) nanoparticles-loaded graphene oxide (GO-Fe)/three dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanohybrid modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The 3D hierarchical honeycomb-like ZnO was synthesized using a novel aqueous hydrothermal method and the GO-Fe/ZnO nanohybrid was prepared based on an inexpensive and fast sonochemical method using a high-intensity ultrasonic bath (Delta DC200H, 200 W, 40 KHz). Characterizations including scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were carried out as part of this work. The electrocatalytic oxidation behavior of CPZ at various electrodes was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry technique, through which the GO-Fe/ZnO modified SPCE was identified as the best performing electrode. The quantitative determination of CPZ was then performed using the differential pulse voltammetry technique. The as-prepared GO-Fe/ZnO/SPCE sensor exhibited a quick and sensitive response towards the oxidation of CPZ with linear concentration ranges from 0.02 to 172.74 μM and 222.48 to 1047.74 μM. The modified SPCE sensor displayed a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 µM and a high sensitivity of 7.56 µA µM-1 cm-2. The proposed sensor also showed remarkable operational and storage stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Furthermore, the practicability of the GO-Fe/ZnO/SPCE sensor has been verified with real sample analysis using commercial antipsychotic CPZ tablets and human urine samples, and adequate recovery has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Sebastian
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Chin Yu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Chung Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deepak Balram
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC.
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Nycz JE, Wantulok J, Sokolova R, Pajchel L, Stankevič M, Szala M, Malecki JG, Swoboda D. Synthesis and Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of 4,7-diamino-1,10-phenanthrolines and Their Precursors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224102. [PMID: 31766294 PMCID: PMC6891714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches to the synthesis of 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthrolines and their corresponding 9H-carbazol-9-yl-, 10H-phenothiazin-10-yl- and pyrrolidin-1-yl derivatives were developed. Their properties have been characterized by a combination of several techniques: MS, HRMS, GC-MS, electronic absorption spectroscopy and multinuclear NMR in both solution and solid state including 15N CP/MAS NMR. The structures of 5-fluoro-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-di(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (5d), 4,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9-oxo-9,10-dihydro-1,10-phenanthroline-5-carbonitrile (6a) and 4,7-di(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline-5-carbonitrile (6b) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The nucleophilic substitutions of hydrogen followed by oxidation produced compounds 6a and 6b. The electrochemical properties of selected 1,10-phenanthrolines were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and compared with commercially available reference 1,10-phenanthrolin-5-amine (5l). The spatial distribution of frontier molecular orbitals of the selected compounds has been calculated by density functional theory (DFT). It was shown that potentials of reduction and oxidation were in consistence with the level of HOMO and LUMO energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek E. Nycz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9; PL-40007 Katowice, Poland; (J.W.); (J.G.M.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-359-1446
| | - Jakub Wantulok
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9; PL-40007 Katowice, Poland; (J.W.); (J.G.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Romana Sokolova
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukasz Pajchel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Stankevič
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University, 33 Gliniana St, PL-20614 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jan Grzegorz Malecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9; PL-40007 Katowice, Poland; (J.W.); (J.G.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniel Swoboda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9; PL-40007 Katowice, Poland; (J.W.); (J.G.M.); (D.S.)
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Romanov AS, Jones STE, Gu Q, Conaghan PJ, Drummond BH, Feng J, Chotard F, Buizza L, Foley M, Linnolahti M, Credgington D, Bochmann M. Carbene metal amide photoemitters: tailoring conformationally flexible amides for full color range emissions including white-emitting OLED. Chem Sci 2019; 11:435-446. [PMID: 32190264 PMCID: PMC7067249 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformationally flexible "Carbene-Metal-Amide" (CMA) complexes of copper and gold have been developed based on a combination of sterically hindered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) and 6- and 7-ring heterocyclic amide ligands. These complexes show photoemissions across the visible spectrum with PL quantum yields of up to 89% in solution and 83% in host-guest films. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) studies combined with DFT calculations indicate the important role of ring structure and conformational flexibility of the amide ligands. Time-resolved PL shows efficient delayed emission with sub-microsecond to microsecond excited state lifetimes at room temperature, with radiative rates exceeding 106 s-1. Yellow organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a 7-ring gold amide were fabricated by thermal vapor deposition, while the sky-blue to warm-white mechanochromic behavior of the gold phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide complex enabled fabrication of the first CMA-based white light-emitting OLED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Romanov
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK . ;
| | - Saul T E Jones
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Qinying Gu
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Patrick J Conaghan
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Bluebell H Drummond
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Jiale Feng
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Florian Chotard
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK . ;
| | - Leonardo Buizza
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Morgan Foley
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , Joensuu Campus , FI-80101 Joensuu , Finland .
| | - Dan Credgington
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK . ;
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Tajik S, Garkani-Nejad F, Beitollahi H. Synthesis of La3+/Co3O4 Nanoflowers for Sensitive Detection of Chlorpromazine. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Introduction:Schizophrenia is seizures accompanied by severe psychotic symptoms, and a steady state of continuation in the form of periods of stagnation. Antipsychotics are now the basis of treatment for schizophrenia and there is no other molecule that is antipsychotic priority in treatment. Antipsychotics can be classified into two groups; dopamine receptor antagonists such as promazine, fluphenazine etc. and serotonin-dopamine antagonists including risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole etc.Materials and Methods:Electrochemical methods have been used for the determination of antipsychotic agent just as used in the determination of many drug agents. Nearly all of the antipsychotics are electroactive and can be analyzed by electrochemical methods. Electroanalytical methods offer generally high sensitivity, are compatible with modern techniques, have low cost, low requirements, and compact design. Among the most commonly used types, there are cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry.Conclusion:The aim of this review is to evaluate the main line and the advantages and uses of electroanalytical methods that employed for the determination of antipsychotic medication agents used in schizophrenia. Moreover, applications of the methods to pharmaceutical analysis of Antipsychotics upto- date is also summarized in a table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Karadurmus
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duru Kır
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Blazheyevskiy M, Moroz V. A new oxidative derivatization method for spectrophotometric determination of Periciazine in pharmaceutical preparations. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv7i2p52-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new the oxidative derivatization method by means of peroxoacid for the indirect spectrophotometric determination of Periciazine is presented. A potassium hydrogenperoxymonosulfateas a derivatizing agent for Periciazine, yielding the absorbative Periciazine sulfoxide at λmaх=362 nm is proposed. This reaction product was successfully employed for spectrophotometric determination of the Periciazine. The UV spectrophotometric determination of the Periciazine as its sulfoxide proved to be the more simple and selective method. Limit of quantification (LOQ=10S) is 2.8 µg·mL-1. The common excipients employed do not interfere in the determination of phenothiazine drug. Results of analysis of the drug dosage forms by the proposed method are in good agreement with those of the official method. RSD=1.76 % (δ <RSD).
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A Facile Electrochemical Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide@Polydopamine Composite: A Novel Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Amperometric Detection of Chlorpromazine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33599. [PMID: 27650697 PMCID: PMC5030524 DOI: 10.1038/srep33599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel and sensitive amperometric sensor for chlorpromazine (CPZ) based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and polydopamine (PDA) composite modified glassy carbon electrode. The RGO@PDA composite was prepared by electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with PDA. The RGO@PDA composite modified electrode shows an excellent electro-oxidation behavior to CPZ when compared with other modified electrodes such as GO, RGO and GO@PDA. Amperometric i-t method was used for the determination of CPZ. Amperometry result shows that the RGO@PDA composite detects CPZ in a linear range from 0.03 to 967.6 μM. The sensor exhibits a low detection limit of 0.0018 μM with the analytical sensitivity of 3.63 ± 0.3 μAμM–1 cm–2. The RGO@PDA composite shows its high selectivity towards CPZ in the presence of potentially interfering drugs such as metronidazole, phenobarbital, chlorpheniramine maleate, pyridoxine and riboflavin. In addition, the fabricated RGO@PDA modified electrode showed an appropriate recovery towards CPZ in the pharmaceutical tablets.
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MIELECH-LUKASIEWICZ K, STASKOWSKA E. Sensitive and Rapid Voltammetric Determination of Phenothiazine and Azaphenothiazine Derivatives in Pharmaceuticals Using a Boron-doped Diamond Electrode. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:961-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mashhadizadeh MH, Afshar E. Electrochemical Studies and Selective Detection of Thioridazine Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with ZnS Nanoparticles and Simultaneous Determination of Thioridazine and Olanzapine. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Ensafi AA, Arabzadeh A. A new sensor for electrochemical determination of captopril using chlorpromazine as a mediator at a glassy carbon electrode. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934812050024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Uslu B, Ozkan SA. Electroanalytical Methods for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals: A Review of Recent Trends and Developments. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.553010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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24
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Guerreiro JRL, Sales MGF. Disposable solid state probe for optical screening of chlorpromazine. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Biomimetic sensors of molecularly-imprinted polymers for chlorpromazine determination. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Voltammetric measurement of trace amount of glutathione using multiwall carbon nanotubes as a sensor and chlorpromazine as a mediator. J Solid State Electrochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-009-0978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shahrokhian S, Ghalkhani M, Adeli M, Amini MK. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with immobilised cobalt nanoparticle for modification of glassy carbon electrode: application to sensitive voltammetric determination of thioridazine. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3235-41. [PMID: 19443205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were immobilised with cobalt nanoparticles and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. This modification procedure substantially improved colloidal dispersion of the immobilised MWCNTs in water and organic solvents, yielding uniform and stable thin films for modification of the glassy carbon electrode surface. The modified electrode showed an efficient catalytic role for the electrochemical oxidation of thioridazine (TR), leading to remarkable decrease in its oxidation overpotential of approximately 100 mV and enhancement of the kinetics of the electrode reaction, which can be confirmed by increasing in the peak current and sharpness of the peak. A remarkable enhancement in microscopic area of the electrode together with the catalytic role of the composite modifier resulted in a considerable increase of the peak current (approximately 55 times), and negative shift in the oxidation potential of TR. The effect of the thickness of the modifier on the GCE surface was optimized by monitoring its cyclic voltammetric responses toward TR. The mechanism of the electrocatalytic process on the surface of the modified electrode was analyzed by obtaining the cyclic voltammograms at various potential sweep rates and pHs of the buffer solutions. Differential pulse voltammetry was applied as a very sensitive analytical method for the determination of sub-micromolar amounts of TR. A linear dynamic range of 5.0 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-4)M with a detection limit of 5.0 x 10(-8)M TR was obtained. The prepared modified electrode shows several advantages such as simple preparation method, high stability and uniformity in the composite film, high sensitivity, and excellent catalytic activity in physiological conditions, long-term stability and remarkable voltammetric reproducibility. These excellent properties make the prepared sensor suitable for analysis in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations. The modified electrode was successfully applied for the accurate determination of minor amounts of TR in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shahrokhian
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Puzanowska-Tarasiewicz H, Kuzmicka L, Misiuk W, Regulska E. Analytical Application of the Binary and Ternary Complexes of 2,10-Disubstituted Phenothiazines. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802440558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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