A Novel QCM-based Biosensor for Detection of Microorganisms Producing Hydrogen Sulfide

Detection of S2− in Water by a Glucose Enhanced Water-Soluble Fluorescent Bioprobe

That sulfide anions (S2−) in aquatic environments are produced by microorganisms through degrading sulfur-containing proteins and other organics are harmful to human health. Thus, it is of significance to develop a convenient method for the detection of S2− in water. Small molecular fluorescent probes are very popular for their advantages of visualization, real-time, high sensitivity, and convenience. However, low solubility in water limits the application of existing S2− probes. In this work, we found that our previously developed water-soluble glycosylated fluorescent bioprobe Cu[GluC] can achieve detection of S2− in water. Cu[GluC] can restore fluorescence within 20 s when it encounters S2− and shows good sensitivity towards S2− with a detection limit of 49.6 nM. Besides, Cu[GluC] derived fluorescent test strips were obtained by immersion and realized conveniently visual S2− detection in water by coupling with a UV lamp and a smartphone app. This work provides a fluorescent bioprobe with good water solubility as well as its derived fluorescent test strip for sensitive and simple detection of S2− in water, which shows good prospects in on-site water quality monitoring.

Review of Fiber Optical Sensors and Its Importance in Sewer Corrosion Factor Analysis

Adverse effects of wastewater on the hygiene of human and circumstances is a major issue in society. Appropriate refining systems with high efficiency is required to treat the wastewater. Sewage treatment plant plays a major and important role in conserving incredible nature of the environment. Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) is an important phenomenon in sewage structures which causes the deterioration of infrastructures. Huge capital has been spent and efforts have been made on wastewater treatment infrastructure to increase operating efficiency and reliability of compliance. The investments in reimbursement and maintenance of sewer structures upsurge with an increase in the rate of MIC. The focus of this review is to describe MIC in sewer structure and the factors influencing the corrosion such as the generation of Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Relative Humidity (RH), pH of the concrete structure and temperature. Modern developments in the design of Fiber Optical Sensors (FOSs) for observing the parameters including pH, Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), RH and temperature will be discussed.

Hydrogen Sulfide: a Novel Immunoinflammatory Regulator in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), an endogenous, gaseous, signaling transmitter, has been shown to have vasodilative, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activities. Increasing evidence also indicates that H₂S can suppress the production of inflammatory mediators by immune cells, for example, T cells and macrophages. Inflammation is closely related to an immune response in several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and cancer. Considering these biological effects of H₂S, a potential role in the treatment of immune-related RA is being exploited. In the present review, we will provide an overview of the therapeutic potential of H₂S in RA treatment.

Recent Advances in the Construction of Flexible Sensors for Biomedical Applications

The fabrication of flexible sensors is a potential way to promote the progress of modern social science and technology due to their wide applications in high-performance electronic equipment and devices. Flexible sensors based on organic materials combine the unique advantages of flexibility and low cost, increasing interest in healthcare monitoring, treatment, and human-machine interfaces. Advances in materials science and biotechnology have rapidly accelerated the development of bio-integrated multifunctional sensors and devices. Due to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties, many types of functional materials provided benefits for the construction of various sensors with improved flexibility and stretchability. In this review, recent advance in the fabrication of flexible sensors by using functional nanomaterials including nanoparticles, carbon materials, metal-organic materials, and polymers is presented. In addition, the potential biomedical applications of the fabricated flexible sensors for detecting gas molecules signals, small molecules, DNA/RNA, proteins, others are introduced and discussed.

A Review of Hydrogen Sulfide Synthesis, Metabolism, and Measurement: Is Modulation of Hydrogen Sulfide a Novel Therapeutic for Cancer?

Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as the third gaseous transmitter alongside nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. In the past decade, numerous studies have demonstrated an active role of H2S in the context of cancer biology. Recent Advances: The three H2S-producing enzymes, namely cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST), have been found to be highly expressed in numerous types of cancer. Moreover, inhibition of CBS has shown anti-tumor activity, particularly in colon cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer, whereas the consequence of CSE or 3MST inhibition remains largely unexplored in cancer cells. Intriguingly, H2S donation at high amounts or a long time duration has also been observed to induce cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo while sparing noncancerous fibroblast cells. Therefore, a bell-shaped model has been proposed to explain the role of H2S in cancer development. Specifically, endogenous H2S or a relatively low level of exogenous H2S may exhibit a pro-cancer effect, whereas exposure to H2S at a higher amount or for a long period may lead to cancer cell death. This indicates that inhibition of H2S biosynthesis and H2S supplementation serve as two distinct ways for cancer treatment. This paradoxical role of H2S has stimulated the enthusiasm for the development of novel CBS inhibitors, H2S donors, and H2S-releasing hybrids. Critical Issues: A clear relationship between H2S level and cancer progression remains lacking. The possibility that the altered levels of these byproducts have influenced the cell viability of cancer cells has not been excluded in previous studies when modulating H2S producing enzymes. Future Directions: The consequence of CSE or 3MST inhibition in cancer cells need to be examined in the future. Better portrayal of the crosstalk among these gaseous transmitters may not only lead to an in-depth understanding of cancer progression but also shed light on novel strategies for cancer therapy.