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Dass C, Kusmierz JJ, Desiderio DM. Mass spectrometric quantification of endogenous beta-endorphin. BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1991; 20:130-8. [PMID: 2069984 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the B/E linked-field scan mode were used to quantify endogenous beta-endorphin (BE) in individual human pituitary extracts. The experimental protocol includes the addition of a stable isotope-labeled internal standard ((2H4-Ile22)BE1-31, human) to the tissue homogenate before extraction, purification of the native BE by a combination of Sep-Pak chromatography and gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), trypsin digestion to cleave BE into smaller peptides, and separation of the tryptic fragment BE20-24 (NAIIK) by isocratic reversed-phase HPLC. Mass spectrometric quantification is based upon recording either (a) the [M + H]+ ions of NAIIK and its deuterated analog ((2H4)NAIIK), or (b) the transitions ([NAIIK + H](+)----[NAI]+) and [((2H4)NAIIK + H](+)----[(2H4)NAI]+) using the B/E linked-field scan. Linear calibration curves were obtained using these two mass spectrometric techniques from standard solutions containing 1.25-20 micrograms of BE; each standard solution also contained 10 micrograms of (2H4)BE. The amounts (means +/- s.d.) of endogenous BE in five separate human pituitaries were found to be 156 +/- 84 [( M + H]+ method) and 169 +/- 99 pmol mg-1 protein (MRM method).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dass
- Charles B. Stout Neuroscience Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Tennessee-Memphis 38163
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Liu DX, Wood GW, Desiderio DM. Proenkephalin A and proopiomelanocortin peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 530:235-52. [PMID: 1964161 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Precursors to beta-endorphin (BE) and methionine enkephalin (ME), and proteolytic enzymes that cleave those BE and ME precursors to BE and ME, were determined in several milliliters of human cerebrospinal fluid. Endogenous peptides were purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and were detected with radioreceptor assay (RRA), radioimmunoassay, and mass spectrometry (MS). Total opioid receptor activity measurements and the profile of HPLC-receptor activity of human CSF samples were both used to monitor neuropeptide metabolism. MS data linked the molecular ion of ME to a unique fragment ion. A later-eluting fraction (84 min) in a 90-min HPLC gradient appeared in all HPLC-RRA profiles, contained opioid receptor activity that displaced [3H]etorphine, and the quantitative and qualitative patterns of opioid receptor activity in those profiles both changed within the few minutes that elapsed between acquiring the first and second cerebrospinal fluid samples. That 84-min fraction contained precursors to opioid peptides and was fractionated further with a more shallow 120-min HPLC gradient into three sections that displayed delta-opioid receptor-preferring activity, using [3H]ME as ligand. These three sections were hydrolyzed separately with human cerebrospinal fluid as the source for endogenous neuropeptides to yield products that correlated to immunoreactive BE in section I and immunoreactive ME in section III.
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Affiliation(s)
- D X Liu
- Charles B. Stout Neuroscience Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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Liu DX, Dass C, Wood G, Desiderio DM. Opioid and tachykinin peptides, and their precursors and precursor-processing enzymes, in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr A 1990; 500:395-412. [PMID: 2329143 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)96081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Opioid and tachykinin neuropeptides, which were derived from two biological sources (intact, and released from their corresponding precursors by the action of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuropeptidases), were characterized in human CSF by using a combination of post-high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) detection techniques. Peptides were separated using gradient and isocratic reversed-phase HPLC. Radioimmunoassay measured immunoreactivity corresponding to several different individual neuropeptides including methionine enkephalin, leucine enkephalin, substance P and beta-endorphin. Commercial enzymes (trypsin, carboxypeptidase B) were used to release methionine- and leucine-enkephalin from precursors. Human CSF also served as a source of endogenous neuropeptidases. Mass spectrometry produced fragment ions that corroborated the amino acid sequence of methionine enkephalin and of substance P derived from both sources (intact, from precursors). These results demonstrated the presence of endogenous intact neuropeptides, several different neuropeptide-containing precursors and appropriate precursor-processing enzymes in human CSF for precursors of methionine enkephalin, leucine enkephalin, beta-endorphin1-31 and substance P.
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Affiliation(s)
- D X Liu
- Charles B. Stout Neuroscience Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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Lacombe C, Promé D, Blouquit Y, Bardakdjian J, Arous N, Mrad A, Promé JC, Rosa J. New results of hemoglobin variant structure determinations by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Hemoglobin 1990; 14:529-48. [PMID: 2079433 DOI: 10.3109/03630269009005806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has already been used for the identification of mutations in abnormal human hemoglobin chains. This paper presents new results obtained with this technique. The methodology used here is compared with more conventional biochemical techniques and automated microsequencing. In every case, a well-chosen combination of peptide-high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, amino acid analysis, and sequence analysis led rapidly to the identification of the mutant. The high sensitivity of these techniques holds great promise for the analysis of molecular abnormalities in various genetic disorders presently detectable only by the application of a molecular biological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lacombe
- I.N.S.E.R.M. U.91, C.N.R.S. UA 607, C.H.U. Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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Mück WM, Henion JD. Determination of leucine enkephalin and methionine enkephalin in equine cerebrospinal fluid by microbore high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1989; 495:41-59. [PMID: 2613826 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The performance of microbore high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis, both equipped with on-line tandem mass spectrometric detection capability, was evaluated critically for the determination of endogenous amounts of leucine enkephalin and methionine enkephalin in equine cerebrospinal fluid. Using an identical sample clean-up and enrichment procedure, capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry is limited in its concentration detection capacity owing to its much smaller injection volume. Leucine enkephalin was identified in post-mortem equine cerebrospinal fluid at the 1-5 ng/ml level by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Mück
- Equine Drug Testing and Toxicology Program, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14850
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Characterization of neuropeptides by fast atom bombardment and B/E linked-field scan techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(89)83032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dass C, Fridland GH, Tinsley PW, Killmar JT, Desiderio DM. Characterization of beta-endorphin in human pituitary by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of trypsin-generated fragments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1989; 34:81-7. [PMID: 2530186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1989.tb01494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel mass spectrometric method possessing a high level of structural specificity is described for characterization in biological fluids and tissues of endogenous beta-endorphin of the human amino acid sequence (beta h-EP). The method is based upon purification of tissue extracts by an RP-HPLC gradient, followed by trypsinolysis of that particular HPLC fraction corresponding to the elution time of synthetic beta h-EP. The tryptic digest of that endogenous beta h-EP fraction was purified further by a second RP-HPLC gradient. A unique tryptic fragment selected from the second gradient was analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and B/E linked-field scan MS/MS techniques to provide molecular weight and amino acid sequence-determining fragment ion information, respectively, of that fragment. Collectively, these independent analytical methodologies provided unequivocal structure evidence for the presence of endogenous beta h-EP in human pituitary. The method was established first by utilizing synthetic beta h-EP to optimize experimental parameters, and then applied to the analysis of beta h-EP in post-mortem human pituitary extracts. The suitability of the present method for semi-quantitation of tissue extracts is also demonstrated. The corresponding detection limit of the synthetic beta h-EP was 90 fmol, and human pituitary contained 1.5 pmol of beta h-EP mg-1 protein. The method can be extended readily to the analysis of beta-endorphin derived from other species and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dass
- Charles B. Stout Neuroscience Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis
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Liu D, Desiderio DM. Radioreceptorassay of Opioid Peptides With3H-Methionine Enkephalin and a Canine Limbic System Receptor Preparation. ANAL LETT 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718808066353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tanzer FS, Tolun E, Fridland GH, Dass C, Killmar J, Tinsley PW, Desiderio DM. Methionine-enkephalin peptides in human teeth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1988; 32:117-22. [PMID: 3065264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1988.tb00671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the free opioid pentapeptide methionine enkephalin (ME) and of ME-containing peptide(s) was established firmly in decalcified, depulped human teeth by using a combination of methods including RP-HPLC, radioimmunoassay, radioreceptorassay, trypsin, carboxypeptidase B, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and MS/MS methodology. Positive structural identification of ME was made with mass spectrometry. Those data demonstrate the presence of the preproenkephalinergic A system in the human trigeminal sensory termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Tanzer
- Department of Biologic and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis
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Abstract
A canine limbic system preparation was used as the source of opioid peptide receptors to screen biologic extracts for the presence of opioid receptoractive peptides following their gradient RP-HPLC separation. Eight synthetic dynorphin peptides were studied for their ability to displace the commonly-used ligand 3H-etorphine from the canine limbic system P2 preparation. The peptides studied included the dynorphins 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-12, 1-13, 1-17, and dynorphin B. Two different types of opioid peptide molecules were utilized for the determination of the level of non-specific binding. In one study, methionine enkephalin, and in the second study each one of the eight corresponding dynorphins, was used for determination of non-specific binding. The experimental data indicated that 3H-etorphine bound to the canine limbic system P2 receptors, and that those dynorphins displaced effectively the 3H-etorphine from those receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D X Liu
- Charles B. Stout Neuroscience Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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Fridland GH, Desiderio DM. Measurement of opioid peptides with combinations of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay, radioreceptorassay, and mass spectrometry. Life Sci 1987; 41:809-12. [PMID: 3613841 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel state-of-the-art mass spectrometric methods have been developed and are now used to identify and to quantify enkephalins and other neuropeptides in biological tissue extracts. As the first step, RP-HPLC gradient elution is performed of a Sep-Pak treated peptide-rich fraction from a tissue extract, and the eluent is monitored by a variety of post-HPLC detectors. In an effort to maximize the structural information that can be obtained from the analysis, UV (200 nm) provides the analog absorption trace; receptorassay analysis (RRA) data of all (90) fractions that are collected are used to construct the profile of opioid-receptoractive peptides; radioimmunoassay (RIA) of selected HPLC fractions at retention times corresponding to the retention time of standards, or in some special cases of all 90-fractions, provides immunoreactivity information; and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) in two modes - corroboration of the (M+H)+ of the expected peptide, or MS/MS to monitor an amino acid sequence-determining fragment ion unique to that peptide in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode - provides structural information. As a demonstration of the level of quantification sensitivity that can be attained by these novel MS methods, FAB-MS-MS-SIM of solutions of synthetic leucine enkephalin was sensitive to the 70 femtomole level. This paper discusses RIA versus RRA data, and recent MS measurements of peptides in human tissues.
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Abstract
Positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometries have been used to determine the amino acid sequence-determining fragment ion information of opioid peptides containing from 5 to 10 amino acid residues. The opioids investigated include several enkephalins, dynorphin A fragments 1-7 through 1-10, and alpha- and beta-neoendorphins. Data obtained in the two ionization polarities provide complementary information and exhibit the C-terminal- and the N-terminal-containing amino acid sequence-determining fragment ions that are formed by cleavage of the bond between the carbonyl group and the alpha-carbon (-CHR-CO-), the peptide amide bond (-CO-NH-), and the amino-alkyl (-NH-CHR-) bond. The C-terminal sequence ions are dominant in the positive ion mode, whereas the C-terminal and N-terminal ions are equally important in the negative ion mode. Detection limits for full mass scans extend down to the picomole range. The apparent role of hydrophobicity of the amino acid residues on the fragmentation characteristics of the peptide is discussed.
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Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic—radioreceptor assay of human cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(87)80440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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