Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Prednisone Acetate by Oxidation withN-Bromosuccinimide

Use of Bromine and Bromo-Organic Compounds in Organic Synthesis

Bromination is one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis and can be carried out using bromine and many other bromo compounds. Use of molecular bromine in organic synthesis is well-known. However, due to the hazardous nature of bromine, enormous growth has been witnessed in the past several decades for the development of solid bromine carriers. This review outlines the use of bromine and different bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis. The applications of bromine, a total of 107 bromo-organic compounds, 11 other brominating agents, and a few natural bromine sources were incorporated. The scope of these reagents for various organic transformations such as bromination, cohalogenation, oxidation, cyclization, ring-opening reactions, substitution, rearrangement, hydrolysis, catalysis, etc. has been described briefly to highlight important aspects of the bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis.

Development of rolling circle amplification based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method for 35S promoter gene detection

In this study, we developed the genetically modified organism detection method by using the combination of rolling circle amplification (RCA) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). An oligonucleotide probe which is specific for 35S DNA promoter target was immobilised onto the gold slide and a RCA reaction was performed. A self-assembled monolayer was formed on gold nanorods using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and the second probe of the 35S DNA promoter target was immobilised on the activated gold coated slide surfaces. Probes on the nanoparticles were hybridised with the target oligonucleotide. Quantification of the target concentration was performed via SERS spectra of DTNB on the nanorods. SERS spectra of target molecules were enhanced through the RCA reaction and the detection limit was found to be 6.3fM. The sensitivity of the developed RCA-SERS method was compared with another method which had been performed without using RCA reaction, and the detection limit was found to be 0.1pM. The correlation between the target concentration and the SERS signal was found to be linear, within the range of 1pM to 10nM for the traditional assay and 100fM to 100nM for the RCA assay. For the developed RCA-SERS assay, the specificity tests were performed using the 35S promoter of Bt-176 maize gene. It was found out that the developed RCA-SERS sandwich assay method is quite sensitive, selective and specific for target sequences in model and real systems.