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Yang X, Zeng P, Wen J, Wang C, Yao L, He M. Gain deeper insights into traditional Chinese medicines using multidimensional chromatography combined with chemometric approaches. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:27-41. [PMID: 38375051 PMCID: PMC10874776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) possess a rich historical background, unique theoretical framework, remarkable therapeutic efficacy, and abundant resources. However, the modernization and internationalization of TCMs have faced significant obstacles due to their diverse ingredients and unknown mechanisms. To gain deeper insights into the phytochemicals and ensure the quality control of TCMs, there is an urgent need to enhance analytical techniques. Currently, two-dimensional (2D) chromatography, which incorporates two independent separation mechanisms, demonstrates superior separation capabilities compared to the traditional one-dimensional (1D) separation system when analyzing TCMs samples. Over the past decade, new techniques have been continuously developed to gain actionable insights from complex samples. This review presents the recent advancements in the application of multidimensional chromatography for the quality evaluation of TCMs, encompassing 2D-gas chromatography (GC), 2D-liquid chromatography (LC), as well as emerging three-dimensional (3D)-GC, 3D-LC, and their associated data-processing approaches. These studies highlight the promising potential of multidimensional chromatographic separation for future phytochemical analysis. Nevertheless, the increased separation capability has resulted in higher-order data sets and greater demands for data-processing tools. Considering that multidimensional chromatography is still a relatively nascent research field, further hardware enhancements and the implementation of chemometric methods are necessary to foster its robust development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Pingping Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chuanlin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Liangyuan Yao
- Hunan Qianjin Xiangjiang Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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Zhou W, Liu Y, Wang J, Guo Z, Shen A, Liu Y, Liang X. Application of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in the separation of traditional Chinese medicine. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:87-104. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceDalian Ocean University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control Jinan P. R. China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Aijin Shen
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
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Ji S, Wang S, Xu H, Su Z, Tang D, Qiao X, Ye M. The application of on-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) in the chemical analysis of herbal medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:301-313. [PMID: 30114608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are complicated chemical systems containing hundreds of small molecules of various polarities, structural types, and contents. Thus far, the chromatographic separation of herbal extracts is still a big challenge. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) has become an attractive separation tool in the past few years. Particularly, a lot of attention has been paid to on-line 2DLC. In this review, we aim to give an overview on applications of on-line 2DLC in the chemical analysis of herbal medicines since 2010. Firstly, classification and general configurations of on-line 2DLC were briefly introduced. Then, we summarized main applications in herbal medicines of heart-cutting 2DLC (LC-LC), comprehensive 2DLC (LC × LC), and their combinations, with emphasis on LC × LC. Mass spectrometry is the most popular detector coupled with 2DLC, which allows sensitive and accurate structural characterization of herbal compounds. Finally, future developments in on-line 2DLC techniques were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haishan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Civil Aviation Medicine Center & Civil Aviation General Hospital, Civil Aviation Administration of China, A-1 Gaojing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Zhenyu Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Daoquan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Cao JL, Wei JC, Chen MW, Su HX, Wan JB, Wang YT, Li P. Application of two-dimensional chromatography in the analysis of Chinese herbal medicines. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1371:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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