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Akere TH, de Medeiros AMZ, Martinez DST, Ibrahim B, Ali-Boucetta H, Valsami-Jones E. Synthesis and Characterisation of a Graphene Oxide-Gold Nanohybrid for Use as Test Material. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010033. [PMID: 36615944 PMCID: PMC9824158 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of a graphene oxide-gold nanohybrid (GO-Au) and evaluates its suitability as a test material, e.g., in nano(eco)toxicological studies. In this study, we synthesised graphene oxide (GO) and used it as a substrate for the growth of nano-Au decorations, via the chemical reduction of gold (III) using sodium citrate. The GO-Au nanohybrid synthesis was successful, producing AuNPs (~17.09 ± 4.6 nm) that were homogenously distributed on the GO sheets. They exhibited reproducible characteristics when characterised using UV-Vis, TGA, TEM, FTIR, AFM, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The nanohybrid also showed good stability in different environmental media and its physicochemical characteristics did not deteriorate over a period of months. The amount of Au in each of the GO-Au nanohybrid samples was highly comparable, suggesting a potential for use as chemical label. The outcome of this research represents a crucial step forward in the development of a standard protocol for the synthesis of GO-Au nanohybrids. It also paves the way towards a better understanding of the nanotoxicity of GO-Au nanohybrid in biological and environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Hassan Akere
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Nanomedicine, Drug Delivery & Nanotoxicology (NDDN) Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Aline M. Z. de Medeiros
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
- Centre of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13416-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T. Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
- Centre of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13416-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bashiru Ibrahim
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Nanomedicine, Drug Delivery & Nanotoxicology (NDDN) Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hanene Ali-Boucetta
- Nanomedicine, Drug Delivery & Nanotoxicology (NDDN) Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Cadar O, Mocan T, Roman C, Senila M. Analytical Performance and Validation of a Reliable Method Based on Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Determination of Gold Nanoparticles in Biological Tissues. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3370. [PMID: 34947719 PMCID: PMC8708685 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a wide-ranging application and are widespread in samples with complex matrices; thus, efficient analytical procedures are necessary to identify and characterize this analyte. A sensitive analytical method for determination of AuNPs content in biological tissues, based on microwave-assisted acid wet digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) validated in accordance with the requirements of Eurachem guideline and ISO 17025 standard, is presented in this study. The digestion procedure was optimized, and the figures of merit such as selectivity, limit of detection (0.43 µg L-1), limit of quantification (1.29 µg L-1, corresponding to 12.9 µg kg-1 in tissue sample, considering the digestion), working range, linearity, repeatability ((RSDr 4.15%), intermediate precision (RSDR 8.07%), recovery in accuracy study (97%), were methodically evaluated. The measurement uncertainty was assessed considering the main sources of uncertainties and the calculated relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) was 12.5%. The method was applied for the determination of AuNPs in six biological tissues (liver, small intestine, heart, lungs, brain and kidneys) and the found concentrations were generally at low levels, close or lower than LOQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Teodora Mocan
- Physiology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RO-400158 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Roman
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (C.R.)
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Omar MM, Laprise-Pelletier M, Chevallier P, Tuduri L, Fortin MA. High-Sensitivity Permeation Analysis of Ultrasmall Nanoparticles Across the Skin by Positron Emission Tomography. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:729-745. [PMID: 33689293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticles (US-NPs; <20 nm in hydrodynamic size) are now included in a variety of pharmacological and cosmetic products, and new technologies are needed to detect at high sensitivity the passage of small doses of these products across biological barriers such as the skin. In this work, a diffusion cell adapted to positron emission tomography (PET), a highly sensitive imaging technology, was developed to measure the passage of gold NPs (AuNPs) in skin samples in continuous mode. US-AuNPs (3.2 nm diam.; TEM) were functionalized with deferoxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with 89Zr(IV) (half-life: 3.3 days, matching the timeline of diffusion tests). The physicochemical properties of the functionalized US-AuNPs (US-AuNPs-PEG-DFO) were characterized by FTIR (DFO grafting; hydroxamate peaks: 1629.0 cm-1, 1569.0 cm-1), XPS (presence of the O═C-N C 1s peak of DFO at 287.49 eV), and TGA (organic mass fraction). The passage of US-AuNPs-PEG-DFO-89Zr(IV) in skin samples was measured by PET, and the diffusion parameters were extracted thereby. The signals of radioactive US-AuNPs-PEG-DFO-89Zr(IV) leaving the donor compartment, passing through the skin, and entering the acceptor compartment were detected in continuous at concentrations as low as 2.2 nM of Au. The high-sensitivity acquisitions performed in continuous allowed for the first time to extract the lag time to the start of permeation, the lag time to start of the steady state, the diffusion coefficients, and the influx data for AuNPs permeating into the skin. PET could represent a highly valuable tool for the development of nanoparticle-containing topical formulations of drugs and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Omar
- Département de génie des mines, de la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Médecine régénératrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 2705, boul. Laurier (T1-61a), Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Myriam Laprise-Pelletier
- Axe Médecine régénératrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 2705, boul. Laurier (T1-61a), Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Axe Médecine régénératrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 2705, boul. Laurier (T1-61a), Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ludovic Tuduri
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5805, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Équipe Physico et Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, Université de Bordeaux, Talence 33405, France
| | - Marc-André Fortin
- Département de génie des mines, de la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Médecine régénératrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 2705, boul. Laurier (T1-61a), Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Ivandini TA, Wicaksono WP, Saepudin E, Rismetov B, Einaga Y. Anodic stripping voltammetry of gold nanoparticles at boron-doped diamond electrodes and its application in immunochromatographic strip tests. Talanta 2015; 134:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cloake SJ, Toh HS, Lee PT, Salter C, Johnston C, Compton RG. Anodic stripping voltammetry of silver nanoparticles: aggregation leads to incomplete stripping. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:22-6. [PMID: 25861566 PMCID: PMC4380949 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of nanoparticle aggregation on anodic stripping voltammetry is reported. Dopamine-capped silver nanoparticles were chosen as a model system, and melamine was used to induce aggregation in the nanoparticles. Through the anodic stripping of the silver nanoparticles that were aggregated to different extents, it was found that the peak area of the oxidative signal corresponding to the stripping of silver to silver(I) ions decreases with increasing aggregation. Aggregation causes incomplete stripping of the silver nanoparticles. Two possible mechanisms of 'partial oxidation' and 'inactivation' of the nanoparticles are proposed to account for this finding. Aggregation effects must be considered when anodic stripping voltammetry is used for nanoparticle detection and quantification. Hence, drop casting, which is known to lead to aggregation, is not encouraged for preparing electrodes for analytical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Cloake
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford UniversitySouth Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ (UK)
| | - Her Shuang Toh
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford UniversitySouth Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ (UK)
| | - Patricia T Lee
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford UniversitySouth Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ (UK)
| | - Chris Salter
- Department of Materials, Oxford UniversityParks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH (UK)
| | - Colin Johnston
- Department of Materials, Oxford UniversityParks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH (UK)
| | - Richard G Compton
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford UniversitySouth Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ (UK)
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Hendel T, Wuithschick M, Kettemann F, Birnbaum A, Rademann K, Polte J. In situ determination of colloidal gold concentrations with UV-vis spectroscopy: limitations and perspectives. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11115-24. [PMID: 25289517 DOI: 10.1021/ac502053s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper studies the UV-vis absorbance of colloidal gold nanoparticles at 400 nm and validates it as a method to determine Au(0) concentrations in colloidal gold solutions. The method is shown to be valid with restrictions depending on the investigated system. The uncertainty of the determined Au(0) concentration can be up to 30%. This deviation is the result of the combined influence of parameters such as particle size, surface modification, or oxidation state. However, quantifying the influence of these parameters enables a much more precise Au(0) determination for specific systems. As an example, the reduction process of the well-known Turkevich method was monitored and the Au(0) concentration was determined with a deviation of less than 5%. Hence, a simple, fast, easy, and cheap in situ method for Au(0) determination is demonstrated that has in the presence of other gold species such as Au(III) an unprecedented accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hendel
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Hinterwirth H, Kappel S, Waitz T, Prohaska T, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Quantifying thiol ligand density of self-assembled monolayers on gold nanoparticles by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1129-36. [PMID: 23331002 PMCID: PMC3584655 DOI: 10.1021/nn306024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are often used as colloidal carriers in numerous applications owing to their low-cost and size-controlled preparation as well as their straightforward surface functionalization with thiol containing molecules forming self-assembling monolayers (SAM). The quantification of the ligand density of such modified GNPs is technically challenging, yet of utmost importance for quality control in many applications. In this contribution, a new method for the determination of the surface coverage of GNPs with thiol containing ligands is proposed. It makes use of the measurement of the gold-to-sulfur (Au/S) ratio by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and its dependence on the nanoparticle diameter. The simultaneous ICP-MS measurement of gold and sulfur was carefully validated and found to be a robust method with a relative standard uncertainty of lower than 10%. A major advantage of this method is the independence from sample preparation; for example, sample loss during the washing steps is not affecting the results. To demonstrate the utility of the straightforward method, GNPs of different diameters were synthesized and derivatized on the surface with bifunctional (lipophilic) ω-mercapto-alkanoic acids and (hydrophilic) mercapto-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)(n)-carboxylic acids, respectively, by self-assembling monolayer (SAM) formation. Thereby, a size-independent but ligand-chain length-dependent ligand density was found. The surface coverage increases from 4.3 to 6.3 molecules nm⁻² with a decrease of ligand chain length from 3.52 to 0.68 nm. Furthermore, no significant difference between the surface coverage of hydrophilic and lipophilic ligands with approximately the same ligand length was found, indicating that sterical hindrance is of more importance than, for example, intermolecular strand interactions of Van der Waals forces as claimed in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Hinterwirth
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Kappel
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry-VIRIS Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-UFT), Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Waitz
- Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry-VIRIS Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-UFT), Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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