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Palermo C, Mentana A, Tomaiuolo M, Campaniello M, Iammarino M, Centonze D, Zianni R. Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Chemometric Approach for the Study of Volatile Profile in X-ray Irradiated Surface-Ripened Cheeses. Foods 2024; 13:416. [PMID: 38338551 PMCID: PMC10855764 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray irradiation is an emerging non-thermal technology that is used as a preservation and sanitization technique to inactivate pathogens and spoilage organisms, increasing the shelf life of products. In this work, two different types of surface-ripened cheeses, Brie and Camembert, produced with cow milk, were treated with X-rays at three dose levels, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kGy, to evaluate the irradiation effects on the volatile profile using a volatolomic approach. The headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to extract and analyze the volatile fraction from these dairy matrices. The HS-SPME method was optimized by a central composite design in combination with a desirability optimization methodology. The Carboxen/PDMS fiber, 50 °C for extraction temperature and 60 min for time extraction were found to be the best parameter settings and were applied for this investigation. The obtained fingerprints demonstrated that the irradiation-induced changes are dose dependent. The X-ray irradiation produced many new volatiles not found in the non-irradiated samples, but it also varied the amount of some volatiles already present in the control. Specifically, aldehydes and hydrocarbons increased with the irradiation dose, whereas alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, methyl esters, ketones, lactones and sulfur-containing compounds showed a non-linear dependence on the dose levels; indeed, they increased up to 4.0 kGy, and then decreased slightly at 6.0 kGy. This trend, more evident in the Camembert profile, is probably due to the fact that these compounds are involved in different oxidation mechanisms of lipids and proteins, which were induced by the radiation treatment. In these oxidative chemical changes, the production and degradation processes of the volatiles are competitive, but at higher doses, the decomposition reactions exceed those of formation. A principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis were used to discriminate between the treated and untreated samples. Moreover, this study allowed for the identification of potential markers of X-ray treatment for the two cheeses, confirming this approach as a useful tool for the control of irradiated surface-ripened cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Palermo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Mentana
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il Trattamento degli Alimenti e dei Loro Ingredienti con Radiazioni Ionizzanti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (M.T.); (M.C.); (M.I.); (R.Z.)
| | - Michele Tomaiuolo
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il Trattamento degli Alimenti e dei Loro Ingredienti con Radiazioni Ionizzanti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (M.T.); (M.C.); (M.I.); (R.Z.)
| | - Maria Campaniello
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il Trattamento degli Alimenti e dei Loro Ingredienti con Radiazioni Ionizzanti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (M.T.); (M.C.); (M.I.); (R.Z.)
| | - Marco Iammarino
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il Trattamento degli Alimenti e dei Loro Ingredienti con Radiazioni Ionizzanti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (M.T.); (M.C.); (M.I.); (R.Z.)
| | - Diego Centonze
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Zianni
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per il Trattamento degli Alimenti e dei Loro Ingredienti con Radiazioni Ionizzanti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (M.T.); (M.C.); (M.I.); (R.Z.)
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Zianni R, Mentana A, Tomaiuolo M, Campaniello M, Iammarino M, Centonze D, Palermo C. Volatolomic approach by HS-SPME/GC-MS and chemometric evaluations for the discrimination of X-ray irradiated mozzarella cheese. Food Chem 2023; 423:136239. [PMID: 37182488 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an untargeted screening of the volatile profile of X-ray irradiated mozzarella cheese was carried out to study the possible radio-induced modifications. A Central Composite Design (CCD) for Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimise the HS-SPME analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The optimised HS-SPME conditions, in terms of sample amount (5.0 g), extraction temperature (50 °C) and extraction time (75 min), were used to analyse non-irradiated and irradiated samples at three dose levels, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 kGy. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were applied to explore the variation of volatile profile with respect to the X-ray irradiation treatment. Both methods highlighted a high discriminant capability with excellent values of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity, demonstrating the effectiveness of the volatolomic approach to evaluate the variations induced by the treatment and allowing to select a total of 35 VOCs as potential irradiation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Zianni
- Università di Foggia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Mentana
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Michele Tomaiuolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Maria Campaniello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marco Iammarino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Diego Centonze
- Università di Foggia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Carmen Palermo
- Università di Foggia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Lee KC, Park JH, Kim JK, Park HY, Yoon YS, Eun JB, Song BS. Rapid Identification Method for Gamma-Irradiated Soybeans Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with a Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Technique. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2803-2815. [PMID: 32037818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the applicability of a rapid analytical method using a headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) technique to identify gamma-irradiated soybeans (0.1-5 kGy). From the partial least squares discriminant analysis used to discriminate between non-irradiated and irradiated soybean samples, 1,7-hexadecadiene was selected as the identifying marker. Response surface methodology experiments were used to determine the optimal HS-SPME extraction conditions including a carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber with an extraction temperature of 98 °C and an extraction time of 55 min. 1,7-Hexdecadiene was detected in all samples irradiated at ≥ 0.1 kGy under the optimized HS-SPME-GC/MS conditions, and the unique presence of the marker in a gamma-irradiated sample was verified by comparing the results from heat, steam, microwave, sonication, and ultraviolet treatments. The comparisons of the identification properties for various conventional methods validated several advances in HS-SPME-GC/MS analysis in terms of rapid analysis, high sensitivity, and absence of solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Chang Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology and BK 21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heum Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Seok Yoon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology and BK 21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology and BK 21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
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Nho EY, Jamila N, Khan N, Dang YM, Lee GH, Park YM, Choi JY, Kim KS. Determination of Metals in Fruits of Cucurbitaceae Species from South Korea, to Characterize Potential Effects on Human Health. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1360896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Nho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nargis Jamila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yun Mi Dang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Min Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Nho EY, Khan N, Choi JY, Kim JS, Park KS, Kim KS. Determination of Toxic Metals in Cephalopods from South Korea. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Choi JY, Habte G, Khan N, Nho EY, Hong JH, Choi H, Park KS, Kim KS. Determination of toxic heavy metals in Echinodermata and Chordata species from South Korea. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2014; 7:295-301. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2014.932311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hwang IM, Khan N, Nho EY, Choi JY, Hong YS, Habte G, Hong JH, Kim HY, Han B, Kim KS. Detection of Hydrocarbons Induced by Gamma and Electron Beam Irradiation in Ground Beef by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.860540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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