Determination of Flavonoids inStellariaby High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

UHPLC-MS Phytochemical Profiling and Insight into Bioactivity of Rabelera holostea (Greater Stitchwort) Extract

Rabelera holostea (L.) M. T. Sharples & E. A. Tripp (Greater Stitchwort), formerly known as Stellaria holostea L., is widespread in the warm temperate areas of Europe and Western Asia, the Caucasus region, as well as in some countries of North Africa. Nowadays it is considered as a weed, but earlier it was often used raw in salads or for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. The goal of this study was to determine the constituents of the methanol extract of R. holostea aerial parts and its biological potential in terms of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Until now, the constituents and biological activities of this plant were not reported in detail. A comprehensive phytochemical profiling of the extract has shown that phenolic acids, such as ferulic, chlorogenic, and p-coumaric acid, flavonoids and flavonoid glucosides, such as chrysoeriol, rutin, and naringin, are the most abundant compounds. The antioxidant activity of R. holostea extract towards DPPH and ABTS radicals, but also the total antioxidant capacity and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation were moderate. The antimicrobial potential was pronounced mostly towards some fungi such as F. oxysporum (MIC 1.25 mg/mL), whereas the capacity of R. holostea to affect the growth of bacteria was much less pronounced. R. holostea extract was most inclined to anti-inflammatory activity. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, it significantly inhibited both cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) by 71.24% and 72.83%, respectively. Molecular docking studies indicated that chlorogenic acid and chrysoeriol are the main contributors to COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity.

Comprehensive characterization of flavonoid derivatives in young leaves of core-collected soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars based on high-resolution mass spectrometry

Most previous studies have been focused on isoflavone profile with biological activities from soybean seed and its related products. However, in the present study, eighty-three flavonoid derivatives (55 flavonols, 9 flavones and 19 isoflavones) were comprehensively identified and quantified from young leaves of 21 core-collected soybean cultivars based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector with quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS). Among total flavonoids from soybean leaves (SLs), the abundant flavonols (83.6%) were primarily composed of di- and tri- glycosides combined to the aglycones (K, kaempferol; Q, quercetin; I, isorhamnetin). Particularly, K-rich SLs (yellow coated seed), Nongrim 51 (breeding line) and YJ208-1 (landrace) contained mainly kaempferol 3-O-(2″-O-glucosyl-6″-O-rhamnosyl)galactoside and 3-O-(2″,6″-di-O-rhamnosyl)galactoside, and were expected to be superior cultivars by their higher flavonoids. Besides, the new tri-I-glycosides (soyanins I–V) were presented as predominant components in Junyeorikong (landrace, black). Thus, this study suggest that the SLs can be considered as valuable edible resources due to their rich flavonoids. Also, these detailed profiles will support breeding of superior varieties with excellent biological activities as well as relationship with seed anthocyanins production, and contribute to perform metabolomics approach to investigate the changes of SLs flavonols during the leaf growth and fermentation in further research.

Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities

Stellaria media Linn., a member of the family Caryophyllaceae, is generally known by the name of Chickweed. This plant is extensively cultivated globally and is inherent to Africa, Asia, China, Europe, and North America. It is a well-known medicinal plant with immense therapeutic uses. Nutritional studies have revealed the presence of protein, especially 16 amino acids, vitamins, and minerals such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc. Phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids, isoflavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and anthraquinone are present in chickweed. It has multiple therapeutic potentials like anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial, anti-anxiety, and toxicity profiles. The crude extracts and their metabolites did not show any toxicity in the experimental animal. This review summarizes the nutritional, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicity studies on this plant concerning its future use in pharmacological drugs.

Effect of six Korean plants on glucagon like peptide-1 release

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis as it causes satiety and suppresses appetite. Angelica dahurica, Coreanomecon hylomeconoides, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Portulaca oleracea, Stellaria alsine, and Stellaria media have traditionally been used as famine relief foods in Korea. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the aqueous ethanolic extracts of the six plants stimulate GLP-1 secretion. The results demonstrated that each extract of the plants stimulated GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells, respectively. Among the extracts examined, the extract of Portulaca oleracea showed the highest activity on GLP-1 release. The results may suggest that the GLP-1 secretion induced by the six plants is a possible mechanism for the six plants exerting effects on satiety increase and appetite suppression.