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Puzari U, Mukherjee AK. Recent developments in diagnostic tools and bioanalytical methods for analysis of snake venom: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:208-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Garcia A, Deplazes E, Aili S, Padula MP, Touchard A, Murphy C, Mirissa Lankage U, Nicholson GM, Cornell B, Cranfield CG. Label-Free, Real-Time Phospholipase-A Isoform Assay. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4714-4721. [PMID: 33455186 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase-A (PLA) enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in select glycerophospholipids. Sensors for rapidly measuring the PLA activity in biological samples have relevance in the study of venom compositions and in medical diagnostics for the diagnosis of diseases such as acute pancreatitis. Current PLA sensor technologies are often restricted by the time it takes to prepare an assay, the necessity of using fluorescent labels, or the fact they might require strict pH control of the buffer vehicles used. Here we present a tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) impedance sensor array for the rapid and real-time detection of PLA, which includes the ability to selectively detect phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) from phospholipase-A1 (PLA1) isoforms. Comparing the activity of PLA1 and PLA2 in an array of tBLMs composed of ether phospholipids, ester phospholipids or ether-ester phospholipids allows for the rapid and reliable distinction between the isoforms, as measured using swept-frequency electrical impedance spectroscopy. After testing the assay using pure enzymes, we demonstrate the capacity of the sensor to identify specific PLA2-type, calcium-dependent activity from the venom of the South American bullet ant, Paraponera clavata, at a concentration of 1 μg/mL. The specificity of the phospholipase activity was corroborated using matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As further validation, we tested the activities of a PLA1 isoform in the presence of different buffers commonly used in biology and biochemistry experiments. Sensitivity testing shows that PLA1 can be detected at an activity as low as 0.06 U/mL. The rapid and reliable detection of phospholipases presented in this study has potential applications in the study of animal venoms as well as in lipase bioreactors and point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Garcia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Evelyne Deplazes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Samira Aili
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Axel Touchard
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, BP316, Kourou Cedex 97379, France
| | - Christopher Murphy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Upeksha Mirissa Lankage
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Graham M Nicholson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Bruce Cornell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,SDx Surgical Diagnostics Pty Ltd., U6 30-32 Barcoo Street, Roseville, New South Wales 2069, Australia
| | - Charles G Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Teja GKVVNSKA, More N, Kapusetti G. Advanced Biosensor-based Strategy for Specific and Rapid Detection of Snake Venom for Better Treatment. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2018; 3:61-67. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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