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Garvey J, Margalit A, Kelly M, Geoghegan E, Burrell S. A method for the quantitative analysis of polar anionic pesticides in milk/infant formula, cereals and fruit and vegetables using ion chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3692-3700. [PMID: 38805075 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Polar pesticides such as anionic or ionisable compounds have always provided a challenge for analytical chemists. Methods of analysis have been developed using a range of techniques including normal phase chromatography, ion-pairing, derivatisation and HILIC or multi-mode chromatography. These work well with some of these compounds but, except for HILIC, all of them have their limitations and none of them cover the range required by legislation. Some of these compounds, glyphosate, chlorate and phosphonic acid, are found regularly in a range of food matrices, and therefore reliable methods of analysis are essential. This study describes an ion chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry detection which not only covers the full range of compounds required by legislation but also can be expanded to include other anionic or ionisable pesticides and metabolites. These include glyphosate and its metabolites, glufosinate and its metabolites, ethephon and its metabolites as well as fosetyl aluminium, chlorate and perchlorate. The method is fully validated according to the performance criteria from the SANTE guidelines for the analysis of pesticides in food and feed over a wide range of matrices, including milk, infant formula, cereals and fruits and vegetables. Over 300 food samples have analysed as part of our routine monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Garvey
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Anatte Margalit
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Michael Kelly
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Eoin Geoghegan
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Stephen Burrell
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Liu Q, Huang R, Tang J, Zhang H, Liu M, Fang Y. A Nanofilm-Based Fluorescent Sensor toward Highly Efficient Detection of Ethephon. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38302113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ethephon (ETH) is widely used to promote fruit ripening and improve fruit quality. However, improper use is harmful to human health and to the environmental safety. Therefore, development of the techniques for on-site and at real-time monitoring of ETH is of importance for its safe use. In this work, we developed a nanofilm-based fluorescence film sensor (FFS) and realized highly efficient detection of ETH in vapor phase, where the detection limit (DL) is <0.2 ppb, the response time is less than 10 s, and the interference is almost free. The unusual sensing performance of the sensor was ascribed to the specific binding of the nanofilm to ETH and to its great porosity, which enables efficient adlayer mass transfer, a requirement for high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, visualization-based qualitative sensing is also realized. The nanofilm, a key component of the sensor, was prepared at the humid air/DMSO interface. The building blocks used were a specially designed fluorescent o-carborane derivative (CB-2CHO) and a cross-linker BTN possessing three acylhydrazine groups. The nanofilm as prepared is flexible, uniform, thickness tunable, and photochemically super stable. We believe our effort not only addresses the challenging issue of on-site and at real-time detection of ETH but also provides another route for developing new FFSs via sensing film innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Xi'An Rare Matel Materials Institute Co. Ltd., Xi' an 710016, P. R. China
| | - Helan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
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Ji C, Tang X, Wen R, Xu C, Wei J, Han B, Wu L. A Multienzyme Reaction-Mediated Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:62. [PMID: 38391981 PMCID: PMC10886554 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ethephon (ETH), a commonly employed growth regulator, poses potential health risks due to its residue in fruits and vegetables, leading to both acute and subchronic toxicity. However, the detection accuracy of ETH is compromised by the color effects of the samples during the detection process. In this work, a multienzyme reaction-mediated electrochemical biosensor (MRMEC) was developed for the sensitive, rapid, and color-interference-resistant determination of ETH. Nanozymes Fe3O4@Au-Pt and graphene nanocomplexes (GN-Au NPs) were prepared as catalysts and signal amplifiers for MRMEC. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acetylcholine (ACh), and choline oxidase (CHOx) form a cascade enzyme reaction to produce H2O2 in an electrolytic cell. Fe3O4@Au-Pt has excellent peroxidase-like activity and can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethvlbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2, resulting in a decrease in the characteristic peak current of TMB. Based on the inhibitory effect of ETH on AChE, the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current signal of TMB was used to detect ETH, offering the limit of detection (LOD) of 2.01 nmol L-1. The MRMEC method effectively analyzed ETH levels in mangoes, showing satisfactory precision (coefficient of variations, 2.88-15.97%) and recovery rate (92.18-110.72%). This biosensor holds promise for detecting various organophosphorus pesticides in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhen Ji
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Ruiming Wen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Chengdong Xu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan Institute for Food Control, Haikou 570314, China;
| | - Bingjun Han
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Long Wu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.J.); (X.T.); (C.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan Institute for Food Control, Haikou 570314, China;
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Development of mobile phases containing high concentrations of UV–Vis absorbable components for ion chromatographic separation of anions with indirect photometric detection. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sadiq HA, Hammood MK. A Continuous Flow Injection/Indirect Photometric Method for the Detection of Fosetyl Aluminum in Commercial Pesticide Formulations. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hawraa Ali Sadiq
- University of Baghdad College of Science Department of Chemistry Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Iraq
| | - Mohammad K. Hammood
- University of Baghdad College of Science Department of Chemistry Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Iraq
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Du X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Ma G, Liu Y, Wang B, Mao H. Highly sensitive detection of plant growth regulators by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy combined with metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:36535-36545. [PMID: 34809062 DOI: 10.1364/oe.437909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of plant-growth-regulator (PGR) residue is essential for ensuring food safety for consumers. However, there are many disadvantages in current approaches to detecting PGR residue. In this paper, we demonstrate a highly sensitive PGR detection method by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy combined with metamaterials. We propose a double formant metamaterial resonator based on a split-ring structure with titanium-gold nanostructure. The metamaterial resonator is a split-ring structure composed of a titanium-gold nanostructure based on polyimide film as the substrate. Also, terahertz spectral response and electric field distribution of metamaterials under different analyte thickness and refractive index were investigated. The simulation results showed that the theoretical sensitivity of resonance peak 1 and peak 2 of the refractive index sensor based on our designed metamaterial resonator approaches 780 and 720 gigahertz per refractive index unit (GHz/RIU), respectively. In experiments, a rapid solution analysis platform based on the double formant metamaterial resonator was set up and PGR residues in aqueous solution were directly and rapidly detected through terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The results showed that metamaterials can successfully detect butylhydrazine and N-N diglycine at a concentration as low as 0.05 mg/L. This study paves a new way for sensitive, rapid, low-cost detection of PGRs. It also means that the double formant metamaterial resonator has significant potential for other applications in terahertz sensing.
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Balayiannis GP, Karasali H. Determination of azoxystrobin, topramezone, acetamiprid, fluometuron and folpet in their commercially available pesticide formulations by liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:503-511. [PMID: 33970794 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1903285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, precise and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of the active substances (a.s.) azoxystrobin, topramezone, acetamiprid, fluometuron and folpet in their respective commercially available formulations. The method was used for the analysis of samples under the frame of the national quality control program of plant protection products in the Greek market. Chromatographic separation of the active substances from additives and co-formulants is achieved using isocratic elution with acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution (60:40 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min-1 on a C18 monolithic column (Chromolith Performance-RP18e 100 × 4.6 mm) and UV detection at 230 nm. Validation parameters of the method fulfilled acceptability criteria. Recovery of all individual compounds was in the range 97.8-100.9%. Precision expressed as relative standard deviation was lower than the theoretical values of the modified Horwitz equation. Correlation coefficients of linearity of response were better than 0.999. The benefits of the proposed method are significant reduction in analysis time and total cost since all analytes were determined with the same extraction procedures and chromatographic system. Analysis of real samples for all active ingredients confirmed fitness for purpose of the suggested method.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Balayiannis
- Laboratory of Chemical Assessment of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Assessment and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Karasali
- Laboratory of Chemical Assessment of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Assessment and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
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Du X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Ma G, Liu Y, Wang B, Mao H. A study of plant growth regulators detection based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and density functional theory. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28898-28907. [PMID: 35478585 PMCID: PMC9038130 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05222e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Terahertz technology is receiving increasing attention for its use as an efficient non-destructive, non-contact and label-free optical method for qualitative and quantitative detection. The aim of this study was to develop a chemical analysis methodology based on terahertz time-domain spectra that could be used to detect plant growth regulators, such as glyphosine, naphthaleneacetic acid, daminozide and gibberellic acid. The THz fingerprint spectra of these four PGRs were located in the 0.3–1.8 THz, with the peaks of glyphosine at 0.32, 0.49, 0.74, 0.87, 0.96, and 1.49 THz; daminozide at 0.33, 0.39, 0.55, 0.67, and 1.17 THz; gibberellic acid at 0.46, 0.58, 0.92, and 1.38 THz and naphthaleneacetic acid at 0.43, 0.57, 0.73, and 0.90 THz. The results showed that these four plant growth regulators exhibited numerous distinct spectral features in frequency-dependent absorption spectra, which demonstrated the qualitative capacity of terahertz time-domain. The origin of the observed terahertz absorption peaks of these four plant growth regulators was determined through density functional theory calculations and analysis of absorption spectra. Discriminant analysis method was used to evaluate the classification trends of the four plant growth regulators based on their THz absorbance spectra. Generally, this study provides a reference for the rapid detection of plant growth regulators in fruits and vegetables by using terahertz spectroscopy technology. Terahertz technology is receiving increasing attention for its use as an efficient non-destructive, non-contact and label-free optical method for qualitative and quantitative detection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Du
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Guoxin Ma
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Hanping Mao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
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