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Elejalde-Cadena NR, Hernández D, Capitelli F, Islas SR, Rosales-Hoz MJ, Zema M, Tarantino SC, Siliqi D, Moreno A. Influence of Intramineral Proteins on the Growth of Carbonate Crystals Using as a Scaffold Membranes of Ratite Birds and Crocodiles Eggshells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:869. [PMID: 37999355 PMCID: PMC10672969 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The lack of information on structural basis where proteins are involved, as well as the biomineralization processes of different systems such as bones, diatom frustules, and eggshells, have intrigued scientists from different fields for decades. This scientific curiosity has led to the use of methodologies that help understand the mechanism involved in the formation of these complex structures. Therefore, this work focuses on the use of eggshell membranes from different species of ratites (emu and ostrich) and reptiles (two species of crocodiles) as a model to differentiate biocalcification and biosilicification by introducing calcium phosphate or silica inside the membrane fiber mantles. We performed this to obtain information about the process of eggshell formation as well as the changes that occur in the membrane during crystal formation. In order to identify and understand the early processes leading to the formation of the microstructures present in the eggshell, we decided to carry out the synthesis of silica-carbonate of calcium, barium, and strontium called biomorph in the presence of intramineral proteins. This was carried out to evaluate the influence of these proteins on the formation of specific structures. We found that the proteins on untreated membranes, present a structural growth similar to those observed in the inner part of the eggshell, while in treated membranes, the structures formed present a high similarity with those observed in the outer and intermediate part of the eggshell. Finally, a topographic and molecular analysis of the biomorphs and membranes was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerith R. Elejalde-Cadena
- Institute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 045010, Mexico;
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Denisse Hernández
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Francesco Capitelli
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria km 29,300, 00016 Rome, Italy;
| | - Selene R. Islas
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 045010, Mexico;
| | - Maria J. Rosales-Hoz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico;
| | - Michele Zema
- Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Serena C. Tarantino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Vialle Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Institute of Geoscience and Georesources (IGG), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dritan Siliqi
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Abel Moreno
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
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Gautron J, Stapane L, Le Roy N, Nys Y, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Hincke MT. Avian eggshell biomineralization: an update on its structure, mineralogy and protein tool kit. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:11. [PMID: 33579194 PMCID: PMC7881572 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The avian eggshell is a natural protective envelope that relies on the phenomenon of biomineralization for its formation. The shell is made of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite, which contains hundreds of proteins that interact with the mineral phase controlling its formation and structural organization, and thus determine the mechanical properties of the mature biomaterial. We describe its mineralogy, structure and the regulatory interactions that integrate the mineral and organic constituents during eggshell biomineralization. Main Body. We underline recent evidence for vesicular transfer of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), as a new pathway to ensure the active and continuous supply of the ions necessary for shell mineralization. Currently more than 900 proteins and thousands of upregulated transcripts have been identified during chicken eggshell formation. Bioinformatic predictions address their functionality during the biomineralization process. In addition, we describe matrix protein quantification to understand their role during the key spatially- and temporally- regulated events of shell mineralization. Finally, we propose an updated scheme with a global scenario encompassing the mechanisms of avian eggshell mineralization. CONCLUSION With this large dataset at hand, it should now be possible to determine specific motifs, domains or proteins and peptide sequences that perform a critical function during avian eggshell biomineralization. The integration of this insight with genomic data (non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms) and precise phenotyping (shell biomechanical parameters) on pure selected lines will lead to consistently better-quality eggshell characteristics for improved food safety. This information will also address the question of how the evolutionary-optimized chicken eggshell matrix proteins affect and regulate calcium carbonate mineralization as a good example of biomimetic and bio-inspired material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gautron
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - L Stapane
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - N Le Roy
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Nys
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - A B Rodriguez-Navarro
- Departmento de Mineralogia y Petrologia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M T Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
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Identification of new chicken egg proteins by mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933907001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xue Z, Shen Q, Liang L, Shen JW, Wang Q. Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of SCA-1 on a Calcite Surface: A Molecular Dynamics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11321-11331. [PMID: 28666388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The crystallization mechanism for natural mineral, especially the role of biological molecules in biomineralization, is still under debate. Protein adsorption on material surfaces plays a key role in biomineralization. In this article, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to systematically investigate the adsorption behavior of struthio camelus eggshell protein struthiocalcin-1 (SCA-1) on the calcite (104) surface with several different starting orientations in an explicit water environment. For each binding configuration, detailed adsorption behaviors and a mechanism were presented with the analysis of interaction energy, binding residues, hydrogen bonding, and structures (such as DSSP, dipole moment, and the electrostatic potential calculation). The results indicate that the positively charged and polar residues are the dominant residues for protein adsorption on the calcite (104) surface, and the strong electrostatic interaction drives the binding of model protein to the surface. The hydrogen bond bridge was found to play an important role in surface interactions as well. These results also demonstrate that SCA-1 is relatively rigid in spite of strong adsorption with few structural changes in α-helix and β-sheet contents. The results of the orientation calculation suggest that the dipole moment of the protein tends to remain parallel to calcite in most stable cases, which was confirmed by electrostatic potential isosurfaces analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiying Shen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Liang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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5
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Proteomic analysis of chicken eggshell cuticle membrane layer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7633-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Maehashi K, Ueda M, Matano M, Takeuchi J, Uchino M, Kashiwagi Y, Watanabe T. Biochemical and functional characterization of transiently expressed in neural precursor (TENP) protein in emu egg white. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5156-5162. [PMID: 24820544 DOI: 10.1021/jf5008117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A protein transiently expressed in the neural precursors of developing tissues (TENP) was found to be present in emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) egg white as one of the major proteins. Nucleotide analysis of its encoding cDNA revealed a sequence of 452 amino acids including a 19 amino acid peptide signal. Phylogenetic analysis determined that emu TENP was clustered within the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) superfamily together with other avian TENPs. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the emu TENP gene was highly expressed in the magnum of the oviduct, indicating that TENP is a major egg white component. Emu TENP was purified by anion exchange chromatography and ammonium sulfate fractionation. Unlike BPI, emu TENP exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, but not against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. The results suggest that emu TENP is a potent novel antibacterial protein with a spectrum distinct from that of BPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Maehashi
- Department of Fermentation Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture , 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Freeman CL, Harding JH, Quigley D, Rodger PM. Structural control of crystal nuclei by an eggshell protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5135-7. [PMID: 20540126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Freeman
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK
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Portugal SJ, Cooper HJ, Zampronio CG, Wallace LL, Cassey P. Can museum egg specimens be used for proteomic analyses? Proteome Sci 2010; 8:40. [PMID: 20630081 PMCID: PMC2927511 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mass spectrometry and proteomic analyses have become powerful tools for the analysis of proteins and peptides. Investigation of proteins contained in the various layers of the avian eggshell has focused entirely on domesticated species. It has been widely assumed that this existing research can inform the study of wild bird species despite the fact that the vast majority of the diversity in avian species (~95%) exists outside the Orders to which domestic and poultry species belong. Museum collections offer a potentially valuable source of material for studying composition of wild avian eggshell matrix proteins. We used museum and fresh eggshells of common quails Coturnix coturnix to compare the protein composition of their organic matrices. Four eggs of domestic chickens were analysed simultaneously as a control for comparison to the fresh and museum quail eggs. The determination of the proteins was carried out using enzymatic cleavage followed by high-performance mass spectrometry. Results We found that some of the expected key eggshell proteins (3 out of 11) were not present in the samples of museum quail egg. These proteins were either entirely absent from the museum eggs or the technique was unable to detect them. There was no pattern in the absent proteins in the sense of protein function or where they are located within the eggshell. Conclusion We conclude it is likely that such studies on museum specimens using a proteomic approach will be limited in coverage of proteins and may, therefore, be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Portugal
- The Centre for Ornithology, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Freeman C, Harding J, Quigley D, Rodger P. Structural Control of Crystal Nuclei by an Eggshell Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Abstract
With the evolution of fish, systems appeared for the disposal of the hemoglobin (Hb) that was inevitably released from erythrocytes. Thus, a plasma protein that bound free Hb with great affinity, haptoglobin (Hp), evolved from a protease of the innate immune system. In parallel, other proteins appeared (for example, hemopexin and alpha(1)-microglobulin), which bound and mediated the removal of free heme groups. Remarkably, Hp later disappeared in some vertebrate lineages, suggesting that it could also be disadvantageous. In the avian lineage, a soluble protein evolved, possibly from a scavenger receptor, which in some birds seems to have replaced Hp. Among mammals, multimeric forms of Hp appeared independently at two discrete times, suggesting that this form of the protein confers an advantage on the bearer, possibly by improving resistance to infection.
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11
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Determination of insoluble avian eggshell matrix proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 397:205-214. [PMID: 19998026 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The organic components of bones and other mineralized tissues have a high impact on the organization and deposition of calcium, and consequently influence the mechanical properties of those tissues. The extractable proteins of avian eggshells have been studied extensively and many of them have been identified; insoluble (non-extractable) proteins have been sparsely studied, however. In the work discussed in this paper we studied EDTA-insoluble proteins by gradual decalcification of eggshell with EDTA. The insoluble proteinaceous films were chemically treated with cyanogen bromide and the mixtures of large fragments obtained were gradually precipitated with salt. The separated fractions were digested with trypsin and analyzed by HPLC-MS-MS (ion trap mass spectrometer). Analysis of the entire eggshell matrix (without precipitation steps) only enabled 6 proteins to be determined (ovocalyxins 32 and 36, ovocleidin 17 and 116, clusterin, and ovalbumin). Pretreatment of the individual eggshell layers and gradual precipitation with salt markedly increased the number of proteins identified - 28 proteins were determined. We identified for the first time collagens I (two chains) and III in the eggshell matrix, and Kunitz-like protease inhibitor as a major shell matrix protein. Besides the above mentioned proteins we can also mention EDIL3, fibronectin, sulfhydryl oxidase, tubulin alpha 1, lysozyme, Dickkopf-related protein 3, keratins, and ovotransferrin. The relative abundances of proteins in all eggshell layers were determined using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI). In the cuticle layer seven proteins were identified, whereas 16 proteins were described in the palisade layer and 23 in the mammillary layer.
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Rose MLH, Hincke MT. Protein constituents of the eggshell: eggshell-specific matrix proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2707-19. [PMID: 19452125 PMCID: PMC11115492 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we review the results of recent proteomic and genomic analyses of eggshell matrix proteins and draw attention to the impact of these data on current understanding of eggshell formation and function. Eggshell-specific matrix proteins from avian (ovocleidins and ovocalyxins) and non-avian (paleovaterin) shells are discussed. Two possible roles for eggshell-specific matrix proteins have been proposed; both reflect the protective function of the eggshell in avian reproduction: regulation of eggshell mineralization and antimicrobial defense. An emerging concept is the dual role (mineralization/antimicrobial protection) that certain eggshell matrix proteins can play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. H. Rose
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Maxwell T. Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
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Wellman-Labadie O, Lakshminarayanan R, Hincke MT. Antimicrobial properties of avian eggshell-specific C-type lectin-like proteins. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:699-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Lakshminarayanan R, Loh XJ, Gayathri S, Sindhu S, Banerjee Y, Kini RM, Valiyaveettil S. Formation of Transient Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Precursor in Quail Eggshell Mineralization: An In Vitro Study. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:3202-9. [PMID: 17096552 DOI: 10.1021/bm0605412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To understand the mechanism of quail eggshell biomineralization, we have performed two CaCO(3) precipitation experiments. In the reprecipitation experiments, supersaturated Ca(HCO(3))(2) was prepared by bubbling CO(2) through a slurry of biogenic CaCO(3) obtained from bleach-treated eggshell followed by filtration to obtain a clear solution for crystallization experiments. The nucleated crystals were collected at various time intervals and analyzed. In the second experiment, the extracted SOM from the bleach-treated eggshell was added to the supersaturated clear solution of Ca(HCO(3))(2) solution obtained by bubbling CO(2) gas through a slurry of synthetic CaCO(3) followed by filtration. The crystals/precipitates collected at various time intervals were analyzed. Both experiments showed that amorphous CaCO(3) (ACC) was precipitated in the early stages, which then transformed to the most stable crystalline calcite phase. Amino acid analysis of the soluble organic matrixes (SOM) indicated the presence of high amounts of Glx and Asx amino acids. Ovomucoid--an acidic glycoprotein, and lysozyme--a basic protein, are the two major components along with a few low molecular weight peptides present in the SOM of quail eggshell matrix. Both ovomucoid and lysozyme did not induce precipitation of the ACC phase in in vitro conditions, while the fraction containing low molecular weight peptides induced the precipitation of ACC, suggesting that the latter play an important role in the eggshell biomineralization. Thus, organisms can produce inorganic minerals which assume nonequilibrium morphologies and intricate architecture by precipitating transient ACC, which then transformed into the crystalline phase. Altogether, these observations further demonstrate that this strategy may be common in both vertebrate and invertebrate mineralized structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Chemistry, NUS-Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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Mann K, Macek B, Olsen JV. Proteomic analysis of the acid-soluble organic matrix of the chicken calcified eggshell layer. Proteomics 2006; 6:3801-10. [PMID: 16767793 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The major difference between inorganic minerals and biominerals is the presence of an organic matrix consisting of proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and polysaccharides, which is synthesized by specialized cells under genetic control before or during mineralization. The organic matrix is thought to play a major role in the assembly of the biomineral and determination of its mechanical properties. The recent elucidation of the chicken genome provided an opportunity to explore the matrix proteome of a biomineral using up-to-date MS-based technology. We identified 520 proteins in this matrix including the ten matrix proteins already known before. The identified proteins were divided into three abundance groups using the exponentially modified protein abundance index described recently which was roughly calibrated with the few known data on protein yield derived from Edman sequence analysis. A small group of 32 highly abundant proteins contained the presently known eggshell-specific proteins and all of the other known eggshell matrix constituents identified before with much less sensitive conventional methods. The present study, which is the first comprehensive proteomic study of a vertebrate biomineral, is intended as a starting point for the detailed molecular characterization of eggshell matrix proteins, their interactions in the matrix network and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung für Proteomics und Signaltransduktion, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Wicher KB, Fries E. Haptoglobin, a hemoglobin-binding plasma protein, is present in bony fish and mammals but not in frog and chicken. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4168-73. [PMID: 16537503 PMCID: PMC1449665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508723103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) released from erythrocytes may cause oxidation of lipids and proteins. Haptoglobin (Hp), which occurs in the plasma of all mammals, binds free Hb and inhibits its oxidative activity. It is not known whether this protective protein also exists in lower vertebrates. By analyzing available genomic sequences, we have found that bony fish, but not more primitive animals, have a gene coding for a protein homologous to mammalian Hp. Furthermore, we show that this protein is present in the plasma of Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) and that it binds Hb. These results, together with a phylogenetic analysis, suggest that Hp evolved from a complement-associated protein (mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteinase, MASP), with the emergence of fish. Surprisingly, we found that both chicken (Gallus gallus) and the Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) lack the Hp gene. In chicken plasma, however, we identified a different type of Hb-binding protein, PIT54, which has been reported to be a potent antioxidant. PIT54 is a soluble member of the family of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich proteins, and we found that its gene exists only in birds. We also show that the plasma of ostrich (Strutio camelus), a primitive bird, contains both PIT54 and Hp. Collectively, our data suggest that PIT54 has successively taken over the function of Hp during the evolution of the avian lineage and has completely replaced the latter protein in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof B Wicher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Mann K, Siedler F. Amino acid sequences and phosphorylation sites of emu and rhea eggshell C-type lectin-like proteins. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 143:160-70. [PMID: 16403478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 11/05/2005] [Accepted: 11/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avian calcified eggshell layers contain in their organic matrix one or two C-type lectin-like proteins. Previously characterized eggshell proteins of this family are chicken ovocleidin-17 (OC-17), goose ansocalcin and ostrich struthiocalcins 1 and 2 (SCA-1, SCA-2). In this report we present the amino acid sequences of two emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) (dromaiocalcin-1 and -2; DCA-1, DCA-2) and of two rhea (Rhea americana) (rheacalcin-1 and -2; RCA-1, RCA-2) C-type lectin-like eggshell proteins, thus doubling the data set for comparison of these major specific eggshell proteins. The ratite proteins can be divided into two groups. Group 1, comprising SCA-1, DCA-1 and RCA-1, shows by 70--77% identity of sequences, the lack of phosphorylation, and a variable number (7--9) of cysteines. Group 2, consisting of SCA-2, DCA-2 and RCA-2, shows 78--85% identical sequences, 2--3 phosphorylated serines located at almost identical sites, and contains only the common set of six conserved cysteins characteristic for this family of proteins. While goose ansocalcin fits perfectly into group 1 with a sequence identity of 63--70% to the other members, no phosphorylation, and seven cysteines, chicken OC-17 was assigned to group 2 in spite of only 42--47% sequence identity (and 37--39% to group 1) because of its two phosphorylated serines and its regular set of six cysteines. At present it remains unknown why ratites, but not goose or chicken, require two different types of C-type lectin-like proteins to construct their eggshells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Ajikumar PK, Vivekanandan S, Lakshminarayanan R, Jois SDS, Kini RM, Valiyaveettil S. Mimicking the Function of Eggshell Matrix Proteins: The Role of Multiplets of Charged Amino Acid Residues and Self-Assembly of Peptides in Biomineralization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:5476-9. [PMID: 16059950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parayil Kumaran Ajikumar
- Department of Chemistry and Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Ajikumar PK, Vivekanandan S, Lakshminarayanan R, Jois SDS, Kini RM, Valiyaveettil S. Mimicking the Function of Eggshell Matrix Proteins: The Role of Multiplets of Charged Amino Acid Residues and Self-Assembly of Peptides in Biomineralization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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