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Influence of water quality and pollution on broiler's performance, vaccine and antibiotic efficiencies. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Good water quality for livestock is critical for preserving animal health, ensuring the quality of animal products, supplying safe food, and increasing food production economics. Higher water levels of toxic compounds than permitted can impair meat, fat, eggs, and milk production, lower fertility, and represent public health hazards. Water picks up pollutants from its surroundings and those caused by animal and human activities. Many physicochemical parameters were used to ensure water quality, including pH, salt, taste, color, alkalinity, odor, and hardness. Water quality, directly and indirectly, impacts livestock performance and, thus, the poultry industry. Employing drinking water as a carrier of drugs still faces substantial barriers. The effectiveness of vaccinations and drugs is affected by inadequate water quality. Furthermore, contaminated water and poor nutrition negatively affect broiler chicken immunity, survival, and production. Antibiotics are widely utilized in poultry production to preserve animal health and growth. They can eliminate harmful bacteria in the gut, reduce the load on the immune system, optimize the digestive system, and boost growth performance. However, the abuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture has resulted in antibiotic-resistant infections threatening people and animals. As a result of its positive impact on the metabolome and gut microbiome, the natural antimicrobial combination could be used as an alternative; improving broiler chicken growth performance without negatively affecting the environment is currently paramount.
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ELSaidy N, Kirella A, El-Kassas S, Dawood MAO, Abouelenien F. Reducing the Abundance of Harmful Bacteria of Rooftop Tank-Stored Drinking Water Using Silver Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid and Its Impact on Japanese Quail Growth Performances. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3062-3072. [PMID: 33034010 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the microbial diversity of rooftop tank-stored drinking water consumed by Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and acetic acid (AC) and their mixture. Japanese quails (2 weeks old) of two different plumage colors, white and brown, were divided into four groups. In group 1 (control), birds received rooftop tank-stored water. In groups 2, 3, and 4, birds received rooftop tank-stored water treated with AC (0.5 mL/L), AgNPs (0.1 mg/L), or both AC and AgNPs. A reduction in the total coliform count was observed for AgNP- and AC-treated water after 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 5 days (P < 0.05). Growth rates and feed intake in both white- and brown-feathered quails were also increased using both AC and AgNPs (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in water consumption was observed in the brown-feathered quails, whereas the white-feathered quails drank more water (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, serum parameters remained unchanged in the white-feathered quails using both AC or/and AgNP purifiers (P > 0.05), whereas brown-feathered quails receiving water treated with AC or both AC and AgNPs displayed a significant increase in serum total protein and hemoglobin compared with quails receiving water treated with AgNPs alone or non-treated water (P < 0.05). Cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly increased when using both AC or/and AgNP purifiers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both AgNPs and AC are recommended as efficient purifiers to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and to increase the growth performance and health condition of white- and brown-feathered Japanese quail birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagham ELSaidy
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Abeer Kirella
- Poultry Physiology, Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Abouelenien
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
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Pritchard A, Nielsen BD, Robison C, Manfredi JM. Low dietary silicon supplementation may not affect bone and cartilage in mature, sedentary horses. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5996088. [PMID: 33216909 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As osteoarthritis is a major cause of lameness in horses in the United States, improving collagen health prior to onset and increasing collagen turnover within affected joints could improve health- and welfare-related outcomes. Through its positive effects on bone mineral content and density and its role in increasing collagen synthesis, silicon (Si) may slow the development and progression of osteoarthritis, thereby reducing lameness. This study evaluated the hypothesis that Si supplementation would increase cartilage turnover through increased collagen degradation and formation markers, as well as bone formation markers, resulting in reduced lameness severity when compared with controls. Ten mature Standardbred geldings were assigned to either a Si-treated (SIL) or control (CON) group and group-housed on pasture for 84 d. Horses were individually fed to ensure no cross-contamination of Si other than what was present in the environment. For the duration of the study, SIL horses received a Si-collagen supplement at the rate of 0.3 g supplement/(100 kg body weight day). Serum samples were taken weekly for osteocalcin, and plasma samples were taken on days 0, 42, and 84 for plasma minerals. On days 0, 42, and 84, subjective and objective lameness exams were performed, and radiographs and synovial fluid samples were taken from reference and osteoarthritic joints. Plasma minerals were similar in both groups and were lower on day 84 than on day 0 (P < 0.05). Si supplementation, fed at the manufacturer's recommended rate, did not improve lameness or radiographs when compared with controls, and supplemented horses did not show greater collagen degradation and/or synthesis markers in synovial fluid than controls, indicating that cartilage turnover remained unaffected. However, a minimum beneficial threshold and range for Si supplementation standardized to body weight need to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Pritchard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Brian D Nielsen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Cara Robison
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jane M Manfredi
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Pritchard A, Robison C, Nguyen T, Nielsen BD. Silicon supplementation affects mineral metabolism but not bone density or strength in male broilers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243007. [PMID: 33284796 PMCID: PMC7721172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because leg injuries produce welfare concerns and impact production for broilers, numerous interventions have been suggested as potential solutions. One mineral which may affect bone quality is silicon. The objective of this study was to determine if supplementing bioavailable silicon could affect bone morphology, mineralization, and strength without negatively influencing welfare and meat quality. Male broilers were raised from d 1 after hatching until 42 d of age and randomly assigned to treatment groups for silicon supplementation in water: Control (no supplement, C; n = 125), Normal (0.011 ml supplement/kg bodyweight, N; n = 125) and High (0.063 ml supplement/kg bodyweight, H; n = 125). Toe damage, footpad dermatitis, hock burn, and keel blisters were assessed on d 42. Blood samples were collected from wing veins for serum osteocalcin, pyridinoline cross-links, and mineral analysis. Clinical QCT scans and analysis were conducted immediately before four-point bending tests of tibias. Texture analysis was performed on cooked fillets. Silicon supplementation tended to increase daily water consumption in N and H as compared to C (P = 0.07). Footpad dermatitis and hock burn scores were higher in H than in N or C (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Supplementation altered serum minerals (P < 0.001), but bone density, morphology, and strength measures were similar among groups. The highest level of supplementation in the current study on a kg bodyweight basis was above recommended intakes but below previous amounts demonstrating silicon’s positive influence on bone, indicating that previously suggested minimum thresholds need to be reevaluated. Factors such as growth rate and mechanical loading likely play a greater role in developing bone quality than trying to supplement on top of good basic nutrition alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Pritchard
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Cara Robison
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tristin Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Nielsen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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Scholey DV, Belton DJ, Burton EJ, Perry CC. Bioavailability of a novel form of silicon supplement. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17022. [PMID: 30451899 PMCID: PMC6242837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed uptake and potential efficacy of a novel, pH neutral form of silicon supplement in vitro and using broiler chickens as a model species. In vitro bioavailability of this supplement was significantly higher than other commercial supplements tested, all of which claim available silica content. To confirm bioavailability of the new supplement in vivo, a broiler chick feeding trial reported blood uptake that was significantly higher than a Bamboo-derived silicon supplement. We assessed dose response of the novel supplement in a further study with increased dose related levels of silicon being detected in the blood and tibia. We found tibia and foot ash residue as a percentage of dry mass was higher with inclusion of the novel supplement in the diet, particularly in young birds and that this was followed by significant increase in tibia breaking strength. This novel supplement may therefore have applications in the improvement of bone integrity, with implications for the reduction of lameness in broilers. These results indicate the novel silica supplement is readily absorbed in chicks, and transported in the blood supply to sites such as the skeleton due to it being present in a non-condensed, monomeric form. There is potential for wider application of this silica supplement in other species where bone breakages are a problem, including high performance sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Scholey
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham, NG25 0QF, UK.
| | - D J Belton
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - E J Burton
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottingham, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - C C Perry
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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Role and regulation of growth plate vascularization during coupling with osteogenesis in tibial dyschondroplasia of chickens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3680. [PMID: 29487404 PMCID: PMC5829164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is the most-prevalent leg disorder in fast-growing chickens; it is intractable and characterized by abnormal endochondral bone formation of proximal tibial growth-plates (TGPs). Previous studies have shown that bone is a highly vascularized tissue dependent on the coordinated coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms of bone formation and bone remodeling are poorly defined in TD chickens. Here, we observed that inhibition of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis remarkably impaired vascular invasion in the hypertrophic chondrocyte zone of the TGPs, resulting in the massive death of chondrocytes due to a shortage of blood vessels and nutrients. Moreover, the balance of the OPG (osteoprotegerin)/RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand) system is also severely disrupted during the osteogenesis process while coupling with angiogenesis, both of which eventually lead to abnormal endochondral bone formation in TD chickens. Thus, the process of vascular formation in endochondral bone appears to initiate the pathological changes in TD, and improvement of this process during coupling with osteogenesis may be a potential therapeutic approach to treat this intractable disease.
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Yamamoto J, Kitaoka C, Mekaru A, Yanagi M, Sugita K, Yokota Y, Kawamura Y, Nogata F, Terasawa M, Asai F, Kato-Yoshinaga Y. Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Silicon on Free Amino Acid Levels in Egg Yolk and Blood Vessel Strength in Laying Hens. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.65.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chika Kitaoka
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University
| | - Ai Mekaru
- Research Institute for Animal Science in Biochemistry and Toxicology
| | - Mitsuhiro Yanagi
- Research Institute for Animal Science in Biochemistry and Toxicology
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Huang S, Tong X, Rehman MU, Wang M, Zhang L, Wang L, Li J, Yang S. Oxygen Supplementation Ameliorates Tibial Development via Stimulating Vascularization in Tibetan Chickens at High Altitudes. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1547-1559. [PMID: 29230103 PMCID: PMC5723921 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan chickens (TBCs) living in high-altitude hypoxic environment, are characterized by delayed growth and small size as compared to low-altitude broiler chickens. Increasing evidences signify the beneficial effect of oxygen (O2) supplementation in animal's body for regulating their body growth and organ development. However, it is still unclear that whether O2 supplementation has an ameliorative and protective role in TBCs living at high altitude. In this study, we first found that O2 supplementation not only increased the survival rate but also promoted the growth of TBCs associated with bone development. Importantly, we observed that the increase of vascular distribution in the tibial hypertrophic zone could contribute to promote growth and development of the tibia, which is highly correlated with the up-regulated expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR1). Additionally, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1ɑ also has a stimulative elevation by O2 supplementation. These results were confirmed by histology, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blotting techniques. Altogether, these findings demonstrated that the up-regulation of VEGFA and its receptors are accompanied by proangiogeneic factor (HIF-1α) expression, which were required for angiogenesis to meliorate tibia development of TBCs in hypoxia-induced bone suppression that occurred during O2 supplementation. Thus, O2 supplementation may serve as a good applicant for promoting and meliorating bone development in juvenile high-altitude animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000 Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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