1
|
Iwakiri K, Sasaki T, Sotoyama M, DU T, Miki K, Oyama F. Effect of occupational pushing and pulling combined with improper working posture on low back pain among workers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2024; 62:62-66. [PMID: 37394663 PMCID: PMC10865081 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2023-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of occupational pushing and pulling combined with improper working posture on work-related low back pain (LBP) among workers. A web-based survey was conducted in 2022 to collect data from 15,623 workers, who were categorized into proper and improper working posture groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between pushing and pulling loads and LBP in each group. In the proper working posture group, the odds ratios (ORs) of LBP for workers who pushed and pulled were not significantly different compared with those of no-handling workers. However, in the improper working posture group, the ORs of LBP were significantly greater among workers who pushed and pulled compared with those of no-handling workers, and this association became stronger with increasing weights. Therefore, improper working posture combined with pushing and pulling were strongly associated with LBP among workers, particularly with heavier weights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| | | | - Tanghuizi DU
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| | - Keiichi Miki
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Oyama
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iwakiri K, Sasaki T, Du T, Miki K, Oyama F. Manual rolling load and low back pain among workers in Japan: a cross-sectional study. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiae015. [PMID: 38604161 PMCID: PMC11131138 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Manual rolling of heavy objects remains in the workplace. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in the United Kingdom recommends load weights of <400 kg in the rolling task. However, the association of rolling weights <400 kg with work-related low back pain (LBP) has not been sufficiently investigated. This study examined the effect of rolling loads weighing <400 kg on LBP among Japanese workers. METHODS A web-based survey gathered information from 15 158 workers in 2022. Among them, 15 035 did not handle loads, whereas 123 handled rolling weights <400 kg. Load weight was categorized into 4 groups: no-handling (0 kg) and rolling weights of ≤20, 20-40, and >40 kg. Multiple logistic regression analysis examined the association between the subdivided rolling weight and LBP. RESULTS No significant differences in odds ratio (OR) of LBP were found for workers handling ≤40 kg rolling weights compared with that for no-handling workers. However, workers handling >40 kg rolling weights had a significantly greater OR of LBP than those not handling loads. CONCLUSIONS Rolling weights between 40 and 400 kg could place a high stress on the lower back. Implementation in Japan of the HSE recommendations regarding rolling load should be carefully considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| | - Tanghuizi Du
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| | - Keiichi Miki
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Oyama
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yi C, Yang D, Zhou S, Li KW, Hu H. Relationship between one-handed push force and subjective rating of force exertion. Work 2024; 79:471-480. [PMID: 38517833 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pushing is a typical workplace activity that may result in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A convenient method of assessing the risk of MSDs is to determine the association between the force applied and the subjective rating of force exertion. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the relationship between the subjective rating of force exertion and the force applied to both a fixed and a movable handle. It also aimed to confirm that the participants could apply a higher one-handed push force at shoulder height than at elbow height. METHODS A one-handed pushing experiment was conducted. In the push-to-scale session, the participants pushed a handle fixed on a rig on four levels on the CR-10 scale. The push force was measured. In the force-rating session, the participants rated their force exertions when pushing a movable handle with metal blocks suspended on the two sides. The subjective ratings on the CR-10 were recorded. RESULTS The one-handed push force at shoulder height was significantly higher than that at elbow height. More effort was needed to push on a movable handle than a fixed one. Two regression models were established to describe the relationship between the push force and the subjective ratings of pushing for each of the fixed and movable handles, respectively. The correlation coefficient results showed that these models are adequate to describe the relationship between the one-handed push force and the ratings of the CR-10 scale. CONCLUSION Participants applied a higher one-handed push force at shoulder height than at elbow height was confirmed. Participants needed more efforts to push the movable handle under the same CR-10 level than the fixed handle. The predictive models developed in this study may be used to estimate the push force for one-handed pushing tasks when assessing the risk of MSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cannan Yi
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuyi Zhou
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Kai Way Li
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
- Department of Industrial Management, Chung Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hong Hu
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yi C, Zuo H, Zhao C, Li KW, Hu H, Tang F, Long T. Fatigue and Recovery of Muscles for Pulling Tasks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15159. [PMID: 36429882 PMCID: PMC9690050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manual materials handling (MMH) contributes to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the workplace. The development and recovery of muscle fatigue are essential in work/rest arrangements for MMH tasks. A pulling experiment, including a muscle fatigue test and a muscle fatigue recovery test, was conducted. In the muscle fatigue test, the participant performed a pulling task on a treadmill with a walking velocity of 1 km/h until they could no longer do so. The load was either 30 or 45 kg. The maximum endurance time (MET) was recorded. The pull strength (PS) of the participant both before and after the pulling task was measured. The subjective ratings of muscle fatigue after the pulling task were recorded. In the muscle fatigue recovery test, the participant took a rest after performing the pulling task. The participants reported their subjective ratings of muscle fatigue on the CR-10 scale after taking a rest for a time period t, where t = 1, 2,…, 6 min. The PS of the participant was then measured again. It was found that the load significantly affected the MET for pulling tasks. The load was insignificant to the decrease of the PS, but was significant to the decrease rate (PS decrease per min) of the PS. The PS decrease rate for the 45 kg condition (30.8 ± 16.5 N/min) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the 30 kg condition (15.4 ± 5.5 N/min). The recovery time significantly affected the PS and CR-10. Two MET models were established to explore the development of muscle fatigue in pulling tasks. A PS model was constructed to describe the recovery of muscle force. A CR-10 model was proposed to show the subjective ratings of recovery. These models are beneficial for determining the work/rest allowance for pulling tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cannan Yi
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421102, China
| | - Huali Zuo
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421102, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421102, China
| | - Kai-Way Li
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421102, China
- Department of Industrial Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan
| | - Hong Hu
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421102, China
| | - Fan Tang
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421102, China
| | - Tong Long
- School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421102, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tabasi A, Lazzaroni M, Brouwer NP, Kingma I, van Dijk W, de Looze MP, Toxiri S, Ortiz J, van Dieën JH. Optimizing Calibration Procedure to Train a Regression-Based Prediction Model of Actively Generated Lumbar Muscle Moments for Exoskeleton Control. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:87. [PMID: 35009627 PMCID: PMC8747305 DOI: 10.3390/s22010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The risk of low-back pain in manual material handling could potentially be reduced by back-support exoskeletons. Preferably, the level of exoskeleton support relates to the required muscular effort, and therefore should be proportional to the moment generated by trunk muscle activities. To this end, a regression-based prediction model of this moment could be implemented in exoskeleton control. Such a model must be calibrated to each user according to subject-specific musculoskeletal properties and lifting technique variability through several calibration tasks. Given that an extensive calibration limits the practical feasibility of implementing this approach in the workspace, we aimed to optimize the calibration for obtaining appropriate predictive accuracy during work-related tasks, i.e., symmetric lifting from the ground, box stacking, lifting from a shelf, and pulling/pushing. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of prediction for the extensive calibration was 21.9 nm (9% of peak moment) and increased up to 35.0 nm for limited calibrations. The results suggest that a set of three optimally selected calibration trials suffice to approach the extensive calibration accuracy. An optimal calibration set should cover each extreme of the relevant lifting characteristics, i.e., mass lifted, lifting technique, and lifting velocity. The RMSEs for the optimal calibration sets were below 24.8 nm (10% of peak moment), and not substantially different than that of the extensive calibration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tabasi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.P.B.); (I.K.); (J.H.v.D.)
| | - Maria Lazzaroni
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (S.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Niels P. Brouwer
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.P.B.); (I.K.); (J.H.v.D.)
| | - Idsart Kingma
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.P.B.); (I.K.); (J.H.v.D.)
| | | | | | - Stefano Toxiri
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (S.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Jesús Ortiz
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (S.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Jaap H. van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.P.B.); (I.K.); (J.H.v.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen YL, Ho TK, Chen KL. Maximum strength levels for pulling and pushing handleless cartons in warehousing tasks. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:1174-1182. [PMID: 33938408 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1924406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the variation in individuals' static maximum forward pushing and backward pulling (FPBP) strength for handleless cartons under different task conditions. Thirty young Taiwanese men were recruited as participants and were requested to perform maximum FPBP exertion tests under four exertion heights (50, 80, 110, and 140 cm), two types of hand contact (bare hands and gloves), and two carton widths (40 and 60 cm). The results of this study indicated that the pushing strength for handleless cartons was almost twice the pulling strength for all exertion heights. This finding is different from those of previous relevant studies. The pulling force generated when gloves were worn was 38% higher than that generated under barehanded pulling. Moreover, the pulling force generated with a 40-cm-wide carton was 13% higher than that generated with a 60-cm-wide carton. Pushing strength was affected by only the exertion height. Practitioner Summary: We examined the effects of exertion height, carton width, and type of contact on the maximum FPBP strengths. Pulling strength should be considered first for the related task design because it is lower than pushing strength. However, pulling strength can be maximised by wearing gloves to pull a 60-cm-wide carton. Abbreviations: FPBP: forward pushing and backward pulling; ANOVA: analysis of varianceHIGHLIGHTSMaximum forward pushing and backward pulling (FPBP) forces vary for cartons.FPBP forces for force direction, contact type, carton width, and exertion height were examined.FPBP forces generated for handleless cartons differ from those generated for cartons with handles.Pulling strength can be maximised by wearing gloves and using a 60-cm-wide carton.Gloves are useful tools for pulling handleless cartons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Touyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuang Ho
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Liang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Factors Affecting Material-Cart Handling in the Roofing Industry: Evidence for Administrative Controls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041510. [PMID: 33562557 PMCID: PMC7915821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Material-cart handling can be strenuous and lead to overexertion injuries. The aim of this study is to produce a thorough understanding of how the cart condition, tire type, physical environment-related factors, and load interact to influence the ergonomics and productivity of cart handling. Eighteen roofing carts with different conditions, tires, and loads were tested by one subject on three laboratory tracks: one L-shaped, one with ramps within constrained spaces, and one with obstacles within constrained spaces. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to quantify the main and interaction effects of the factors of interest on the cart operations. The research findings confirm that using aged carts increases the injury risk by as much as 30.5% and decreases productivity by 35.4%. Our study also highlights the necessity of keeping an open space for cart operation; the travel distance from a cart to a ramp/obstacle should be greater than 61 cm. Finally, the results suggest the at-risk thresholds for different ramp slopes and obstacle heights, and the safe load capacities for the various working circumstances that are common on construction sites. The evidence created in this study can be translated into administrative controls for cart handling to reduce overexertion injuries and enhance performance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Leban B, Fabbri D, Lecca LI, Uras M, Monticone M, Porta M, Pau M, Campagna M. Characterization of hand forces exerted during non-powered hospital bed pushing and pulling tasks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:991-999. [PMID: 33249998 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1857081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of biomechanical risk associated with pushing/pulling tasks represents a challenging issue, especially in the health system where personnel are often required to maneuver beds and carts. Most studies in this field have been carried out in the laboratory, while few data have been collected under actual working conditions. This study aims to characterize the forces exerted during non-powered hospital bed maneuvering. Twenty participants were required to move a bed (equipped with a customized handlebar to measure exerted forces) along an actual hospital path including straight, turn and maneuver phases. The results show that higher forces are associated with the initial phase (peak and mean values 222 and 68 N) while the straight, turn and maneuvering phases required similar (lower) efforts. The combined effect of left, right and transversal forces suggests that the trunk of the operator might experience axial rotation, thus calling for further investigations of this aspect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Leban
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - D Fabbri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - L I Lecca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Uras
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Monticone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Porta
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Pau
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou J, Wiggermann N. The effects of hospital bed features on physical stresses on caregivers when repositioning patients in bed. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 90:103259. [PMID: 32977144 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Repositioning patients in bed is the most common patient handling activity and is associated with musculoskeletal disorders in caregivers. Hospital bed features may mitigate the risk of injury. The current study investigated the effect of bed features on the physical stress on caregivers. Ten nurses were recruited to perform three repositioning activities. Hand forces were recorded, and spine loading was estimated using a dynamic biomechanical model. Results demonstrated that except for the peak L5/S1 compressive load in the turning task, the use of assistive features significantly reduced the physical stresses for all repositioning activities. However, recommended thresholds for injury were still exceeded in many conditions. Compared with spinal load, hand force was much higher relative to the injury thresholds, suggesting a greater risk of shoulder and upper extremity injuries than low back injury. Mechanical lift equipment remains the safest and most robust way to reposition a patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Hillrom., 1069 State Rd 46, Batesville, IN, 47006, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin YH, Lu SY. Effects of ground and load on upper trapezius, biceps brachii muscle and hand forces in one- and two-wheeled wheelbarrow pushing. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 88:103151. [PMID: 32678772 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of ground surface, load, one- and two-wheeled wheelbarrow on muscular activities, hand force, and subject-perceived exertions while pushing a wheelbarrow in a straight line on a horizontal surface. The experimental results show that wheelbarrow load significantly affected muscular activities, hand force, and subject-perceived exertion. Additionally, different ground surfaces and wheelbarrow types also affected the muscular activities of the dominant hand; grass generated the highest muscle load and asphalt pavement generated the smallest muscle load. The user has to apply 57% and 23% more force in the vertical and horizontal direction while pushing one-vs. two-wheeled wheelbarrow. Muscular activity increased significantly in the dominant hand with the one-wheeled wheelbarrow compared with the two-wheeled wheelbarrow, suggesting that, in terms of muscle loads, the two-wheeled wheelbarrow is better than the one-wheeled wheelbarrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hui Lin
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Yi Lu
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chinichian M, Mehrdad R, Pouryaghoub G. Manual material handling in the Tehran Grand Bazaar, a type of traditional heavy work with musculoskeletal effects. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:31-36. [PMID: 32431235 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1763899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manual Material Handling (MMH) is a type of heavy work that causes a wide variety of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Porters constitute a poor socioeconomic group of workers who are faced with these risk factors. This study focuses on porters who push and pull loads of goods on handcarts inside and outside the Tehran Grand Bazaar. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of MSDs in porters of the Tehran Grand Bazaar. METHODS Based on official registries, more than 5000 porters work in the Tehran Grand Bazaar. In total, 398 porters were selected using the simple random sampling method. The prevalence of MSDs was assessed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for the Analysis of Musculoskeletal Symptoms. The tasks of the porters were analyzed during walk-through surveys in the Tehran Grand Bazaar. RESULTS The prevalence of MSDs in at least one body part was 53.8% in the last 12 months and 45.2% in the last 7 days. The most prevalent symptoms in the last 12 months were low-back pain (29.6%) and knee pain (19.6%). Symptoms were associated with age, height, weight, waist circumference, work duration, number of children, and manually handling goods heavier than 20 kg. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MSDs is high in the porters of the Tehran Grand Bazaar, likely due to heavy MMH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Chinichian
- Occupational Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Mehrdad
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Pouryaghoub
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molinaro DD, King AS, Young AJ. Biomechanical analysis of common solid waste collection throwing techniques using OpenSim and an EMG-assisted solver. J Biomech 2020; 104:109704. [PMID: 32248942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The solid waste collection industry is one of the most common occupations resulting in low back pain (LBP). Lumbar peak joint reaction forces and peak and integrated moments are strong correlates of LBP. To investigate these risks, this study compared three common waste collection throwing techniques of varying lumbar symmetry: the symmetric (SYM) technique, the asymmetric fixed stance (AFS) technique, and the asymmetric with pivot (AWP) technique. Lumbar moments and joint reaction loads were computed for throwing garbage bags of 3, 7, and 11 kg to quantify the effects that technique and object weight have on LBP risk. LBP risk factors were computed using a full-body musculoskeletal model in OpenSim. Muscle activations were estimated using two methods: the EMG-assisted method, which included electromyography data in the solution, and the conventional static optimization method, which did not. The EMG-assisted method more accurately reproduced measured muscle activation, resulting in significantly larger peak compressive and shear forces (p < 0.05) of magnitudes indicative of LBP risk. Risk factors associated with the SYM technique were either larger or not statistically different compared to the asymmetric techniques for the 3 kg condition; however, the opposite result occurred for the 7 and 11 kg conditions (p < 0.05). These results suggest using rapid, asymmetric techniques when handling lightweight objects and slower, symmetric techniques for heavier objects to reduce LBP risk during waste collection throwing techniques. Results indicating increased risk between asymmetric techniques were mostly inconclusive. As expected, increasing bag mass generally increased LBP risk factors, regardless of technique (p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean D Molinaro
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Andrew S King
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron J Young
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salve PS, Chokhandre P, Bansod DW. Multiple morbidities and health conditions of waste-loaders in Mumbai: A study of the burden of disease and health expenditure. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 75:79-87. [PMID: 30773101 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2019.1568223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Study assesses the effects of solid-waste loading on workers, the resultant development of occupational morbidities, and economic burden of these morbidities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 360 municipal workers from six of 24 municipal wards in Mumbai. The nearest neighborhood method of Propensity Score Matching (PSM) examined the impact of waste-loading on the development of morbidities and to identify the risk factors - multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), injury, eye and skin infections found significantly higher for waste-loaders compared to comparison group. The PSM method revealed that the occupation of waste-loading significantly raised the risk of injury (34%), MSDs (23%), eye (19%), skin infection (15%) and disability (15%), compared to comparison group. Significantly higher health expenditure is observed among waste-loaders who have sought treatment in private health facility than public. The study recommends to offer assistance the medical insurance for reducing the financial burden on waste-loaders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep S Salve
- Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Praveen Chokhandre
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhananjay W Bansod
- Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mokhlespour Esfahani MI, Nussbaum MA, Kong ZJ. Using a smart textile system for classifying occupational manual material handling tasks: evidence from lab-based simulations. ERGONOMICS 2019; 62:823-833. [PMID: 30716019 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1578419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Physical monitoring systems represent potentially powerful assessment devices to detect and describe occupational physical activities. A promising technology for such use is smart textile systems (STSs). Our goal in this exploratory study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of using two STSs to classify several manual material handling (MMH) tasks. Specifically, commercially-available 'smart' socks and a custom 'smart' shirt were used individually and in combination. Eleven participants simulated nine separate MMH tasks while wearing the STSs, and task classification accuracy was quantified subsequently using several common models. The shirt and socks, both individually and in combination, could classify the simulated tasks with greater than 97% accuracy. Thus, using STSs appears to have potential utility for discriminating occupational physical tasks in the work environment. Practitioner summary: A smart textile system could classify diverse MMH tasks with high accuracy. This technology may help in developing future ergonomic exposure assessment systems, with the goal of preventing occupational injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maury A Nussbaum
- b Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , Virginia Tech University , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Zhenyu James Kong
- b Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , Virginia Tech University , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Čamernik J, Azad M, Peternel L, Potocanac Z, Babič J. Staying on your feet: the effectiveness of posture and handles in counteracting balance perturbation. ERGONOMICS 2019; 62:657-667. [PMID: 30556785 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1559363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stairways, public transport and inclined walkways are often considered as sites with higher likelihood of falls due to a sudden loss of balance. Such sites are usually marked with warning signs, equipped with non-slip surfaces and handles or handrails to avert or decrease this likelihood. Especially, handles are supposed to provide additional support in cases of a sudden loss of balance. However, the mechanisms of using handles for balance at different heights are not yet fully disclosed. We simulated full body perturbations by applying an anterior force to the waist and investigated effectiveness and mechanisms of balance recovery in five different postures: step stance and normal stance with or without holding handles at different heights. Results indicate that both step stance and holding handles at different vertical positions sufficiently assist balance recovery, compared to normal stance. While there was no significant effect of handle in CoM displacement, the shoulder height handle required the lowest handle force, indicating a difference in using the handle. Practitioner summary: To investigate handle use for balance recovery, we perturbed healthy young adults in different standing positions. Even though the use of different handles had a similar effect, the lowest forces were exerted on the shoulder height handle indicating a preferred handle position for balance recovery. Abbreviation: AP: antero-posterior; CNS: Central nervous system; CoM: Center of Mass; CoMmax: Maximal displacement of the center of mass; CoP: Center of pressure; FHmax: Maximal resultant force exerted on the handle; hFHmax: Maximal horizontal force exerted on the handle; vFHmax; Maximal vertical force exerted on the handle; M1-M8: Perturbation force magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Čamernik
- a Laboratory for Neuromechanics and Biorobotics, Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics , Jožef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana 1000 , Slovenia
- b Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Morteza Azad
- d School of Computer Science , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , The United Kingdom
| | - Luka Peternel
- a Laboratory for Neuromechanics and Biorobotics, Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics , Jožef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana 1000 , Slovenia
- c HRI2 Lab, Department of Advanced Robotics , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Zrinka Potocanac
- a Laboratory for Neuromechanics and Biorobotics, Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics , Jožef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana 1000 , Slovenia
| | - Jan Babič
- a Laboratory for Neuromechanics and Biorobotics, Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics , Jožef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana 1000 , Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chowdhury SK, Nimbarte AD, Hsiao H, Gopalakrishnan B, Jaridi M. A biomechanical shoulder strain index based on stabilizing demand of shoulder joint. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:1657-1670. [PMID: 29999474 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1499967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Work-related shoulder joint disorders contribute considerably to absenteeism in the workplace. To identify the tasks that are stressful to the shoulder joint, a strain index was formulated based on the concept of concavity compression-a shoulder stabilizing mechanism. The magnitude and direction of the shoulder joint reaction forces were used in formulating the strain index. A two phase experiment was conducted. In Phase 1, participants performed 30 different manual handling tasks. The tasks were categorized into low, medium and high strain tasks based on their strain index values. In Phase 2, out of the 30 tasks, repetitive exertions of three tasks (low, medium and high strain index values) were simulated using three external loads (0.91, 1.81 and 2.72 kg). The muscle activity data recorded from eight shoulder muscles showed that tasks with higher strain index values induced significantly greater activation and muscle fatigue than tasks with lower strain index values.Practitioner Summary: The strain index developed in this study is a conclusive estimation of the concavity compression required for shoulder joint stabilization. It can be used to identify the activities that may contribute to the risks of shoulder disorders. Abbreviation BLS Bureau of the Labor Statistics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman K Chowdhury
- a Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
- b Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Ashish D Nimbarte
- a Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Hongwei Hsiao
- c Protective Technology Branch , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Bhaskaran Gopalakrishnan
- a Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Majid Jaridi
- a Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yi C, Li KW, Tang F, Zuo H, Ma L, Hu H. Pulling strength, muscular fatigue, and prediction of maximum endurance time for simulated pulling tasks. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207283. [PMID: 30444895 PMCID: PMC6239301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Truck pulling is one of the common manual materials handling tasks which contribute to musculoskeletal disorders. The maximum endurance time (MET) for two-handed truck pulling tasks has been rarely discussed in the literature. The objectives of this study were to explore the development of muscular fatigue when performing two-handed pulling task and to establish models to predict the MET. A simulated pallet truck pulling experiment was conducted. Sixteen healthy adults including eight females and eight males participated. The participants pulled a handle simulating that of a pallet truck using two hands until they could not pull any longer under two postures. The forces applied for females and males were 139.65 N and 170.03 N, respectively. The maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) of the pulling strength both before and after the simulated pull were measured. After each trial, both the MET and subjective ratings of muscular fatigue on body segments were recorded. The results showed that posture significantly affected MVC of pull both before and after the trial. It was found that foot/shank of the front leg had higher subjective ratings of muscular fatigue than the other body segments. The MET equations employing both power and logarithmic functions were developed to predict the MET of the two-handed pulling tasks. Predictive models established in this study may be used to assess the MET for two-handed pulling tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cannan Yi
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Way Li
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Industrial Management, Chung Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Fan Tang
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huali Zuo
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Hu
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wearable Monitoring Devices for Biomechanical Risk Assessment at Work: Current Status and Future Challenges-A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15092001. [PMID: 30217079 PMCID: PMC6163390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: In order to reduce the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) several methods have been developed, accepted by the international literature and used in the workplace. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe recent implementations of wearable sensors for quantitative instrumental-based biomechanical risk assessments in prevention of WMSDs. Methods: Articles written until 7 May 2018 were selected from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science using specific keywords. Results: Instrumental approaches based on inertial measurement units and sEMG sensors have been used for direct evaluations to classify lifting tasks into low and high risk categories. Wearable sensors have also been used for direct instrumental evaluations in handling of low loads at high frequency activities by using the local myoelectric manifestation of muscle fatigue estimation. In the field of the rating of standard methods, on-body wireless sensors network-based approaches for real-time ergonomic assessment in industrial manufacturing have been proposed. Conclusions: Few studies foresee the use of wearable technologies for biomechanical risk assessment although the requirement to obtain increasingly quantitative evaluations, the recent miniaturization process and the need to follow a constantly evolving manual handling scenario is prompting their use.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yi C, Tang F, Peng L, Li KW, Ma L, Hu H. Modeling of maximum endurance time for static pulling tasks. Work 2018; 60:455-463. [PMID: 30040782 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pallet truck pulling is one of the common manual materials handling tasks which could result in musculoskeletal injuries. The endurance time for sustained truck pulling tasks has been rarely discussed in the literature. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to measure the muscular fatigue after performing a pulling task and to establish models to predict the maximum endurance time for truck pulling tasks. METHODS A simulated truck pulling experiment was conducted. Ten human participants were recruited. The participants pulled a handle simulating that of a pallet truck under two loading conditions until they could not pull any longer. RESULTS The results indicated that hand/wrist and elbow had higher subjective ratings of muscular fatigue than the other body segments. A subjective rating of 5 or more was found on at least two of the body segments for all trials except one. An exponential model and a power model were established to predict the maximum endurance time of the pulling tasks. CONCLUSION Hand/wrist and elbow were the body segments most likely to suffer muscular fatigue for the simulated truck pulling tasks. The endurance time models established may be adopted in job designs for one-handed truck pulling tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cannan Yi
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan Province, PRC
| | - Fan Tang
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan Province, PRC
| | - Lu Peng
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan Province, PRC
| | - Kai Way Li
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan Province, PRC.,Department of Industrial Management, Chung Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PRC
| | - Hong Hu
- School of Safety & Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan Province, PRC
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Weston EB, Aurand A, Dufour JS, Knapik GG, Marras WS. Biomechanically determined hand force limits protecting the low back during occupational pushing and pulling tasks. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:853-865. [PMID: 29241415 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1417643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Though biomechanically determined guidelines exist for lifting, existing recommendations for pushing and pulling were developed using a psychophysical approach. The current study aimed to establish objective hand force limits based on the results of a biomechanical assessment of the forces on the lumbar spine during occupational pushing and pulling activities. Sixty-two subjects performed pushing and pulling tasks in a laboratory setting. An electromyography-assisted biomechanical model estimated spinal loads, while hand force and turning torque were measured via hand transducers. Mixed modelling techniques correlated spinal load with hand force or torque throughout a wide range of exposures in order to develop biomechanically determined hand force and torque limits. Exertion type, exertion direction, handle height and their interactions significantly influenced dependent measures of spinal load, hand force and turning torque. The biomechanically determined guidelines presented herein are up to 30% lower than comparable psychophysically derived limits and particularly more protective for straight pushing. Practitioner Summary: This study utilises a biomechanical model to develop objective biomechanically determined push/pull risk limits assessed via hand forces and turning torque. These limits can be up to 30% lower than existing psychophysically determined pushing and pulling recommendations. Practitioners should consider implementing these guidelines in both risk assessment and workplace design moving forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Weston
- a Spine Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
- b Department of Integrated Systems Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Alexander Aurand
- a Spine Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
- b Department of Integrated Systems Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Jonathan S Dufour
- a Spine Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
- b Department of Integrated Systems Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Gregory G Knapik
- a Spine Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
- b Department of Integrated Systems Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - William S Marras
- a Spine Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
- b Department of Integrated Systems Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Trunk response and stability in standing under sagittal-symmetric pull-push forces at different orientations, elevations and magnitudes. J Biomech 2018; 70:166-174. [PMID: 29089111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To reduce lifting and associated low back injuries, manual material handling operations often involve pulling-pushing of carts at different weights, orientations, and heights. The loads on spine and risk of injury however need to be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate muscle forces, spinal loads and trunk stability in pull-push tasks in sagittal-symmetric, static upright standing posture. Three hand-held load magnitudes (80, 120 and 160 N) at four elevations (0, 20, 40 and 60 cm to the L5-S1) and 24 force directions covering all pull/push orientations were considered. For this purpose, a musculoskeletal finite element model with kinematics measured earlier were used. Results demonstrated that peak spinal forces occur under inclined pull (lift) at upper elevations but inclined push at the lowermost one. Minimal spinal loads, on the other hand, occurred at and around vertical pull directions. Overall, spinal forces closely followed variations in the net external moment of pull-push forces at the L5-S1. Local lumbar muscles were most active in pulls while global extensor muscles in lifts. The trunk stability margin decreased with load elevation except at and around horizontal push; it peaked under pulls and reached minimum at vertical lifts. It also increased with antagonist activity in muscles and intra-abdominal pressure. Results provide insight into the marked effects of variation in the load orientation and elevation on muscle forces, spinal loads and trunk stability and hence offer help in rehabilitation, performance enhancement training and design of safer workplaces.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pushing and pulling tasks are very common in daily and industrial workplaces. They are one major source of musculoskeletal complaints. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the foot placement strategy while pushing and pulling. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen young males and ten young females were recruited as participants. METHODS A two (pushing and pulling) by four (48 cm, 84 cm, 120 cm, and 156 cm) factorial design was used. RESULTS Exertion direction and exertion height significantly affected foot placement strategy. Pushing task needed more anteroposterior space than pulling task. The percentages of female/male for trailing foot position ranged from 77% to 90% (pushing) and from 80% to 93% (pulling) across the exertion heights. CONCLUSION Practitioners should provide an anteroposterior space approximately to 70% body stature for workers to exert their maximum pulling and pushing strengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsien Lee
- Department of Industrial Management and Information, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brace T. The Dynamics of Pushing and Pulling in the Workplace: Assessing and Treating the Problem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/216507990505300507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Chow AY, La Delfa NJ, Dickerson CR. Muscular Exposures During Standardized Two-Handed Maximal Pushing and Pulling Tasks. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24725838.2017.1373168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y. Chow
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Nicholas J. La Delfa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clark R. Dickerson
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chokhandre P, Singh S, Kashyap GC. Prevalence, predictors and economic burden of morbidities among waste-pickers of Mumbai, India: a cross-sectional study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2017; 12:30. [PMID: 29051771 PMCID: PMC5634861 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-017-0176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occupation of waste-picking characterised as 3Ds – dangerous, drudgery and demanding. In this context, the study aimed to assess occupational morbidities among the waste-pickers and attempts to identify potential individual level risk factors enhancing health risks. Additionally, economic burden of morbidities has been assessed. Methods The burden of the morbidities was assessed and compared with a comparison group through a cross-sectional survey. Waste-pickers (n = 200) and a comparison group (n = 103) working for at least a year were randomly selected from the communities living on the edge of the Deonar dumping site. The difference in the prevalence of morbidities was tested using the chi-square test. The effect of waste picking resulting the development of morbidities was assessed using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify the individual risk factors. T-test has been employed in order to analyse the difference in health care expenditure between waste pickers and non-waste pickers. Results The prevalence of morbidities was significantly higher among the waste-pickers, particularly for injuries (75%), respiratory illness (28%), eye infection (29%), and stomach problems (32%), compared to the comparison group (17%, 15%, 18%, and 19% respectively). The results of the PSM method highlighted that waste-picking raised the risk of morbidity for injuries (62%) and respiratory illness (13%). Results of logistic regression suggest that low level of hygiene practices [household cleanliness (OR = 3.23, p < 0.00), non-use of soap before meals (OR = 2.65, p < 0.05)] and use of recyclable items as a cooking fuel (OR = 2.12, p < 0.03) enhanced health risks among the waste pickers when adjusted for the age, duration of work, duration of stay in community and substance use. Additionally, the high prevalence of morbidities among waste pickers resulted into higher healthcare expenditure. Findings of the study suggest that not only healthcare expenditure but persistence of illness and work days lost due to injury/illness is significantly higher among waste pickers compared to non-waste pickers. Conclusions The study concluded that waste-picking raised the risk of morbidities as also expenditure on healthcare. Results from the study recommend several measures to lessen the morbidities and thereby incurred healthcare expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Chokhandre
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road Donor, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - Shrikant Singh
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road Deonar, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - Gyan Chandra Kashyap
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road Donor, Mumbai, 400088 India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Giagloglou E, Radenkovic M, Brankovic S, Antoniou P, Zivanovic-Macuzic I. Pushing, pulling and manoeuvring an industrial cart: a psychophysiological study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2017; 25:296-304. [PMID: 28849989 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2017.1370231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequent manual occupational tasks involves the pushing and pulling of a cart. Although several studies have associated health risks with pushing and pulling, the effects are not clear since occupational tasks have social, cognitive and physical components. The present work investigates a real case of a pushing and pulling occupational task from a manufacturing company. The study initially characterizes the case in accordance with Standard No. ISO 11228-2:2007 as low risk. An experiment with 14 individuals during three modalities of pushing and pulling was performed in order to further investigate the task with the application of electrophysiology. At the end, a simple questionnaire was given. The results show electrophysiological differences among the three modalities of pushing and pulling, with a major difference between action with no load and fully loaded with a full range of motions on the cart to handle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milan Radenkovic
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Sasa Brankovic
- b Clinic for Psychiatry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Serbia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gyemi DL, van Wyk PM, Statham M, Casey J, Andrews DM. 3D peak and cumulative low back and shoulder loads and postures during greenhouse pepper harvesting using a video-based approach. Work 2017; 55:817-829. [PMID: 28059807 DOI: 10.3233/wor-162442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In agricultural field work many tasks have been cited as high priority risk factors for the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). Although video-based biomechanical approaches have been effective in documenting the physical demands and risks associated with various occupational and non-occupational tasks, to date, this method has yet to be used to document jobs such as crop harvesting in a greenhouse environment. OBJECTIVE To document and assess the postural characteristics and 3D peak and cumulative low back and shoulder loads associated with greenhouse pepper harvesting using a video-based posture sampling approach. METHODS Nine male (28.2 (4.1) years) pepper harvesters from a greenhouse in Southwestern Ontario, Canada were videotaped during a normal shift. 3DMatch was used to document working trunk and shoulder postures, from which 3D peak and cumulative forces and moments were quantified. RESULTS On average, workers spent the majority of their time in neutral trunk postures (lateral bend: 99.1%; axial twist: 59.9%; flexion: 89.8%). Consistent results were found for the left and right shoulder, with the arms held in a neutral flexion posture 50% of the time or more. Four participants experienced peak L4/L5 compression forces (between 4116.3 N and 5937.0 N) which exceeded the NIOSH Action Limit (3400 N) during the cart pushing/pulling task, but remained below the threshold during picking. Mean cumulative L4/L5 extension and shoulder flexion moments ranged in magnitude from 18.5 Nm to 28.2 Nm, and between 19.4 Nm and 23.2 Nm, respectively, across all tasks. CONCLUSIONS The postural characteristics and biomechanical loads associated with greenhouse pepper harvesting were quantified with a video-based biomechanical approach. Further investigations of the physical risk factors for low back and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders is warranted in pepper harvesting, given the postures and loads documented in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Gyemi
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Paula M van Wyk
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Statham
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Casey
- Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - David M Andrews
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Muskel-Skelett-Belastungen beim Schieben und Ziehen von Krankenbetten und Rollstühlen. ZENTRALBLATT FÜR ARBEITSMEDIZIN, ARBEITSSCHUTZ UND ERGONOMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40664-016-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
29
|
Wiggermann N. Effect of a powered drive on pushing and pulling forces when transporting bariatric hospital beds. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 58:59-65. [PMID: 27633198 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Powered drives designed to assist with moving hospital beds are commercially available but no studies have evaluated whether they reduce the push and pull forces likely contributing to injury in caregivers. This study measured hand forces of 10 caregivers maneuvering a manual and powered bariatric bed through simulated hospital environments (hallway, elevator, and ramp). Peak push and pull forces exceeded previously established psychophysical limits for all activities with the manual bed. For the powered bed, peak forces were significantly (p < 0.05) lower for all tasks, and below psychophysical limits. Powered drive reduced peak forces between 38% (maneuvering into elevator) and 94% (descending ramp). Powered drive also reduced stopping distance by 55%. When maneuvering, the integral of hand force was 34% lower with powered drive, but average forces during straight-line pushing did not differ between beds. Powered drive may reduce the risk of injury or the number of caregivers needed for transport.
Collapse
|
30
|
Lind CM. Pushing and pulling: an assessment tool for occupational health and safety practitioners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2016; 24:14-26. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2016.1258811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
31
|
Salve PS, Chokhandre P. Assessing the exposure of street sweeping and potential risk factors for developing musculoskeletal disorders and related disabilities: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012354. [PMID: 27986735 PMCID: PMC5168656 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the exposure of those involved in street sweeping to the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and related disabilities and tries to identify the individual risk factors thereof. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted among street sweepers together with a comparison group. A modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was adopted to measure the prevalence of MSDs and related disabilities. The impact of the occupation of sweeping on the development of MSDs and related disabilities was assessed using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify the individual risk factors. PARTICIPANTS Street sweepers (n=180) and a comparison group (n=180), working for at least a year as formal employees of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM), were randomly selected from 6 municipal wards. RESULTS The prevalence of the MSDs was significantly higher among the sweepers for shoulders (32%), wrists/hands (29%), elbows (27%) and neck (17%) compared with the comparison group, in which the prevalence was 11%, 19%, 9% and 11%, respectively. The disabilities too were significantly higher among the street sweepers for the lower back (27%), upper back (27%), wrists/hands (26%), shoulders (24%) and elbows (23%) compared with the comparison group, for which the figures were 18%, 19%, 13%, 9% and 6% respectively. The PSM method highlighted that the occupation of sweeping raised the risk of developing MSDs and disabilities particularly for the shoulders (17-16%), wrists/hands (14% each), elbows (13% each) and the upper back (12-13%). After adjusting the age, body mass index and the caste of the street sweepers, the number of years of engagement in street sweeping and the location of work emerged as potential risk factors in the development of MSDs and, thereby, related disabilities. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that the occupation of street sweeping raises the risk of MSDs and related disabilities. This study recommends preventive and curative measures to deal with MSDs among street sweepers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep S Salve
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen Chokhandre
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fraysse F, Milanese S, Thewlis D. Practices and risks associated with operation of tie-down lashings in the vehicle transport industry. ERGONOMICS 2016; 59:1661-1672. [PMID: 27004490 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1158324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Load restraint systems in automobile transport utilise tie-down lashings placed over the car's tyres, which are tensioned manually by the operator using a ratchet assembly. This process has been identified as a significant manual handling injury risk. The aim of this study was to gain insight on the current practices associated with tie-down lashings operation, and identify the gaps between current and optimal practice. We approached this with qualitative and quantitative assessments and one numerical simulation to establish: (i) insight into the factors involved in ratcheting; (ii) the required tension to hold the car on the trailer; and (iii) the tension achieved by drivers in practice and associated joint loads. We identified that the method recommended to the drivers was not used in practice. Drivers instead tensioned the straps to the maximum of their capability, leading to over-tensioning and mechanical overload at the shoulder and elbow. We identified the postures and strategies that resulted in the lowest loads on the upper body during ratcheting (using both hands and performing the task with their full body). This research marks the first step towards the development of a training programme aiming at changing practice to reduce injury risks associated with the operation of tie-down lashings in the automobile transport industry. Practitioner Summary: The study investigated current practice associated with the operation of tie-down lashings through qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (biomechanical analysis) methods. Operators tended to systematically over-tension the lashings and consequently overexert, increasing injury risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Fraysse
- a Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity , Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Steven Milanese
- b International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Dominic Thewlis
- a Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity , Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Human Body Mechanics of Pushing and Pulling: Analyzing the Factors of Task-related Strain on the Musculoskeletal System. Saf Health Work 2016; 8:11-18. [PMID: 28344836 PMCID: PMC5355528 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to name and describe the important factors of musculoskeletal strain originating from pushing and pulling tasks such as cart handling that are commonly found in industrial contexts. A literature database search was performed using the research platform Web of Science. For a study to be included in this review differences in measured or calculated strain had to be investigated with regard to: (1) cart weight/ load; (2) handle position and design; (3) exerted forces; (4) handling task (push and pull); or (5) task experience. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and proved to be of adequate methodological quality by the standards of the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research. External load or cart weight proved to be the most influential factor of strain. The ideal handle positions ranged from hip to shoulder height and were dependent on the strain factor that was focused on as well as the handling task. Furthermore, task experience and subsequently handling technique were also key to reducing strain. Workplace settings that regularly involve pushing and pulling should be checked for potential improvements with regards to lower weight of the loaded handling device, handle design, and good practice guidelines to further reduce musculoskeletal disease prevalence.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chow AY, Dickerson CR. Determinants and magnitudes of manual force strengths and joint moments during two-handed standing maximal horizontal pushing and pulling. ERGONOMICS 2016; 59:534-544. [PMID: 26256837 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1075605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pushing and pulling are common occupational exertions that are increasingly associated with musculoskeletal complaints. This study focuses on the sensitivity of shoulder capacity to gender, handle height, exertion type (push or pull) and handle orientation for these tasks. All factors except for handle orientation influenced unilateral and total manual force strength (p < 0.01), with exertion type being the most influential. Interaction effects also existed between handle height and exertion type. Additionally, joint moments at the shoulders and low back were influenced by all factors studied (p < 0.01), with exertion type again being most influential. Knowledge of the relative influence of multiple factors on shoulder capacity can provide guidance regarding these factors when designing or evaluating occupational pushing and pulling tasks for a diverse population. Practitioner Summary: pushing and pulling comprise nearly half of all manual materials handling tasks. Practitioners often assess, design or modify these tasks while incorporating constraints, including manual force direction and handle interface. This study provides guidance to aid design of pushing and pulling tasks in the context of shoulder physical capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Chow
- a Department of Kinesiology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Canada
| | - Clark R Dickerson
- a Department of Kinesiology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
El Ouaaid Z, Shirazi-Adl A, Plamondon A. Effects of variation in external pulling force magnitude, elevation, and orientation on trunk muscle forces, spinal loads and stability. J Biomech 2016; 49:946-952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Dreischarf M, Shirazi-Adl A, Arjmand N, Rohlmann A, Schmidt H. Estimation of loads on human lumbar spine: A review of in vivo and computational model studies. J Biomech 2016; 49:833-845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
37
|
The Effects of Direction of Exertion, Path, and Load Placement in Nursing Cart Pushing and Pulling Tasks: An Electromyographical Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140792. [PMID: 26485039 PMCID: PMC4618739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of direction of exertion (DOE) (pushing, pulling), path (walking in a straight line, turning left, walking uphill), and load placement (LP) (the 18 blocks were indicated by X, Y and Z axis; there were 3 levels on the X axis, 2 levels on the Y axis, and 3 levels on the Z axis) on muscle activity and ratings of perceived exertion in nursing cart pushing and pulling tasks. Ten participants who were female students and not experienced nurses were recruited to participate in the experiment. Each participant performed 108 experimental trials in the study, consisting of 2 directions of exertion (push and pull), 3 paths, and 18 load placements (indicated by X, Y and Z axes). A 23kg load was placed into one load placement. The dependent variables were electromyographic (EMG) data of four muscles collected bilaterally as follows: Left (L) and right (R) trapezius (TR), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), extensor digitorum (ED), and erector spinae (ES) and subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Split-split-plot ANOVA was conducted to analyze significant differences between DOE, path, and LP in the EMG and RPE data. Pulling cart tasks produced a significantly higher activation of the muscles (RTR:54.4%, LTR:50.3%, LFDS:57.0%, LED:63.4%, RES:40.7%, LES:36.7%) than pushing cart tasks (RTR:42.4%, LTR:35.1%, LFDS:32.3%, LED:55.1%, RES:33.3%, LES:32.1%). A significantly greater perceived exertion was found in pulling cart tasks than pushing cart tasks. Significantly higher activation of all muscles and perceived exertion were observed for walking uphill than walking in a straight line and turning left. Significantly lower muscle activity of all muscles and subject ratings were observed for the central position on the X axis, the bottom position on the Y axis, and the posterior position on the Z axis. These findings suggest that nursing staff should adopt forward pushing when moving a nursing cart, instead of backward pulling, and that uphill paths should be avoided in the design of work environments. In terms of distribution of the load in a nursing cart, heavier materials should be positioned at bottom of the cabinet, centered on the horizontal plane and close to the handle, to reduce the physical load of the nursing staff.
Collapse
|
38
|
Singh S, Chokhandre P. Assessing the impact of waste picking on musculoskeletal disorders among waste pickers in Mumbai, India: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008474. [PMID: 26408284 PMCID: PMC4593149 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) as well as the impact of the occupation of waste picking on complaints of MSDs among waste pickers. The study attempts to understand the risk factors for MSDs in various areas of the body. DESIGN A cross-sectional household survey was conducted using a case-control design. The survey instrument for measuring musculoskeletal symptoms was adopted from a standardised Nordic questionnaire. The impact of the occupation of waste picking on MSDs was analysed using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. PARTICIPANTS The study population consisted of waste pickers (n=200) who had been working for at least a year and a control group (n=213) selected from among or living close to the same communities. RESULTS The 12-month prevalence of MSDs was higher among waste pickers (79%) compared to controls (55%) particularly in the lower back (54-36%), knee (48-35%), upper back (40-21%) and shoulder (32-12%). Similar patterns were observed in the 12-month prevalence of MSDs which prevented normal activity inside and outside the home, particularly for the lower back (36-21%), shoulder (21-7%) and upper back (25-12%) for waste pickers and controls. Analysis of the impact of waste picking on complaints of MSDs suggests that the occupation of waste picking raises the risk of MSDs particularly in the shoulder, lower and upper back. Older age and longer duration of work are significant risk factors for MSDs. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a relatively higher prevalence of MSDs among waste pickers, particularly in the lower and upper back and shoulder, compared to controls. Preventive measures and treatment to minimise the burden of MSDs among waste pickers are strongly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Singh
- Department of Mathematical Demography, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen Chokhandre
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abraham BB, Joyce TJ, Davidson RI, Johnson GR. A novel four-caster manual vehicle manoeuvring investigation: Higher loading-weights require larger turning spaces. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2015; 229:403-16. [PMID: 25991718 DOI: 10.1177/0954411915581868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Patient-hoists, goods-trolleys and other omni-directional manually operated vehicles are ubiquitous. Yet no substantive, empirically based dynamic analysis has been made of these four-caster vehicles despite manual handling concerns. A relationship between loading-weight and turning space is indicated by theoretical analysis which further shows that this effect is represented by only 11 different manoeuvres. A qualitative account of the theory is presented. These 11 manoeuvres were implemented experimentally. A total of 17 subjects selected a maximum comfortable loading-weight for the four-caster vehicle for each of the 11 manoeuvres. Vehicle displacement and handle forces were measured for different centres of zero velocity. The median loading-weight of the manoeuvre with the highest loading-weight selections was 101% greater than the mean loading-weight of the three manoeuvres with the lowest loading-weight selections. The manoeuvre with the highest loading-weight selections required a larger vehicle turning space: one dimension increased by 37% (173 mm) compared with the three lowest loading-weight selection manoeuvres and the other dimension increased by 17% (130 mm) compared with one of the lowest loading-weight selection manoeuvres. Higher loading-weights require larger turning spaces. These results can contribute to building designs which facilitate safe manual manoeuvring of four-caster vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Abraham
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Tom J Joyce
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Robert I Davidson
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Garth R Johnson
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Le P, Hwang J, Grawe S, Li J, Snyder A, Lee C, Marras WS. Biomechanical patterns of text-message distraction. ERGONOMICS 2015; 58:1690-1700. [PMID: 25867196 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify biomechanical measures that can distinguish texting distraction in a laboratory-simulated driving environment. The goal would be to use this information to provide an intervention for risky driving behaviour. Sixteen subjects participated in this study. Three independent variables were tested: task (texting, visual targeting, weighted and non-weighted movements), task direction (front and side) and task distance (close and far). Dependent variables consisted of biomechanical moments, head displacement and the length of time to complete each task. Results revealed that the time to complete each task was higher for texting compared to other tasks. Peak moments during texting were only distinguishable from visual targeting. Peak head displacement and cumulative biomechanical exposure measures indicated that texting can be distinguished from other tasks. Therefore, it may be useful to take into account both temporal and biomechanical measures when considering warning systems to detect texting distraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Le
- a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA
| | - Jaejin Hwang
- a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA
| | - Sarah Grawe
- a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA
| | - Jing Li
- a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA
| | - Alison Snyder
- a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA
| | - Christina Lee
- a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA
| | - William S Marras
- a Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University , 210 Baker Systems Engineering, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Varcin L, Claus A, van den Hoorn W, Hodges P. Manual handling: differences in perceived effort, success rate and kinematics between three different pushing techniques. ERGONOMICS 2014; 58:268-277. [PMID: 25343518 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.970586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the perceived effort, success rates and kinematics for three push strategies in a simulated lateral patient transfer (horizontal slide). Thirteen healthy subjects (four males) completed three repetition pushing loads of 6, 10 and 14 kg in random order; with a spontaneous push strategy, then with a straight-back bent-knees (squat) strategy and the preparatory pelvic movement ('rockback') strategy in random order. Perceived effort and kinematic parameters measured at the onset of movement and at maximum push excursion were compared between strategies and between loads with repeated measures ANOVA. The spontaneous and 'rockback' strategies achieved the pushing task with less perceived effort across all loads than the squat push (P < 0.001). Only 3/13 participants were successful on all attempts at pushing the 14 kg load using a squat strategy, which contrasted with 12/13 participants when the spontaneous strategy or the 'rockback' strategy was used. Forward movement of the pelvis and forward trunk inclination may be positively associated with lower perceived effort in the push task. Practitioner Summary: In a manual-handling task that simulated a lateral patient transfer (horizontal slide), perceived effort and success rates of three push strategies were compared. A straight-back bent-knees push (squat) strategy demonstrated greater perceived effort and lower success rates than a spontaneous push strategy, or a push strategy with preparatory 'rockback' pelvic movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Varcin
- a School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ouaaid ZE, Shirazi-Adl A, Plamondon A, Arjmand N. Elevation and orientation of external loads influence trunk neuromuscular response and spinal forces despite identical moments at the L5–S1 level. J Biomech 2014; 47:3035-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
43
|
Hoozemans MJM, Knelange EB, Frings-Dresen MHW, Veeger HEJ, Kuijer PPFM. Are pushing and pulling work-related risk factors for upper extremity symptoms? A systematic review of observational studies. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:788-95. [PMID: 25035115 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Systematically review observational studies concerning the question whether workers that perform pushing/pulling activities have an increased risk for upper extremity symptoms as compared to workers that perform no pushing/pulling activities. A search in MEDLINE via PubMed and EMBASE was performed with work-related search terms combined with push/pushing/pull/pulling. Studies had to examine exposure to pushing/pulling in relation to upper extremity symptoms. Two authors performed the literature selection and assessment of the risk of bias in the studies independently. A best evidence synthesis was used to draw conclusions in terms of strong, moderate or conflicting/insufficient evidence. The search resulted in 4764 studies. Seven studies were included, with three of them of low risk of bias, in total including 8279 participants. A positive significant relationship with upper extremity symptoms was observed in all four prospective cohort studies with effect sizes varying between 1.5 and 4.9. Two out of the three remaining studies also reported a positive association with upper extremity symptoms. In addition, significant positive associations with neck/shoulder symptoms were found in two prospective cohort studies with effect sizes of 1.5 and 1.6, and with shoulder symptoms in one of two cross-sectional studies with an effect size of 2.1. There is strong evidence that pushing/pulling is related to upper extremity symptoms, specifically for shoulder symptoms. There is insufficient or conflicting evidence that pushing/pulling is related to (combinations of) upper arm, elbow, forearm, wrist or hand symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J M Hoozemans
- MOVE Research Institute, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands CORAL - Centre for Orthopaedic Research Alkmaar, Orthopaedic Outpatient Department, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - E B Knelange
- MOVE Research Institute, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M H W Frings-Dresen
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health/Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E J Veeger
- MOVE Research Institute, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Faculty of Mechanical, Material and Marine Engineering, Department of Biomechatronics and Biorobotics, Delft University of Technology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P P F M Kuijer
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health/Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sandfeld J, Rosgaard C, Jensen BR. L4-L5 compression and anterior/posterior joint shear forces in cabin attendants during the initial push/pull actions of airplane meal carts. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2014; 45:1067-1075. [PMID: 24552608 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the acute low back load of cabin attendants during cart handling and to identify working situations which present the highest strain on the worker. In a setup, 17 cabin attendants (ten females and seven males) pushed, pulled and turned a 20 kg standard meal cart (L: 0.5m × W: 0.3 m × H: 0.92 m) loaded with extra 20 kg and 40 kg, respectively on two different surfaces (carpet and linoleum) and at three floor inclinations (-2°, 0° and +2°). Two force transducers were mounted as handles. Two-dimensional movement analysis was performed and a 4D WATBAK modelling tool was used to calculate the acute L4-L5 load. No working situations created loads greater than the accepted values for single exertions, however compression and anterior/posterior shear forces during pulling and turning were much higher when compared with pushing. There were significant effects of handling the cart on different floor types, at the varying inclinations and with different cart weights. Additionally, when external forces were reduced, the cabin attendants did not decrease push/pull force proportionally and thus the L4-L5 load did not decrease as much as expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Sandfeld
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 51, Copenhagen DK-2200N, Denmark.
| | - Christian Rosgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 51, Copenhagen DK-2200N, Denmark
| | - Bente Rona Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 51, Copenhagen DK-2200N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Daniell N, Merrett S, Paul G. Effectiveness of powered hospital bed movers for reducing physiological strain and back muscle activation. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2014; 45:849-856. [PMID: 24246299 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Battery powered bed movers are becoming increasingly common within the hospital setting. The use of powered bed movers is believed to result in reduced physical efforts required by health care workers, which may be associated with a decreased risk of occupation related injuries. However, little work has been conducted assessing how powered bed movers impact on levels of physiological strain and muscle activation for the user. The muscular efforts associated with moving hospital beds using three different methods; powered StaminaLift Bed Mover (PBM1), powered Gzunda Bed Mover (PBM2) and manual pushing were measured on six male subjects. Fourteen muscles were assessed moving a weighted hospital bed along a standardized route in an Australian hospital environment. Trunk inclination and upper spine acceleration were also quantified. Powered bed movers exhibited significantly lower muscle activation levels than manual pushing for the majority of muscles. When using the PBM1, users adopted a more upright posture which was maintained while performing different tasks (e.g. turning a corner, entering a lift), while trunk inclination varied considerably for manual pushing and the PBM2. The reduction in lower back muscular activation levels may result in lower incidence of lower back injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Daniell
- School of Health Sciences, City East Campus, University of South Australia, Corner Frome Rd and North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Simon Merrett
- School of Health Sciences, City East Campus, University of South Australia, Corner Frome Rd and North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Gunther Paul
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Garg A, Waters T, Kapellusch J, Karwowski W. Psychophysical basis for maximum pushing and pulling forces: A review and recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS 2014; 44:281-291. [PMID: 26664045 PMCID: PMC4672999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to perform a comprehensive review of psychophysically determined maximum acceptable pushing and pulling forces. Factors affecting pushing and pulling forces are identified and discussed. Recent studies show a significant decrease (compared to previous studies) in maximum acceptable forces for males but not for females when pushing and pulling on a treadmill. A comparison of pushing and pulling forces measured using a high inertia cart with those measured on a treadmill shows that the pushing and pulling forces using high inertia cart are higher for males but are about the same for females. It is concluded that the recommendations of Snook and Ciriello (1991) for pushing and pulling forces are still valid and provide reasonable recommendations for ergonomics practitioners. Regression equations as a function of handle height, frequency of exertion and pushing/pulling distance are provided to estimate maximum initial and sustained forces for pushing and pulling acceptable to 75% male and female workers. At present it is not clear whether pushing or pulling should be favored. Similarly, it is not clear what handle heights would be optimal for pushing and pulling. Epidemiological studies are needed to determine relationships between psychophysically determined maximum acceptable pushing and pulling forces and risk of musculoskeletal injuries, in particular to low back and shoulders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Garg
- Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Ergonomics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Thomas Waters
- National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jay Kapellusch
- Occupational Science and Technology, Center for Ergonomics, University Of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The Spatial Dependency of Shoulder Muscle Demands for Seated Lateral Hand Force Exertions. J Appl Biomech 2014; 30:1-11. [PMID: 23549370 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2012-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As the modern workplace is dominated by submaximal repetitive tasks, knowledge of the effect of task location is important to ensure workers are unexposed to potentially injurious demands imposed by repetitive work in awkward or sustained postures. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a three-dimensional spatial map of the muscle activity for the right upper extremity during laterally directed submaximal force exertions. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from fourteen muscles surrounding the shoulder complex as the participants exerted 40N of force in two directions (leftward, rightward) at 70 defined locations. Hand position in both push directions strongly influenced total and certain individual muscle demands as identified by repeated measures analysis of variance (P< .001). During rightward exertions individual muscle activation varied from 1 to 21% MVE and during leftward exertions it varied from 1 to 27% MVE with hand location. Continuous prediction equations for muscular demands based on three-dimensional spatial parameters were created with explained variance ranging from 25 to 73%. The study provides novel information for evaluating existing and proactive workplace designs, and may help identify preferred geometric placements of lateral exertions in occupational settings to lower muscular demands, potentially mitigating fatigue and associated musculoskeletal risks.
Collapse
|
48
|
Nimbarte AD, Sun Y, Jaridi M, Hsiao H. Biomechanical loading of the shoulder complex and lumbosacral joints during dynamic cart pushing task. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2013; 44:841-849. [PMID: 23566675 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to quantify the effect of dynamic cart pushing exertions on the biomechanical loading of shoulder and low back. Ten participants performed cart pushing tasks on flat (0°), 5°, and 10° ramped walkways at 20 kg, 30 kg, and 40 kg weight conditions. An optoelectronic motion capturing system configured with two force plates was used for the kinematic and ground reaction force data collection. The experimental data was modeled using AnyBody modeling system to compute three-dimensional peak reaction forces at the shoulder complex (sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral) and low back (lumbosacral) joints. The main effect of walkway gradient and cart weight, and gradient by weight interaction on the biomechanical loading of shoulder complex and low back joints was statistically significant (all p < 0.001). At the lumbosacral joint, negligible loading in the mediolateral direction was observed compared to the anterioposterior and compression directions. Among the shoulder complex joints, the peak reaction forces at the acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joints were comparable and much higher than the sternoclavicular joint. Increased shear loading of the lumbosacral joint, distraction loading of glenohumeral joint and inferosuperior loading of the acromioclavicular joint may contribute to the risk of work-related low back and shoulder musculoskeletal disorder with prolonged and repetitive use of carts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish D Nimbarte
- Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, PO Box 6070, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6107, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Huang CK, Siu KC, Lien HY, Lee YJ, Lin YH. Scapular kinematics and muscle activities during pushing tasks. J Occup Health 2013; 55:259-66. [PMID: 23796596 DOI: 10.1539/joh.12-0105-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pushing tasks are functional activities of daily living. However, shoulder complaints exist among workers exposed to regular pushing conditions. It is crucial to investigate the control of shoulder girdles during pushing tasks. The objective of the study was to demonstrate scapular muscle activities and motions on the dominant side during pushing tasks and the relationship between scapular kinematics and muscle activities in different pushing conditions. METHODS Thirty healthy adults were recruited to push a four-wheel cart in six pushing conditions. The electromyographic signals of the upper trapezius (UT) and serratus anterior (SA) muscles were recorded. A video-based system was used for measuring the movement of the shoulder girdle and scapular kinematics. Differences in scapular kinematics and muscle activities due to the effects of handle heights and weights of the cart were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The relationships between scapular kinematics and muscle activities were examined by Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS The changes in upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscle activities increased significantly with increased pushing weights in the one-step pushing phase. The UT/SA ratio on the dominant side decreases significantly with increased handle heights in the one-step pushing phase. The changes in upward rotation, lateral slide and elevation of the scapula decreased with increased pushing loads in the trunk-forward pushing phase. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that increased pushing loads result in decreased motions of upward rotation, lateral slide and elevation of the scapula; decreased handle heights result in relatively increased activities of the serratus anterior muscles during pushing tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Huang
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, School of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Pallet jacks used in manual material handling jobs are commonly pulled behind the operator to allow full visibility, resulting in awkward shoulder extension and trunk rotation. In this laboratory study, we compared an alternative handle with a standard handle during use when traveling with the pallet jack behind the operator. Total oxygen consumption, usability, comfort, and preference were compared between the two handles. The results showed different advantages associated with each handle design, leading to the conclusion that a secondary handle, used in conjunction with a primary standard handle, may be a beneficial intervention for pallet jack use.
Collapse
|