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Hauber B, Hand MV, Hancock BC, Zarrella J, Harding L, Ogden-Barker M, Antipas AS, Watt SJ. Patient Acceptability and Preferences for Solid Oral Dosage Form Drug Product Attributes: A Scoping Review. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:1281-1297. [PMID: 38919378 PMCID: PMC11197953 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s443213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is no consistent framework for patient-centric drug product design, despite the common understanding that drug product acceptability and preferences influence adherence and, therefore, drug product effectiveness. The aim of this review was to assess current understanding of patient acceptability and preferences for solid oral dosage form (SODF) drug product attributes, and the potential impact of these attributes on patient behaviors and outcomes. Patients and Methods A scoping review was conducted. Embase, Ovid MEDLINE®, and PubMed® were searched for full-text articles published between January 2013 and May 2023. Following screening and assessment against predefined inclusion criteria, data were analyzed thematically. Results Nineteen studies were included. Four overarching domains of drug product attributes were identified and summarized in a framework: appearance, swallowability, palatability, and handling. Each domain was informed by specific drug product attributes: texture, form, size, shape, color, marking, taste, mouthfeel, and smell. The most frequently studied domains were swallowability and appearance, while the most studied attributes were size, shape, and texture. Smell, marking, and mouthfeel were the least studied attributes. Texture intersected all domains, while form, shape, and size intersected appearance, swallowability, and handling. Swallowability and size appeared to be the key domain and attribute, respectively, to consider when designing drug products. Few studies explored the impact of drug product attributes on behaviors and outcomes. Conclusion While existing studies of drug product attributes have focused on appearance and swallowability, this review highlighted the importance of two less well-understood domains-palatability and handling-in understanding patients' acceptability and preferences for SODF drug products. The framework provides a tool to facilitate patient-centric design of drug products, organizing and categorizing physical drug product attributes into four overarching domains (appearance, swallowability, palatability, and handling), encouraging researchers to comprehensively assess the impact of drug product attributes on patient acceptability, preferences, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark V Hand
- Pfizer Ireland Pharmaceuticals, Ballintaggart, Cork, Ringaskiddy, Ireland
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2
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Alessandrini E, Gonakova M, Batchelor H, Gizurarson S, Iurian S, Klein S, Schaufelberger D, Turner R, Walsh J, Tuleu C. Colour of Medicines and Children's Acceptability? A Systematic Literature Review of Children's Perceptions about Colours of Oral Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1992. [PMID: 37514178 PMCID: PMC10384887 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The colour of a product plays an important role in consumer experiences, and in the context of pharmaceutical products, this could potentially affect a patient's expectations, behaviours, and adherence. Several studies have been conducted on adults, but little is known about children's opinions on colours of medicines and to what extent medicines' colour affects their acceptability. To address this gap, a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science was conducted. Two authors independently screened the titles, abstracts, and references of all articles and selected studies conducted on children (0-18 years old), assessing children's preferences or opinions about colour of oral dosage forms as either a primary or secondary objective or as an anecdotal record. A total of 989 publications were identified and, after screening, 18 publications were included in the review. Red and pink were the most liked colours and there appeared to be a relationship between the colour of a medicine and expected taste/flavour. The review also highlighted a scarcity of information, usually collected as an anecdotal record. Several gaps in the current knowledge were underlined, emphasizing the need of patient-centred studies to understand if the use of certain colours can improve or worsen the acceptability of a paediatric medicine. This will help inform pharmaceutical manufacturers and regulators on the role and need of colours in children's medicines beyond quality purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Alessandrini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Milena Gonakova
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sveinbjorn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Pharmacy Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre P.O. Box 360, Malawi
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sandra Klein
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Schaufelberger
- School of Medicine, Neurology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Roy Turner
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Walsh
- Jenny Walsh Consulting Ltd., East Midlands Chamber, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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3
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Rahmalia A, Poespoprodjo JR, Landuwulang CUR, Ronse M, Kenangalem E, Burdam FH, Thriemer K, Devine A, Price RN, Peeters Grietens K, Ley B, Gryseels C. Adherence to 14-day radical cure for Plasmodium vivax malaria in Papua, Indonesia: a mixed-methods study. Malar J 2023; 22:162. [PMID: 37210520 PMCID: PMC10199529 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing the risk of recurrent Plasmodium vivax malaria is critical for malaria control and elimination. Primaquine (PQ) is the only widely available drug against P. vivax dormant liver stages, but is recommended as a 14-day regimen, which can undermine adherence to a complete course of treatment. METHODS This is a mixed-methods study to assess socio-cultural factors influencing adherence to a 14-day PQ regimen in a 3-arm, treatment effectiveness trial in Papua, Indonesia. The qualitative strand, consisting of interviews and participant observation was triangulated with a quantitative strand in which trial participants were surveyed using a questionnaire. RESULTS Trial participants differentiated between two types of malaria: tersiana and tropika, equivalent to P. vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection, respectively. The perceived severity of both types was similar with 44.0% (267/607) perceiving tersiana vs. 45.1% (274/607) perceiving tropika as more severe. There was no perceived differentiation whether malaria episodes were due to a new infection or relapse; and 71.3% (433/607) acknowledged the possibility of recurrence. Participants were familiar with malaria symptoms and delaying health facility visit by 1-2 days was perceived to increase the likelihood of a positive test. Prior to health facility visits, symptoms were treated with leftover drugs kept at home (40.4%; 245/607) or bought over the counter (17.0%; 103/607). Malaria was considered to be cured with 'blue drugs' (referring to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine). Conversely, 'brown drugs,' referring to PQ, were not considered malaria medication and instead were perceived as supplements. Adherence to malaria treatment was 71.2% (131/184), in the supervised arm, 56.9% (91/160) in the unsupervised arm and 62.4% (164/263) in the control arm; p = 0.019. Adherence was 47.5% (47/99) among highland Papuans, 51.7% (76/147) among lowland Papuans, and 72.9% (263/361) among non-Papuans; p < 0.001. CONCLUSION Adherence to malaria treatment was a socio-culturally embedded process during which patients (re-)evaluated the characteristics of the medicines in relation to the course of the illness, their past experiences with illness, and the perceived benefits of the treatment. Structural barriers that hinder the process of patient adherence are crucial to consider in the development and rollout of effective malaria treatment policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Rahmalia
- Timika Malaria Research Programme, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Indonesia.
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jeanne Rini Poespoprodjo
- Timika Malaria Research Programme, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Indonesia
- Mimika District Hospital, Timika, Indonesia
- Paediatric Research Office, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chandra U R Landuwulang
- Timika Malaria Research Programme, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Indonesia
| | - Maya Ronse
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Enny Kenangalem
- Timika Malaria Research Programme, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Indonesia
- Mimika Regency Health Authority, Timika, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Faustina H Burdam
- Timika Malaria Research Programme, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Indonesia
- Mimika Regency Health Authority, Timika, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Kamala Thriemer
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Angela Devine
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Koen Peeters Grietens
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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4
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Motoki K, Yamada A, Spence C. Color‐nutrient associations: Implications for product design of dietary supplements. J SENS STUD 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Motoki
- Department of Management The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Food Science and Business Miyagi University Sendai Japan
| | - Asumi Yamada
- Department of Food Science and Business Miyagi University Sendai Japan
| | - Charles Spence
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford UK
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5
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Amawi RM, Murdoch MJ. Understanding Color Associations and Their Effects on Expectations of Drugs’ Efficacies. PHARMACY 2022; 10:pharmacy10040082. [PMID: 35893720 PMCID: PMC9326722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Colors influence our daily perceptions and expectations that manifest in a variety of ways. This research has three main objectives: to demonstrate the relationship between the colors of pills and their expected efficacies, to test this effect on a wide variety of demographics, thereby demonstrating their influence on choices made by participants. Finally, to understand the reasoning behind the choices made by participants, and the color associations exhibited. The results of a series of surveys showed clear similarities and differences across various demographics. The strongest and most consistent color associations were those of white with pain relief and red with stimulant efficacies. The color associations found were red with aggression and power, blue with calmness and serenity, white with calm and purity, yellow with energy, and green with environment and health. The findings of this study can help pharmaceutical companies, and medical practitioners, to better make, market, and prescribe pills, depending on the geographical location, ethnicity, and age group of the patient. This may also strengthen the perceived effects of the pills on patients overall by increasing their compliance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rema M. Amawi
- Sciences and Liberal Arts Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Dubai 345019, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael J. Murdoch
- Munsell Color Science Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
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6
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Zhao X, Milford C, Smit J, Zulu B, Boyd P, Malcolm RK, Beksinska M. Color, Scent and Size: Exploring Women's Preferences Around Design Characteristics of Drug-Releasing Vaginal Rings. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:2954-2968. [PMID: 35294694 PMCID: PMC8924943 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-releasing vaginal rings are available for contraception and estrogen replacement therapy, and a new antiretroviral-releasing ring was recently approved for HIV prevention. Marketed rings are white or transparent in appearance, non-scented, and supplied as one-size-fits-all devices with diameters ranging from 54 to 56 mm. In this study, drug-free silicone elastomer rings were manufactured in different sizes, colors and scents, and the opinions/preferences of 16 women (eThekwini District, South Africa; 20–34 years) assessed through focus group discussions and thematic analysis. Opinions varied on ring color and scent, with some women preferring specific colors or scent intensities, while for others these attributes were unimportant. Concerns about color and scent were linked to perceptions around vaginal health and safety related to chemical composition. There was greater agreement on preferred ring size; flexibility and width were considered important factors for insertion and comfort. Greater choice with ring products could facilitate acceptability and overall uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Cecilia Milford
- MRU (MatCH Research Unit), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jenni Smit
- MRU (MatCH Research Unit), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bongiwe Zulu
- MRU (MatCH Research Unit), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
| | - Peter Boyd
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - R. Karl Malcolm
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Mags Beksinska
- MRU (MatCH Research Unit), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
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8
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Häring A, Heudorf U, Exner M, Pitten FA, Waidmann O, Hack D, Kempf VAJ, Reinheimer C. Impact of surface disinfection with hydrogen peroxide on the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospital wards. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2020; 15:Doc13. [PMID: 32685357 PMCID: PMC7336168 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are of major concern in infection control. Although broad infection control actions to check VRE have been implemented, VRE remain part of daily infection prevention in clinical settings. Cleaning procedures in the inanimate ward environment might play a key role in controlling VRE. In order to optimize infection control management at University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany (UHF), this study evaluates the impact of H2O2-containing cleaning wipes compared to Glucoprotamin containing wipes on VRE prevalence in intensive care wards. Methods: Retrospective analyses were conducted of the VRE prevalence on environmental materials obtained from three intensive care units (ICU) at UHF for 17 months prior to (T1) and during the 25 months after (T2) the implementation of H2O2-containing cleaning wipes from January 2016 to June 2019. The bactericidal power of the two disinfectants against VRE was compared using the 4-field test according to EN 16615 (2015). Results: At T1 and T2, n=666 and n=710 environmental samples, respectively, were obtained. At T1, 24.2% (n=161/666; 95% confidence interval: 21.0–27.6) and at T2, 6.9% (n=49/710; 5.1–9.0) samples were positive for VRE. In vitro disinfectant testing did not reveal any superiority of H2O2 over glucoprotamin. No effect on the VRE prevalence in patients’ rectal screening materials was observed. Conclusion: Though Glucoprotamin and H2O2 were in vitro equally effective against VRE, the prevalence of VRE in ICU environment at UHF decreased after implementation of H2O2-containig wipes. This might be due to multiple factors, of which we consider the impact of the Hawthorne effect to be the strongest. Success of infection control strategies might depend on the compliance of the persons critically involved. Transparent information on infection control strategies is suggested to increase compliance and should therefore be considered both in daily infection control and outbreak management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Häring
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ursel Heudorf
- Public Health Department of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Exner
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Waidmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Hack
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center of Competence for Infection Control Frankfurt - Giessen - Marburg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center of Competence for Infection Control Frankfurt - Giessen - Marburg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Reinheimer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Center of Competence for Infection Control Frankfurt - Giessen - Marburg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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9
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Mueller SM, Carruthers HR, Navarini AA, Goldust M, Gysin S, Itin PH. Pruritic and antipruritic colors: An exploratory pilot study. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13447. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Mueller
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | | | | | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- University of Rome G. Marconi Rome Italy
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Stefan Gysin
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Primary and Community Care Lucerne Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy University of Lucerne Lucerne Switzerland
| | - Peter H. Itin
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
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10
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Huang H, Zhou MJ, Wang KX, Yu C, Wang YH, Ji J, Pan W, Ying J, Zhao L. Effectiveness and Safety of Umbilicus Treatment with Modified Dinggui Powder () in Patients with Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:170-176. [PMID: 32240476 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal external umbilicus treatment with Modified Dinggui Powder (, MDGP) in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP). METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 72 patients with CNP. Participants were randomly allocated to a treatment group and a placebo group using computer software in a 1:1 ratio, and received either MDGP external umbilicus treatment (MDGP group, 36 cases) or placebo control groupl (36 cases) at acupoints Shenque (CV 8), twice a week for 4 weeks. In addtion, patients all received herbal medicine treatment twice a day for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes was the US National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Scores Index (NIH-CPSI) with a questionnaire at weeks 2 and 4. The secondary outcomes including prostatic fluid examination (white blood cells and lecithin bodies), the clinical efficacy evaluation, and the adverse events were also assessed during the entire trial. RESULTS The NIH-CPSI scores regarding pain or discomfort scores showed greater improvement in the MDGP group than placebo control group at weeks 2 (P0.001) and week 4 (P0.004), respectively. NIH-CPSI scores of symptom severity, total scores, the amount of leukocytes number in the prostatic fifluid in the MDGP group were significantly improved (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the urinary symptoms, quality of life, lecithin and other scores between two groups (P>0.05). The clinical effective rate was 73.53% (25/34) in the MDGP group, which was significally higher than the placebo control group with 48.39% (25/31, P<0.05). Patients were blinded successfully, and no serious adverse effects were found during the trial. CONCLUSION A 4-week course of umbilicus treatment with modified Dinggui Powder seems to relieve pain and symptom severity effectively and increase the amount of leukocytes number in patients with CNP (Trial registration No. ChiCTR1800014687).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Ke-Xie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Hang Wang
- Shanghai Qigong Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Shanghai Qigong Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wen Pan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxbustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Ying
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Qigong Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxbustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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11
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Zheng K, Gao S, Chen M, Li A, Wu W, Qian S, Pang Q. Color tuning of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through cocrystallization: a case study of a metronidazole–pyrogallol cocrystal. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01726g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The visual color of antimicrobial drug metronidazole is tuned through cocrystallization with pyrogallol, offering a new modification approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zheng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo
- China
| | - Sijia Gao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo
- China
| | - Meishan Chen
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo
- China
| | - Ao Li
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo
- China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo
- China
| | - Shaosong Qian
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo
- China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo
- China
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12
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Tao D, Yuan J, Qu X. Presenting self-monitoring test results for consumers: the effects of graphical formats and age. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2019; 25:1036-1046. [PMID: 29762686 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of graphical formats and age on consumers' comprehension and perceptions of the use of self-monitoring test results. Methods Participants (36 older and 36 young adults) were required to perform verbatim comprehension and value interpretation tasks with hypothetical self-monitoring test results. The test results were randomly presented by four reference range number lines: basic, color enhanced, color/text enhanced, and personalized information enhanced formats. We measured participants' task performance and eye movement data during task completion, and their perceptions and preference of the graphical formats. Results The 4 graphical formats yielded comparable task performance, while text/color and personalized information enhanced formats were believed to be easier and more useful in information comprehension, and led to increased confidence in correct comprehension of test results, compared with other formats (all p's < .05). Perceived health risk increased as the formats applied more information cues (p = .008). There were age differences in task performance and visual attention (all p's < .01), while young and older adults had similar perceptions for the 4 formats. Personalized information enhanced format was preferred by both groups. Conclusions Text/color and personalized information cues appear to be useful for comprehending test results. Future work can be directed to improve the design of graphical formats especially for older adults, and to assess the formats in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Tao
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Yuan
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingda Qu
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Tao D, Yuan J, Qu X. Effects of presentation formats on consumers' performance and perceptions in the use of personal health records among older and young adults. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2019; 102:578-585. [PMID: 30318383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of presentation formats on consumers' performance and perceptions in the use of personal health records (PHRs) and to compare the effects between older and young adults. METHODS A two-factor, mixed design experiment was conducted, where 36 older and 36 young participants were presented with hypothetical PHRs. The PHRs were randomly presented by six presentation formats: three tables and three line graphs, varying by visual cues. Participants' performance and perceptions in the use of PHRs were measured. RESULTS Presentation formats affected participants' performance and perceptions. Visual cue-enhanced line graphs and tables yielded less time and fewer errors, were considered easier and more useful in information comprehension, and resulted in higher confidence in correct comprehension of PHRs (all p's < 0.01), compared with their basic counterparts. There were age-related differences in task performance (all p's < 0.05), while young and older adults had similar perceptions for the six formats. Line graph with colored background was most preferred by both groups. CONCLUSION Visual cue-enhanced presentation formats appear effective in facilitating comprehension and eliciting favorable perceptions of PHRs for both young and older adults. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Consumer-facing displays of PHRs could use visual cue-enhanced presentation formats to facilitate comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Tao
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Yuan
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingda Qu
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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