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Tabib M, Humphrey T, Forbes-McKay K. The influence of antenatal relaxation classes on perinatal psychological wellbeing and childbirth experiences: a qualitative study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38895982 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2024.2369937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that antenatal education incorporating relaxation practices can positively influence perinatal psychological wellbeing. However, a paucity of qualitative research is evident. Gaining insight into how and why such education may influence childbearing women, can inform the design of effective educational interventions. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of women and their partners on how and why a single Antenatal Relaxation Class (ARC) might influence perinatal psychological wellbeing and childbirth experiences. METHOD In this descriptive qualitative study, 17 women and 9 partners participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study was carried out in a Scottish NHS Health Board where ARC was provided to expectant parents. FINDINGS Two themes were generated, namely: 'the turning point', and 'recognition of an inner resource'. Participants perceived ARC as 'the turning point' when they became more confident, equipped, and less fearful and anxious towards childbirth. 'Understanding of the psychophysiological processes of childbirth', 'positive stories', and 'practice of relaxation techniques' were reported as the main reasons for these positive changes. Participants explained ARC had enabled them to access a deep sense of calmness as 'an inner resource' and motivated the use of relaxation techniques as a self-care behaviour throughout pregnancy and childbirth. CONCLUSION A single antenatal relaxation class has the potential to enhance perinatal psychological wellbeing and childbirth experiences. This study provides valuable insights for maternity services seeking to develop effective health-promoting antenatal education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Tabib
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedic Practice, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tracy Humphrey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Uldal T, Østmoen MS, Dahl B, Røseth I. Women's experiences with hypnobirth - A qualitative study. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2023; 37:100890. [PMID: 37541096 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypnobirth is a technique that incorporates elements from hypnosis and is used to prepare women for birth. It aims to promote a normal birth and create a positive birth experience by equipping women with knowledge and tools to reduce fear, anxiety, and pain during labor. The objective of this study was to investigate women's experiences in using this technique during childbirth. METHODS Qualitative study with nine in-depth interviews, analysed using a descriptive phenomenological method. RESULTS The women changed their perspective on birth and got to know their inherent resources. They acquired various coping strategies and techniques that enhanced their sense of control. The women gained ownership of their birth and found their active participation to be meaningful. They were informed of different options concerning their birth which made it possible to make informed decisions. The participation in hypnobirth classes, and personal experience from giving birth, made women wish for integration of mental birth preparation in the public health service, thus strengthening women's trust in ther ability to give birth, which was pivotal to the participants' birth satisfaction. CONCLUSION The participants experienced an empowered birth because of the knowledge, coping strategies and mental training they gained from hypnobirth classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiril Uldal
- Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Borre, Norway
| | - Marita Strand Østmoen
- Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Borre, Norway
| | - Bente Dahl
- Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Borre, Norway
| | - Idun Røseth
- Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Borre, Norway; Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway.
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Gueguen J, Huas C, Orri M, Falissard B. Hypnosis for labour and childbirth: A meta-integration of qualitative and quantitative studies. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 43:101380. [PMID: 33858797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypnosis in labour and childbirth is a complex intervention. Both qualitative and quantitative assessment methods have been used, but have targeted different outcomes. We followed a synergistic approach and a reconciliation strategy to further understand and evaluate this intervention. METHODS A mixed-method analysis of quantitative and qualitative evidence was conducted. The assessment of efficacy was based on a recent Cochrane review (9 trials, 2954 women randomised). Four qualitative studies and 4 case studies were included. RESULTS The outcomes addressed by the qualitative studies (mostly concerning maternal experiences) and in the quantitative studies (mostly concerning analgesic use) overlapped slightly. Discrepancies across results from the two study types suggested that response shift issues could occur. CONCLUSION Patient-centred instruments exploring response shift issues would be of great value. Hypnosis can be presented as a technique enabling patients to have a positive birth experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Gueguen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, France
| | - Caroline Huas
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, France; Fondation Santé des Étudiants de France, Paris, France.
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, France
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Tabib M, Humphrey T, Forbes-McKay K, Lau A. Expectant parents' perspectives on the influence of a single antenatal relaxation class: A qualitative study. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 43:101341. [PMID: 33662893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study explores the perspectives of expectant parents on the influence of a single antenatal class incorporating education on childbirth physiology and relaxation techniques. METHOD The data for this qualitative descriptive study were collected via in-depth interviews with six women and three birth partners. FINDINGS An enhanced understanding of childbirth physiology formed a 'different way of thinking' about childbirth, 'inspired and motivated' the exertion of the learnt relaxation techniques which led to a 'deepsense of calmness' associated with increased confidence and reduced fear. However, reaching such sense of calmness during childbirth required a 'space for relaxation' which was influenced by birth attendants. An overarching theme of 'a positive outlook' towards childbirth was identified. CONCLUSION Including education on childbirth physiology and a range of relaxation techniques may reduce fear, empower prospective parents and positively influence their experiences of pregnancy and childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Tabib
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Campus, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7AQ, UK, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Tracy Humphrey
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
| | - Katrina Forbes-McKay
- School of Applied Social Studies, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Campus, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7QG, UK, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Annie Lau
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Campus, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7AQ, UK, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Catsaros S, Wendland J. Hypnosis-based interventions during pregnancy and childbirth and their impact on women's childbirth experience: A systematic review. Midwifery 2020; 84:102666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
This article reports a service evaluation of "antenatal education on physiology of childbirth and relaxation." A service evaluation was carried out during group class discussion, immediately after the workshops, and following birth. Identified themes in the collected data were (a) my own relaxation, (b) confident, and not afraid, (c) proud of myself, (d) unexpected and feeling in control, and (e) support. Overall, women creatively customized the learned skills and reported feelings of pride and confidence. They reported feeling able to apply relaxation techniques when unexpected situations arise. Support and encouragement from partners and midwives were also valued by women. The evaluation demonstrates the efficacy of designing antenatal education that includes education on physiology of normal birth and relaxation training.
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Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J. Impact of Hypnosis Intervention in Alleviating Psychological and Physical Symptoms During Pregnancy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS 2016; 58:368-82. [PMID: 27003486 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2015.1063476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical symptoms (e.g., vomiting) and psychological symptoms (stress, anxiety, and depression) during pregnancy are common. Various strategies such as hypnosis are available to reduce these symptoms. The objective of the authors in this study is to investigate the impact of a hypnosis intervention in reducing physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy. A pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design was employed in this study. The hypnosis intervention was given to the experimental group participants at weeks 16 (baseline), 20 (time point 1), 28 (time point 2), and 36 (time point 3) of their pregnancy. Participants in the control group received only the traditional antenatal care. Participants from both groups completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and a Pregnancy Symptoms Checklist at weeks 16, 20, 28 and 36 of pregnancy. Results indicated that stress and anxiety symptoms were significantly reduced for the experimental group, but not for the control group. Although mean differences for the depressive symptoms were not significant, the experimental group had lower symptoms at time point 3. The physical symptoms' results showed significant group differences at time point 3, indicating a reduction in the experience of physical symptoms for the experimental group participants. Our study showed that hypnosis intervention during pregnancy aided in reducing physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy.
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Ebesutani CK, Helmi K, Fierstein M, Taghizadeh ME, Chorpita BF. A Pilot Study of Modular Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Hypnotherapy for Treating Anxiety in Iranian Girls. Int J Cogn Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1521/ijct_2016_09_01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Finlayson K, Downe S, Hinder S, Carr H, Spiby H, Whorwell P. Unexpected consequences: women's experiences of a self-hypnosis intervention to help with pain relief during labour. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:229. [PMID: 26407981 PMCID: PMC4583759 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-hypnosis is becoming increasingly popular as a means of labour pain management. Previous studies have produced mixed results. There are very few data on women’s views and experiences of using hypnosis in this context. As part of a randomized controlled trial of self-hypnosis for intra-partum pain relief (the SHIP Trial) we conducted qualitative interviews with women randomized to the intervention arm to explore their views and experiences of using self-hypnosis during labour and birth. Methods Participants were randomly selected from the intervention arm of the study, which consisted of two antenatal self-hypnosis training sessions and a supporting CD that women were encouraged to listen to daily from 32 weeks gestation until the birth of their baby. Those who consented were interviewed in their own homes 8–12 weeks after birth. Following transcription, the interviews were analysed iteratively and emerging concepts were discussed amongst the authors to generate organizing themes. These were then used to develop a principal organizing metaphor or global theme, in a process known as thematic networks analysis. Results Of the 343 women in the intervention group, 48 were invited to interview, and 16 were interviewed over a 12 month period from February 2012 to January 2013. Coding of the data and subsequent analysis revealed a global theme of ‘unexpected consequences’, supported by 5 organising themes, ‘calmness in a climate of fear’, ‘from sceptic to believer’, ‘finding my space’, ‘delays and disappointments’ and ‘personal preferences’. Most respondents reported positive experiences of self-hypnosis and highlighted feelings of calmness, confidence and empowerment. They found the intervention to be beneficial and used a range of novel strategies to personalize their self-hypnosis practice. Occasionally women reported feeling frustrated or disappointed when their relaxed state was misinterpreted by midwives on admission or when their labour and birth experiences did not match their expectations. Conclusion The women in this study generally appreciated antenatal self-hypnosis training and found it to be beneficial during labour and birth. The state of focused relaxation experienced by women using the technique needs to be recognized by providers if the intervention is to be implemented into the maternity service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Finlayson
- Research in Childbirth and Health Unit (REACH), School of Health, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
| | - Soo Downe
- Research in Childbirth and Health Unit (REACH), School of Health, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
| | - Susan Hinder
- RaFT Research, Lower Hall, Main Street, Downham, Clitheroe, Lancashire, UK.
| | - Helen Carr
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Minerva Road, Farnworth, Bolton, Lancashire, UK.
| | - Helen Spiby
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Peter Whorwell
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Jamshidi Manesh M, Kalati M, Hosseini F. Snoezelen Room and Childbirth Outcome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e18373. [PMID: 26082849 PMCID: PMC4464378 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.17(5)2015.18373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: One of the strategies for a good outcome and pain free childbearing is to design the delivery room. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of snoezelen room on childbearing outcome such as pain intensity, duration of labor, and perinea status in nulliparous women. Patients and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial consists of 100 childbearing women. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group went to snoezelen room when their cervix dilation was 4 cm, while the control group went to physiologic delivery room with the same cervix dilation. Results: The mean ± SD of VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) pain intensity of the experimental and control groups before the intervention were 5.1 ± 1.95 and 5.58 ± 1.62, respectively (P = 0.13). The mean ± SD of VAS pain intensity scores of the experimental and control groups after 3 hours spending in their assigned rooms were 5.26 ± 0.86 and 9.56 ± 1.48, respectively (P = 0.01). The mean ± SD of the first stage scores of the experimental and control groups were 6.95 ± 0.97 and 8.41 ± 0.67, respectively (P = 0.042). About 92% of participants’ intervention vs. 66% of control participants had perinea laceration (P = 0.041). Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study, distracting senses in snoezelen room decreases mother’s pain intensity, the length of labor, and incidence of episiotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahnaz Kalati
- Labor and Childbirth Ward, Akbar Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mahnaz Kalati, Labor and Childbirth Ward, Akbar Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. E-mail:
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Management and Medical Information, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Lanfranco RC, Canales-Johnson A, Huepe D. Hypnoanalgesia and the study of pain experience: from Cajal to modern neuroscience. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1126. [PMID: 25324822 PMCID: PMC4179709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) did not only contribute to neurobiology and neurohistology. At the end of the 19th century, he published one of the first clinical reports on the employment of hypnotic suggestion to induce analgesia (hypnoanalgesia) in order to relieve pain in childbirth. Today, the clinical application of hypnoanalgesia is considered an effective technique for the treatment of pain in medicine, dentistry, and psychology. However, the knowledge we have today on the neural and cognitive underpinnings of hypnotic suggestion has increased dramatically since Cajal’s times. Here we review the main contributions of Cajal to hypnoanalgesia and the current knowledge we have about hypnoanalgesia from neural and cognitive perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo C Lanfranco
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Laboratory of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Universidad Diego Portales Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Canales-Johnson
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Universidad Diego Portales Santiago, Chile ; Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit Cambridge, UK
| | - David Huepe
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Universidad Diego Portales Santiago, Chile
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Abbasi M, van den Akker O, Bewley C. Persian couples' experiences of depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in the pre- and perinatal period. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 35:16-21. [PMID: 24393024 DOI: 10.3109/0167482x.2013.865722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of changes in depressive symptoms on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in couples. This was examined before, during and after the pregnancy. In addition, (HRQoL) was examined in relation to the mode of delivery. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study of 416 couples was conducted in two teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The translated Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to measure health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms respectively, and are reported here. RESULTS The results showed that women and their spouses experienced a noticeable decline in their physical HRQoL during and after the pregnancy. However, their mental health functioning showed a significant improvement following conception. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was high but decreased over the course of the pregnancy. Finally, HRQoL was affected by mode of delivery. CONCLUSIONS The results show that women and their husbands experienced marked changes in perceived health-related functioning and depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy. In addition, the study found that those women who had undergone Cesarean section had higher mental well-being scores. Future research should determine the benefits of extending pre-conception and pre-natal guidelines on the benefits of regular physical activity throughout and after pregnancy in Persian couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Abbasi
- Ultrasound Department, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust , Hammersmith , London
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Abstract
This randomized control trial studied the effect of hypnosis on dysmenorrhea. Fifty eligible nursing students were randomly divided into 2 groups according to baseline pain scores. One group was given hypnosis and the other given medications for pain relief for 3 menstrual cycles, followed by 3 cycles without any treatment. They were evaluated for functional restriction of activity on a 3-point scale. There was significant improvement in quality of life after the third cycle in both groups compared to baseline. The effect of hypnosis and medications on quality of life was similar in both groups at the third and sixth cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitri Shah
- a Medical College, Baroda, Sir Sayaji General Hospital , Gujarat , India
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Enea V, Dafinoiu I, Opriş D, David D. Effects of hypnotic analgesia and virtual reality on the reduction of experimental pain among high and low hypnotizables. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2014; 62:360-77. [PMID: 24837064 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2014.901087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This research compared a no-treatment control condition and 3 experimentally induced pain treatment conditions: (a) virtual reality distraction (VRD), (b) hypnotic analgesia (HA), and (c) HA + VRD in relieving finger-pressure pain. After receiving baseline pain stimulus, each participant received hypnosis or no hypnosis, followed by VRD or no VRD during another pain stimulus. The data analysis indicated that, overall, all 3 treatments were more effective compared to the control group, irrespective of whether it involved hypnotic analgesia, virtual reality distraction, or both (hypnosis and virtual reality). Nevertheless, the participants responded differently to the pain treatment, depending on the hypnotizability level. High hypnotizables reported hypnotic analgesia, but low hypnotizables did not show hypnotic analgesia. VR distraction reduced pain regardless of hypnotizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Enea
- a "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi , Romania
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Hajiamini Z, Masoud SN, Ebadi A, Mahboubh A, Matin AA. Comparing the effects of ice massage and acupressure on labor pain reduction. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2012; 18:169-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The authors describe 3 studies in which hypnosis itself is not studied but instead used to create anomalous states in the laboratory that can be studied under controlled conditions. The 1st article is a comprehensive review of programmatic research using hypnosis to elicit and study clinically relevant delusions. The 2nd article reviews studies comparing the brain activity of hysterical/dissociative patients with nonpatients hypnotized and given suggestions for sensory-motor and cognitive anomalies typical of the clinical syndromes. The authors conclude that the hypnosis analogues are relevant and revealing. The 3rd article describes a single experiment using hypnosis to elicit distressing and intrusive memories, typical of acute anxiety disorders. Findings with hypnotic subjects are in keeping with those from patients suffering intrusive memories. Across all 3 papers, hypnosis is shown to be a viable and helpful tool for experimental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Nash
- Psychology Department, Universityof Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA.
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Nash MR, Tasso A. The effectiveness of hypnosis in reducing pain and suffering among women with metastatic breast cancer and among women with temporomandibular disorder. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2010; 58:497-504. [PMID: 20799126 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2010.499353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe two studies of special interest to clinicians and clinical researchers. Both are randomized controlled studies, exclusively focused on female patients. The first study tests whether a year-long weekly group intervention including hypnosis can reduce cancer pain among women with metastatic breast cancer. Findings suggest the intervention slowed the increase in reported pain over a 12-month period relative to controls. The second study examines the effect of hypnosis in women suffering from temporomandibular disorder (TMD), with a special focus on function as well as pain. Hypnosis reduced TMD pain as measured by a numerical-rating scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Nash
- Psychology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA.
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