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Ziqing Z, Yunpeng L, Yiqi L, Yang W. Friends or foes: The mononuclear phagocyte system in ischemic stroke. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13151. [PMID: 36755470 PMCID: PMC10041168 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of disability and death in adults, and the immune response plays an indispensable role in its pathological process. After the onset of IS, an inflammatory storm, with the infiltration and mobilization of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), is triggered in the brain. Microglia are rapidly activated in situ, followed by waves of circulating monocytes into the ischemic area. Activated microglia and monocytes/macrophages are mainly distributed in the peri-infarct area. These cells have similar morphology and functions, such as secreting cytokines and phagocytosis. Previously, the presence of the MPS was considered a marker of an exacerbated inflammatory response that contributes to brain damage. However, recent studies have suggested a rather complicated role of the MPS in IS. Here, we reviewed articles focusing on various functions of the MPS among different phases of IS, including recruitment, polarization, phagocytosis, angiogenesis, and interaction with other types of cells. Moreover, due to the characteristics of the MPS, we also noted clinical research addressing alterations in the MPS as potential biomarkers for IS patients for the purposes of predicting prognosis and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ziqing
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liu Yunpeng
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liu Yiqi
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wang Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Wang Z, Chen C, Su Y, Ke N. Function and characteristics of TIM‑4 in immune regulation and disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 51:10. [PMID: 36524355 PMCID: PMC9848438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T‑cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (TIM‑4) is a phosphatidylserine receptor that is mainly expressed on antigen‑presenting cells and is involved in the recognition and efferocytosis of apoptotic cells. TIM‑4 has been found to be expressed in immune cells such as natural killer T, B and mast cells and to participate in multiple aspects of immune regulation, suggesting that TIM‑4 may be involved in a variety of immune‑related diseases. Recent studies have confirmed that TIM‑4 is also abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumor cells and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors and the tumor immune microenvironment. The present study aimed to describe the expression and functional characteristics of TIM‑4 in detail and to comprehensively discuss its role in pathophysiological processes such as infection, allergy, metabolism, autoimmunity and tumor immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive understanding of the functions and characteristics of TIM‑4, as well as novel ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610095, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhen Su
- Kunming University School of Medicine, Kunming University School, Kunming, Yunnan 650124, P.R. China
| | - Nengwen Ke
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Nengwen Ke, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Cho YE, Lee H, Bae HR, Kim H, Yun S, Vorn R, Cashion A, Rucker MJ, Afzal M, Latour L, Gill J. Circulating immune cell landscape in patients who had mild ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2022; 7:319-327. [PMID: 35264400 PMCID: PMC9453838 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2021-001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients who had a mild ischaemic stroke who present with subtle or resolving symptoms sometimes go undiagnosed, are excluded from treatment and in some cases clinically worsen. Circulating immune cells are potential biomarkers that can assist with diagnosis in ischaemic stroke. Understanding the transcriptomic changes of each cell population caused by ischaemic stroke is critical because they work closely in a complicated relationship. In this study, we investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) transcriptomics of patients who had a stroke using a single-cell RNA sequencing to understand peripheral immune response after mild stroke based on the gene expression in an unbiased way. METHODS Transcriptomes of PBMCsfrom 10 patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke within 24 hours after stroke onset were compared with 9 race-matched/age-matched/gender-matched controls. Individual PBMCs were prepared with ddSeqTM (Illumina-BioRad) and sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. RESULTS Notable population changes were observed in patients who had a stroke, especially in NK cells and CD14+ monocytes. The number of NK cells was increased, which was further confirmed by flow cytometry. Functional analysis implied that the activity of NK cells also is enhanced in patients who had a stroke. CD14+ monocytes were clustered into two groups; dendritic cell-related CD14+ monocytes and NK cell-related CD14+ monocytes. We found CD14+ monocyte subclusters were dramatically reduced in patients who had a stroke. DISCUSSION This is the first study demonstrating the increased number of NK cells and new monocyte subclusters of mild ischaemic stroke based on the transcriptomic analysis. Our findings provide the dynamics of circulating immune response that could assist diagnosis and potential therapeutic development of mild ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA .,National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heekyong R Bae
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sijung Yun
- Predictiv Care, Inc, Sunnyvale, California, USA
| | - Rany Vorn
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann Cashion
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mariam Afzal
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence Latour
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tim-4 expressing monocytes as a novel indicator to assess disease activity and severity of ulcerative colitis. Life Sci 2021; 269:119077. [PMID: 33465392 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The dysregulation of the immune response has been shown to be involved in ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis. Tim-4 is a potential regulator of the immune system which plays key roles in multiple autoimmune diseases. However, whether it is involved in UC remains unclear. The aim of this research was to determine the expression of Tim-4 on circulating monocytes and its clinical significance in UC patients. MAIN METHODS In total, 36 UC patients and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The frequencies of CD14+Tim-4+ cells, regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD14+HLA-DR-/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Serum IL-6 levels were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. KEY FINDINGS The percentage of CD14+Tim-4+ cells was higher in UC patients than in HCs. The frequency of Treg cells was significantly decreased, while that of MDSCs was significantly increased in UC patients. The frequency of CD14+Tim-4+ cells was significantly elevated in subjects with high severity, high number of defecations per day, high UC disease activity index Mayo score, high IgG, and high levels of inflammatory markers. And the percentages of Tim-4-expressing monocytes were significantly decreased in UC patients that received a 3-week treatment with mesalazine. Furthermore, the frequency of CD14+Tim-4+ cells was also positively correlated with MDSCs and negatively correlated with Treg cells. SIGNIFICANCE CD14+Tim-4+ cells was elevated in UC patients and could be a novel indicator to assess disease severity and activity of UC.
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Park J, Chang JY, Kim JY, Lee JE. Monocyte Transmodulation: The Next Novel Therapeutic Approach in Overcoming Ischemic Stroke? Front Neurol 2020; 11:578003. [PMID: 33193029 PMCID: PMC7642685 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.578003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response following neuroinflammation is a vital element of ischemic stroke pathophysiology. After the onset of ischemic stroke, a specialized vasculature system that effectively protects central nervous system tissues from the invasion of blood cells and other macromolecules is broken down within minutes, thereby triggering the inflammation cascade, including the infiltration of peripheral blood leukocytes. In this series of processes, blood-derived monocytes have a significant effect on the outcome of ischemic stroke through neuroinflammatory responses. As neuroinflammation is a necessary and pivotal component of the reparative process after ischemic stroke, understanding the role of infiltrating monocytes in the modulation of inflammatory responses may offer a great opportunity to explore new therapies for ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss and highlight the function and involvement of monocytes in the brain after ischemic injury, as well as their impact on tissue damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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