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Burger J. Trust and consequences: Role of community science, perceptions, values, and environmental justice in risk communication. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 42:2362-2375. [PMID: 36116002 PMCID: PMC9912930 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Risk communication is often viewed as imparting information and perhaps as a two-way dialogue. Risk communication inadequacies on the part of both "communicator" and "community members" can lead to adverse consequences and amplify environmental justice disparities. The paper suggests a transformational approach where risk communicators must learn to trust community experts and their knowledge base (and act upon it), where risk information imparted by risk communicators addresses what communities are most concerned about (as well as risk from specific chemicals or radionuclides), and where risk information and assessments address underlying issues and disparities, as well as cultural traditions (among others). Providing risk probabilities is no longer sufficient; western science may not be enough, and community and native scientific knowledge is needed. Risk communication (or information transfer) for environmental risks that are ongoing usually applies to low-income, minority communities-people living in dense inner cities, rural communities, Native American communities-or to people living near a risky facility. Communication within this context requires mutual trust, listening and respect, as well as acceptance of indigenous and community knowledge as equally valuable. Examples are given to illustrate a community perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Burger
- Cell Biology and Neurosciences, NIEHS Center of Excellence, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Ecology and Evolution Graduate Program, and Pinelands Research StationRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP)Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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Liu L, Wan Z, Lin Y, Wang X. The Influence of Self-Serving Leadership on Deviant Behaviors in the Workplace: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:825154. [PMID: 35478765 PMCID: PMC9037284 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-serving leadership is a typical example of destructive leadership that has negative effects on its subordinates and organization. According to social identity theory, we propose a theoretical model that self-serving leadership induces employee interpersonal deviance and organizational deviance through organization identification, and we explore the moderating role of moral identity in this relationship. Based on survey data collected from 377 questionnaires by using a three-wave time lagged design, structural equation modeling results showed that (1) there was a significant positive correlation between self-serving leadership and employees’ deviant behavior, (2) organizational identification partially mediates the relationship between self-serving leadership and employees’ deviant behavior, and (3) employees’ moral identity negatively moderates the relationship between self-serving leadership and employees’ organizational identification. The findings further extend the research on the influence of self-serving leadership on employee workplace deviance. They also reveal the mechanisms and boundary conditions of the effect of self-serving leadership on employee workplace deviance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcan Liu
- School of Business Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhitao Wan
- School of Business Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanping Lin
- School of Business Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Personnel Division, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Thomas EF, McGarty C, Spears R, Livingstone AG, Platow MJ, Lala G, Mavor K. ‘That's not funny!’ Standing up against disparaging humor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McNulty Y, Lauring J, Jonasson C, Selmer J. Highway to Hell? Managing expatriates in crisis. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-10-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework of severe expatriate crises focusing on the occurrence of “fit-dependent” crisis events, which is when the crisis is “man made” and triggered by expatriates’ maladjustment or acculturation stress in the host country. The authors focus on the causes, prevention and management of fit-dependent expatriate crises.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop a conceptual framework of fit-dependent expatriate crises that involves different levels of analysis.FindingsThe conceptual framework shows that crises can be triggered at micro, meso and macro levels ranging from the personal and family domains (micro), to the network and organisational domains (meso) as well as the host country domain (macro). The authors conceptualise these “domains of causes” as triggering maladjustment and acculturation stress that ultimately leads to a severe crisis event with correspondingly serious and potentially life-changing consequences. Furthermore, using a process perspective, the authors outline strategies for preventing and managing crises before, during and after the crisis occurs, discussing the support roles of various internal (organisational) and external (specialist) stakeholders.Originality/valueStudying the link between expatriation and crises is a highly relevant research endeavour because severe crisis events will impact on HRM policies, processes and procedures for dealing with employees living abroad, and will create additional challenges for HRM beyond what could normally be expected. Using attribution theory to explain why organisational support and intervention to assist expatriates during a crisis is not always forthcoming, and theories of social networks to elucidate the “first responder” roles of various support actors, the authors contribute to the expatriate literature by opening up the field to a better understanding of the dark side of expatriation that includes crisis definition, prevention, management and solutions.
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Zhang J, Liu J. Is abusive supervision an absolute devil? Literature review and research agenda. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10490-017-9551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Iqbal Y, Bilali R. The impact of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for harm on victim groups' perceptions of justice, power, and intergroup attitudes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshim Iqbal
- New York University; Department of Applied Psychology; New York New York USA
| | - Rezarta Bilali
- New York University; Department of Applied Psychology; New York New York USA
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Li M, Leidner B, Petrović N, Orazani SN, Rad MS. The role of retributive justice and the use of international criminal tribunals in post‐conflict reconciliation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts USA
| | - Bernhard Leidner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Seyed Nima Orazani
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts USA
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Hafer CL, Olson JM. An Analysis of Empirical Research on the Scope of Justice. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 7:311-23. [PMID: 14650388 DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0704_04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The scope of justice has been defined as the boundary within which justice is perceived to be relevant. The empirical literature on this topic is primarily aimed at predicting when a target will be excluded from the scope of justice and at examining potential consequences of exclusion, from accepting a target's suffering to active harm-doing such as mass internment and genocide. The concept of the scope of justice is interesting and heuristically useful, but there are several problems with the empirical literature that impede its progress. For example, the proposed mediator often has not been measured, or operationalizations of the scope of justice have been confounded with other constructs. Also, although the scope of justice remains one possible explanation for results obtained in various experiments, there are equally compelling alternatives that do not implicate exclusion from the scope of justice. We offer suggestions about how to study scope of justice issues in the future and identify points that need to be clarified regarding the conceptualization of the scope of justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Hafer
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ONT, Canada.
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Li M, Rovenpor DR, Leidner B. Regulating the Scope of an Emotion Regulation Perspective on Intergroup Reconciliation. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2016.1163960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
This review article examines the literature regarding the role played by principles of justice in negotiation. Laboratory experiments and high-stakes negotiations reveal that justice is a complex concept, both in relation to attaining just outcomes and to establishing just processes. We focus on how justice preferences guide the process and outcome of negotiated exchanges. Focusing primarily on the two types of principles that have received the most attention, distributive justice (outcomes of negotiation) and procedural justice (process of negotiation), we introduce the topic by reviewing the most relevant experimental and field or archival research on the roles played by these justice principles in negotiation. A discussion of the methods used in these studies precedes a review organized in terms of a framework that highlights the concept of negotiating stages. We also develop hypotheses based on the existing literature to point the way forward for further research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Druckman
- School of Policy, Government and International Affairs, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030; .,Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lynn M Wagner
- International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0T4, Canada;
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Computers work for women: Gender differences in e-supported divorce mediation. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Leidner B, Castano E, Ginges J. Dehumanization, Retributive and Restorative Justice, and Aggressive Versus Diplomatic Intergroup Conflict Resolution Strategies. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2013; 39:181-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167212472208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The desire for justice can escalate or facilitate resolution of intergroup conflicts. Two studies investigated retributive and restorative notions of justice as the mediating factor of the effect of perceived outgroup sentience—an aspect of (mechanistic) dehumanization referring to the emotional depth attributed to others—on intergroup conflict resolution. Study 1 showed that for Palestinians, who see themselves as victims, perceived sentience of Israelis decreased retributive but increased restorative notions of justice, which, ultimately, increased support for conflict resolution by negotiation rather than political violence. Study 2 partially replicated Study 1’s findings with Jewish Israelis. The role of perceived sentience and its relationship to retributive and restorative notions of justice in protracted and nonprotracted conflicts and their resolution is discussed.
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Baumert A, Otto K, Thomas N, Bobocel DR, Schmitt M. Processing of Unjust and Just Information: Interpretation and Memory Performance Related to Dispositional Victim Sensitivity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With two studies, we tested whether dispositional victim sensitivity involves one of two kinds of biased processing style: either a processing style in which unjust—but not just—information is processed more readily and accurately than neutral information or a processing style in which unjust and just information is processed preferentially over neutral information. In Study 1, victim sensitivity increased the speed with which participants resolved ambiguous sentence fragments in cases in which the resolution yielded an unjust connotation, as well as in cases in which the resolution yielded a just connotation, but not when the resolution was neutral with respect to justice. In Study 2, persons high in victim sensitivity displayed enhanced memory performance for both unjust and just information relative to neutral information over a 1–week retention interval. The results are consistent with the assumption that victim sensitivity is characterized by the activation potential and elaboration of both injustice and justice concepts. Our findings are important for the understanding of how the fear of being exploited among victim–sensitive persons shapes antisocial behaviour. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baumert
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Kathleen Otto
- Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadine Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
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Wenzel M, Mummendey A, Waldzus S. Superordinate identities and intergroup conflict: The ingroup projection model. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10463280701728302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wijn R, van den Bos K. On the social-communicative function of justice: the influence of communication goals and personal involvement on the use of justice assertions. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2009; 36:161-72. [PMID: 19801528 DOI: 10.1177/0146167209347382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article reveals how people strategically use justice assertions when attempting to persuade others. In three studies participants communicated about a negative situation they or someone else had experienced and did so in a persuasive manner (Studies 1-3), an accurate manner (Study 1), by asking for an opinion (Study 2), or without a communication goal (Studies 1 and 3). Communicators who had a persuasion goal used more justice-related words than communicators who had a goal to be accurate, asked for an opinion, or had no goal. This was particularly the case when communications were about someone else rather than the participants themselves and for those high in self-monitoring whose identities were known (vs. anonymous). The article concludes that people use justice-related words in attempts to persuade others, but only when they know there is no doubt about their personal involvement. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Wijn
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Ham J, van den Bos K, van Doorn EA. Lady Justice Thinks Unconsciously: Unconscious Thought Can Lead to More Accurate Justice Judgments. SOCIAL COGNITION 2009. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2009.27.4.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Earle TC, Siegrist M. On the relation between trust and fairness in environmental risk management. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2008; 28:1395-1414. [PMID: 18631299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we empirically examine the relations between trust, fairness, and cooperation within two environmental risk management contexts, one in which the focal issue is of high personal moral importance and the other in which the focal issue is of low moral importance. Using an experimental design embedded in two parallel survey questionnaires, one mailed to residents of Washington State, the other to German-speaking residents of Switzerland, we either manipulated or constructed three factors, issue importance (high/low), procedural fairness (fair/unfair), and policy outcome (risk averse/risk accepting). This design enabled us to compare the predictions of the standard account of procedural fairness, that trust and cooperation are determined by judgments of fairness, with the predictions of an alternative account, that trust and cooperation will be determined by judgments of procedural fairness only when the issue involved is not morally important. Results for the American case showed that under conditions of high issue importance, policy outcome affected judged fairness, trust, and cooperation. Under conditions of low issue importance, policy outcome had no effect on judged fairness or trust but did have a moderate impact on cooperation. Analyses also showed that when issue importance was high, procedural fairness had no effects. When issue importance was low, procedural fairness had moderate effects on judged fairness and trust. Results for the Swiss case replicated the main findings for the American case. Together, these results support the alternative model of the relation between trust and fairness, suggesting that the efficacy of fair procedures is strictly limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Earle
- Psychology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA.
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Fischer R, Harb C, Al-Sarraf S, Nashabe O. Support for Resistance Among Iraqi Students: An Exploratory Study. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01973530802209202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omar Nashabe
- c American University of Science and Technology , Lebanon
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Abstract
Abstract. The present paper offers a review of the relationship between existential individual threats and peace-hampering as well as peace-facilitating factors. An overwhelming bulk of literature on terror management theory (TMT) demonstrates negative effects of mortality salience such as derogation of outgroup members, prejudice, stereotyping, aggression, and racism. These negative reactions may be detrimental in peace-processes and critical in explaining intergroup conflicts, severe hostilities, and war. Complementary empirical insights derived from TMT, however, demonstrate positive effects of mortality salience (MS) that lead to prosocial reactions. The findings that are reviewed throughout this paper aim at reconciling the seemingly contradictory findings of antisocial and prosocial reactions to reminders of death. In concluding, a variety of conceivable interventions are discussed that may override genuinely detrimental consequences of MS and help to foster peace processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Jonas
- Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, Austria
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Earle TC. Thinking aloud about trust: a protocol analysis of trust in risk management. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2004; 24:169-183. [PMID: 15028009 DOI: 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There are two general theories of trust in risk management. One, derived from normative considerations, claims that trust is based on universally applicable factors such as fairness and objectivity. According to the second, social-psychological theory, trust is based on agreement or similarity and is context specific. Although the first theory is normative, it also claims, along with the second, to be a descriptive account of how trust judgments are made. The present study was designed to test the adequacy of these two theories by using a think-aloud procedure to examine the thinking associated with trust judgments in an experimental simulation of a typical risk management context. Contrary to the universalist theory, results supported two hypotheses derived from the social-psychological theory. First, study participants--who read brief policy statements designed to address global climate change--based their trust judgments on specific forms of agreement, ranging from agreement on the importance of the issue to agreement on values inferred from the policy statement. Second, the extent and depth of participants' conscious information processing was negatively related to the level of trust. Disagreement and distrust generated more conscious consideration than agreement and trust. These results provide a more detailed understanding than previously available of how trust in risk management is based on local forms of agreement that vary across people, contexts, and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Earle
- Psychology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.
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Mikula G. Testing an attribution-of-blame model of judgments of injustice. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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What Is Social about Justice? Inclusive Identity and Group Values as the Basis of the Justice Motive. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jesp.2001.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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van den Bos K, Lind EA. Uncertainty management by means of fairness judgments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2601(02)80003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Garling T, Kristensen H, Backenroth-Ohsako G, Ekehammer B, Wessells MG. Diplomacy and Psychology: Psychological Contributions to International Negotiations, Conflict Prevention, and World Peace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/002075900399367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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