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Kim JW, Yoo SH, Kong YB, Cho SO, Lee EJ. Hydrophilicity Improvement of Polymer Surfaces Induced by Simultaneous Nuclear Transmutation and Oxidation Effects Using High-Energy and Low-Fluence Helium Ion Beam Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122770. [PMID: 33255322 PMCID: PMC7761050 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two commodity polymers, polystyrene (PS) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), were irradiated by high-energy He ion beams at low fluence to examine the wettability changes at different fluences. The water contact angles of the PS and HDPE surfaces were reduced from 78.3° to 46.7° and 81.5° to 58.5°, respectively, upon increasing the fluence from 0 to 1 × 1013 He2+/cm2 for irradiation durations ≤4 min. Surface analyses were performed to investigate these wettability changes. Surface texture evaluations via scanning electron and atomic force microscopies indicated non-remarkable changes by irradiation. However, the chemical structures of the irradiated polymer surfaces were notable. The high-energy He ions induced nuclear transmutation of C to N, leading to C–N bond formation in the polymer chains. Further, C–O and C=O bonds were formed during irradiation in air because of polymer oxidation. Finally, amide and ester groups were generated by irradiation. These polar groups improved hydrophilicity by increasing surface energies. Experiments with other polymers can further elucidate the correlation between polymer structure and surface wettability changes due to high-energy low-fluence He ion irradiation. This method can realize simple and effective utilization of commercial cyclotrons to tailor polymer surfaces without compromising surface texture and mechanical integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (J.W.K.); (Y.B.K.)
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Seung Hwa Yoo
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.Y.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Young Bae Kong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (J.W.K.); (Y.B.K.)
| | - Sung Oh Cho
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Eun Je Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (J.W.K.); (Y.B.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.Y.); (E.J.L.)
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Shevchenko NN, Pankova GA, Shabsel’s BM, Laishevkina SG, Baigil’din VA. Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate As a Method of Obtaining Cationic Particles for Diagnostics of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus. COLLOID JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x20020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Generalova AN, Zubov VP. Dispersions of polyacrolein-based multifunctional microspheres for the creation of bioanalytical and visualizing reagents. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090416040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Basinska T, Slomkowski S, Delamar M. Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene Core/Polyacrolein Shell Latexes. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159300800301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The poly(styrene/acrolein) latexes were synthesized in an emul sifier-free emulsion-precipitation polymerization. Monodisperse particles from 0.30 μm to 0.52 μm, depending on the acrolein monomer feed, were obtained. More acrolein in the monomer feed yielded latex particles with smaller di ameters. Analyses indicate that the particles have a core-shell morphology. The core is rich in the hydrophobic (polystyrene) component whereas the shell is composed mainly of hydrophilic polyacrolein. Significant changes in polyacro lein in the latexes (from 0.03 to 0.28) has less influence on the composition of the shell (from 0.5 to 0.84, respectively). The surface of the latex particles is smooth and can be penetrated by 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine to the depth from 1.5 to 3.5 Å. These poly(styrene/acrolein) latexes are capable of binding ca. 3 mg of human globulins or ca. 1 mg of human serum albumin on 1 m2 of the latex surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Basinska
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Slomkowski
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michel Delamar
- Institut de Topologie et de Dynamique des Systemes Universite Paris V-CNRS 1 rue Guy de la Brosse 75005 Paris, France
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Oukacine F, Morel A, Cottet H. Characterization of carboxylated nanolatexes by capillary electrophoresis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4040-4047. [PMID: 21344892 DOI: 10.1021/la1048562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) (St/AA) and poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) (St/MA) nanolatexes with different acid contents were prepared by emulsion copolymerization and were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and by laser doppler velocimetry (LDV). Due to the intrinsic differences in the methodologies, CE (separative technique) and LDV (zetametry, nonseparative technique) lead to very different electrophoretic mobility distributions. Beyond these differences, the variation of the electrophoretic mobility is a complex and nonlinear function of the hydrodynamic radius, the ionic strength, and the zeta potential. To gain better insight on the influence of the ionic strength and the acid content on the electrophoretic behavior of the nanolatexes, the electrophoretic mobility data were changed into surface charge densities using the O'Brien, White, and Ohshima modeling. This approach leads to the conclusion that the surface charge density is mainly controlled at high ionic strength (∼50 mM) by the adsorption of anionic surfactants coming from the sample. On the contrary, at low ionic strength, and/or in the presence of neutral surfactant in the electrolyte, the acid content was the main parameter controlling the surface charge density of the nanolatexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Oukacine
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier 1), Place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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7
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Gu W, Chen G, Stenzel MH. Synthesis of glyco-microspheres via a thiol-ene coupling reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Prokopov NI, Gritskova IA, Cherkasov VR, Chalykh AE. Synthesis of monodisperse functional polymeric microspheres for immunoassay. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1996v065n02abeh000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Kabanov VY. Preparation of polymeric biomaterials with the aid of radiation-chemical methods. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1998v067n09abeh000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lee SG, Kim JP, Kwon IC, Shin DS, Han SS, Lyoo WS. Preparation of poly(vinyl acetate) microspheres with narrow particle size distributions by low temperature suspension polymerization of vinyl acetate. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Ionizing radiation and gas plasma (or glow) discharge treatments for preparation of novel polymeric biomaterials. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-12796-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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12
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Wang PC, Lee CF, Young TH, Lin DT, Chiu WY. Preparation and clinical application of immunomagnetic latex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bhawal S, Reddy LH, Murthy RSR, Devi S. Effect of a polymerizable cosurfactant on the microstructure and drug-release properties of nanoparticles synthesized through emulsion polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Fitch RM. A Personal History of Chemically Functional Polymer Colloids: Formation, Characterization, and Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/pre-120026381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Li Y, Kuwabara H, Gong YK, Takaki Y, Nakashima K. Resonance energy transfer from dibucaine to acriflavine in polystyrene latex dispersions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2003; 70:171-6. [PMID: 12962641 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(03)00090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Resonance energy transfer from dibucaine (DC) to acriflavine (AF) has been investigated both in homogeneous aqueous solutions and in polystyrene latex dispersions. The energy transfer reaction is observed by monitoring fluorescence quenching of DC as well as sensitized emission of AF. It is found that the energy transfer from DC to AF is remarkably enhanced on going from the aqueous homogeneous solution to the latex dispersion. This is mainly attributed to the fact that both the donor and acceptor are effectively adsorbed onto the latex particles, as evidenced by the measurement of adsorption isotherms. From the adsorption experiments, it is also elucidated that electrostatic interaction is significant at low DC concentration, while hydrophobic interaction dominates at the higher concentration especially at higher pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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16
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Slomkowski S, Basinska T, Miksa B. New types of microspheres and microsphere-related materials for medical diagnostics. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Gong YK, Nakashima K. Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Pyrenes to Alkyl Viologens on the Surface of Polystyrene Latex Particles: Effects of Polarities of the Donors and Charge Densities of the Particles. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0119532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kuan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakashima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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18
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Synthesis and properties of polymer latex with carboxylic acid functional groups for immunological studies. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Ni H, Ma G, Nagai M, Omi S. Novel method to prepare charged mosaic membrane by using dipole-like microspheres. I. Preparation and characterization of poly(4-vinylpyridine/n-butyl acrylate) seed latex with high solid content by soap-free emulsion polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000620)76:12<1731::aid-app2>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Furusawa K, Velev O. Electrokinetic behavior in synthatic process of composite particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(99)00272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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24
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Zobel HP, Zimmer A, Atmaca-Abdel Aziz S, Gilbert M, Werner D, Noe CR, Kreuter J, Stieneker F. Evaluation of aminoalkylmethacrylate nanoparticles as colloidal drug carrier systems. Part I: Synthesis of monomers, dependence of the physical properties on the polymerization methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1999; 47:203-13. [PMID: 10382104 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-6411(98)00100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional nanoparticles based on acrylic compounds are lipophilic and possess a negative surface charge. This is due to their manufacturing process and to the chemical structure of the polymer. Hence, these particles are not suitable for the adsorption of hydrophilic anionic drugs. In the present investigation, positively charged copolymer nanoparticles prepared from aminoalkyl- and methylmethacrylates were evaluated, with regard to their physical properties. This report provides a detailed description of the synthesis of the non-commercially available monomers and their polymerization procedure. Various parameters were investigated, such as comonomer content, total amount of monomer, concentration of the radical initiator, and the composition of the polymerization medium. The resulting particle diameter and the surface charge were found to be strongly dependent on the polymerization conditions and on the pH. Optimization of the polymerization procedure yielded nanoparticles of about 200 nm exhibiting a positive surface charge. The charges of the different copolymer particles were then compared at different pH values. N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (TMAEMC) nanoparticles with quaternary ammonium groups located at their surfaces, possessed a nearly constant positive zeta potential at various pH values and, consequently, pH-independent particle diameters. The physical characteristics of the other aminoalkyl copolymers correlated with the basicity of the monomers employed and were found to be strongly dependent on the pH of the dispersion medium. Aminoethylmethacrylate (AEMC), methylaminoethylmethacrylate (MMAEMC), and aminohexylmethacrylate (AHMC) as well as aminoethylmethacrylamide (AHMAC) copolymer nanoparticles exhibited a strong positively charged surface even at physiological pH and, therefore, are useful candidates for the adsorption of anionic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Zobel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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25
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Polyacrolein containing microspheres: Synthesis, properties and possible medical applications. Prog Polym Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(97)00053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Kowalczyk D, Marsault JP, Slomkowski S. Atomic force microscopy of human serum albumin (HSA) on poly(styrene/acrolein) microspheres. Colloid Polym Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00655225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Miksa B, Slomkowski S. Adsorption and covalent immobilization of human serum albumin (HSA) and gamma globulins (gamma G) onto poly(styrene/acrolein) latexes with pyrene, dansyl, and 2,4-dinitrophenyl labels. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1996; 7:77-96. [PMID: 7545003 DOI: 10.1163/156856295x00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The poly(styrene/acrolein) latexes (P(SA)1 and P(SA)2), differing in poly(acrolein) content, were synthesized by the emulsifier-less emulsion-precipitation polymerization of styrene and acrolein. The fraction of poly(acrolein) in the surface layer was 0.35 and 0.50, for the P(SA)1 and P(SA)2 latex, respectively. Latexes were labelled with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), dansylhdrazine (DAH), and 1-aminopyrene (APY). Surface concentration of labels varied from 4.20.10(-7) mol m-2 (for APY label on P(SA)1 latex) to 1.54.10(-6) mol m-2 (for DNPH label on P(SA)2 latex) reflecting the fraction of polyacrolein in the surface layer and bulkiness of the label. The differences between adsorption and covalent immobilization of human serum albumin and gamma globulins onto the P(SA)2 latex and onto its derivatives labelled with the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP), dansyl (DA), and pyrene (PY) groups were small. The observation conforms to the hypothesis that polyacrolein forms domains on the surface of the P(SA) latexes and that after labelling some aldehyde groups are still available for the covalent immobilization of proteins. Labelled and parent latexes were used in the model slide and turbidimetric aggregation tests for the goat anti-HSA. The fluorescent latexes, labelled with APY and DAH, and latexes labelled and with DNPH were found to be suitable for the model tests, similarly as the nonlabelled ones, however, some differences in the sensitivity, depending on the presence and the nature of labels, were noticed. The standard goat anti-HSA serum (Sigma) was detected at maximum dilution equal to 2000 in the slide test, and in the dilution region from 1.8.10(3) to 4.7.10(6) times in the turbidimetric test.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Miksa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz
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Miksa B, Wilczynska M, Cierniewski C, Basinska T, Slomkowski S. Composite poly(methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) latex for immunoassay. The case of plasminogen. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1996; 7:503-13. [PMID: 8608087 DOI: 10.1163/156856295x00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) latex (ACRYLAT) was synthesized by radical precipitation polymerization. The mass median diameter (MMD) and the geometrical standard deviation (GSD) of the ACRYLAT particles were 138 nm and 1.2, respectively. The concentration of the titrable carboxylic groups in the surface layer of latex particles was equal to 8.41 x 10(-6) mol m-2. Latex was able to bind up to 2.82 x 10(-7) mol of 1-aminopyrene per 1 m2 of the surface of the latex particles due to the ionic interactions between carboxylate anions and ammonium cations of protonated 1-aminopyrene. ACRYLAT was able to immobilize covalently human serum albumin in amounts up to 0.23 mg m-2. Aggregation of ACRYLAT with immobilized HSA, induced with specific antibodies (anti-HSA), was investigated turbidimetrically. The results indicated that in the model turbidimetric immunoassay, ACRYLAT coated with HSA can be used for the detection of anti-HSA in the goat anti-HSA serum diluted from 50 to 7000-fold. Immobilization of rabbit antibodies to plasminogen (anti-Plg) to ACRYLAT via the epsilon-aminocaproic acid linkers provided particles which were used for the development of the turbidimetric immunoassay for plasminogen. In this assay plasminogen could be detected in concentration ranging from 0.75 to 75 micrograms ml-1 in the blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Miksa
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Lodz, Poland
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Basinska T, Slomkowski S. Attachment of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto the poly(styrene/acrolein) latexes and onto their derivatives with amino groups on the surface; activity of immobilized enzyme. Colloid Polym Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00656887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Denizli A, Pişkin E. DNA-immobilized polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate microbeads for affinity sorption of human immunoglobulin G and anti-DNA antibodies. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 666:215-22. [PMID: 7633597 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00593-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxymethacrylate (PHEMA) microbeads were prepared by a suspension polymerization technique and activated by CNBr in an alkaline medium (pH 11.5). DNA molecules were immobilized onto CNBr-activated PHEMA beads. The amount of immobilized DNA was controlled by changing the medium pH and the initial concentrations of CNBr and DNA. The maximum DNA immobilization was observed at pH 5.0. Non-specific adsorption on the plain PHEMA microbeads was less than 0.1 mg/g. Much higher values, up to 2.75 mg/g, were achieved with the CNBr-activated PHEMA microbeads. Human immunoglobulin G (HIgG) adsorption onto PHEMA microbeads containing different amounts of DNA on their surfaces from aqueous solutions containing different amounts of HIgG at different pH values was investigated. The maximum HIgG adsorption was observed at pH 7.0. Non-specific HIgG adsorption onto the plain PHEMA microbeads was low (about 0.167 mg/g). Higher adsorption values, up to 7.5 mg/g, were obtained with the DNA-PHEMA beads. HIgG and anti-DNA antibody removal from the blood plasma obtained from a healthy donor and a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were also investigated. The maximum amounts of HIgG adsorbed from aqueous solution and human plasma onto the DNA-PHEMA microbeads were 7.35 and 23.46 mg/g, respectively. Anti-DNA antibody adsorption value was 40 mg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Denizli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Slomkowski S, Miksa B. Polypyrrole core/polyacrolein shell latex for protein immobilization. Colloid Polym Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00655673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Furusawa K, Nagashima K, Anzai C. Synthetic process to control the total size and component distribution of multilayer magnetic composite particles. Colloid Polym Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00652379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sugiyama K, Aoki H. Surface Modified Polymer Microspheres Obtained by the Emulsion Copolymerization of 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine with Various Vinyl Monomers. Polym J 1994. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.26.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sugiyama K, Shiraishi K, Ohga K, Shirahama H, Tamai H, Kikukawa K, Yasuda H. Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microspheres Bearing Phosphatidylcholine Analogous and Azobenzene Moieties. Polym J 1993. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.25.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Arshady R. Microspheres for biomedical applications: preparation of reactive and labelled microspheres. Biomaterials 1993; 14:5-15. [PMID: 7678756 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(93)90015-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of reactive and labelled microspheres useful for biomedical applications. Preparation of microspheres with specific functional groups, fluorescent species, radionuclides and magnetite particles (Fe2O3) are discussed. Physico-chemical properties of microspheres, including surface charge and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, are also briefly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arshady
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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Marchand J, Varcin P, Riochet D, Montagne P, Cuilliere ML, Duheille J, Pau B. Synthesis of new hydrophilic microspheres: optimized carriers for microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassays. Biopolymers 1992; 32:971-80. [PMID: 1420980 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360320808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To optimize antigen-antibody reactions, we have synthesized chemically well-defined hydrophilic microspheres. Proteins or haptens were covalently linked to these carriers. When the microsphere conjugates were agglutinated by the corresponding antiserum, the size of the complex artificially increased during the immunological reaction. After optimizing various parameters such as the hydrophilic character, repulsion charges, and amount of antigen coupled to the microspheres, we developed a rapid and sensitive immunoassay based on laser light scattering by the complexes.
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Montheard JP, Chatzopoulos M, Chappard D. 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA): Chemical Properties and Applications in Biomedical Fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/15321799208018377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Brindley A, Davies M, Lynn R, Davis S, Hearn J, Watts J. The surface characterization of model charged and sterically stabilized polymer colloids by SSIMS and X.p.s. POLYMER 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90034-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jayakrishnan A, Thanoo BC. Suspension polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in the presence of polymeric diluents: a novel route to spherical highly porous beads for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1990; 24:913-27. [PMID: 2398078 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820240709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spherical, highly porous beads of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) were prepared by suspension polymerization of HEMA in concentrated NaCl solutions in presence of toluene, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in toluene, and poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG). Magnesium hydroxide prepared in situ in the dispersion medium gave the best stabilization effect for the monomer droplets. In the presence of PTMG, beads having nearly 1.0 mm in diameter could be prepared, while toluene alone as the diluent produced beads of very small size. Removal of PMMA or PTMG from the beads after polymerization using suitable solvents gave rise to highly porous PHEMA microspsheres. Polymerization in the presence of PTMG produced microspsheres with better spherical geometry as compared to those generated in the presence of PMMA. The effect of various factors such as NaCl concentration, concentration of Mg(OH)2, and the concentration of PMMA or PTMG in the monomer phase on the stability of the suspension and the particle size distribution was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jayakrishnan
- Polymer Chemistry Division, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Kawaguchi H, Sakamoto K, Ohtsuka Y, Ohtake T, Sekiguchi H, Iri H. Fundamental study on latex reagents for agglutination tests. Biomaterials 1989; 10:225-9. [PMID: 2742949 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(89)90097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Competitive adsorption of Fab and Fc fragments on to particles revealed that the main driving forces for the adsorption of Fab and Fc fragments are ionic and hydrophobic forces, respectively. Latex particles were sensitized with antihuman C-reactive protein-antibody under a condition where ionic binding force was suppressed, and hence antibody was supposed to attach to the particles predominantly at the Fc site. The resulting latex indicated a high efficiency for the determination of C-reactive protein. Among the latexes used, a partially hydrolysed styrene-acrylamide copolymer latex was the best with respect to test efficiency and storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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Abstract
The methodologies and techniques of producing polymer particles (nano- and microspheres) from vinyl monomers are described, with an emphasis on laboratory preparations. Five different techniques are employed in the preparation of polymer micro- and nanoparticles from vinyl monomers. Emulsion polymerization provides particles of about 50-200 nm in diameter, emulsifier free emulsion polymerization produces particles of about 100-1000 nm (0.1-1.0 micron), dispersion polymerization gives particles in the region of 0.3-10 micron, and suspension polymerization leads to the formation of particles of about 20 micron-2 mm. The gap in the 10-20 micron region may be filled by either seeded polymerization or by more elaborately performed suspension polymerization. All of the four techniques mentioned above produce regular, spherical particles. Precipitation polymerization, on the other hand, gives irregularly shaped particles in the range of 0.1-10 micron. An attempt is made to clarify the underlying differences between these techniques and to say how they are practised in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arshady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Kashan, Iran
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Bourel D, Rolland A, Le Verge R, Genetet B. A new immunoreagent for cell labeling. CD3 monoclonal antibody covalently coupled to fluorescent polymethacrylic nanoparticles. J Immunol Methods 1988; 106:161-7. [PMID: 2963071 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The preparation and application of immunonanospheres are described. CD3 monoclonal antibodies were covalently coupled to fluorescent polymethacrylic nanoparticles by the glutaraldehyde reaction and the resultant conjugate purified by gel filtration on a Sepharose 4B column. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells labeled with this immunoreagent were observed by both fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to evaluate the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bourel
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine, Rennes, France
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Monoclonal antibodies covalently coupled to polymethacrylic nanoparticles: in vitro specific targeting to human T lymphocytes. Int J Pharm 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(87)90213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rolland A, Merdrignac G, Gouranton J, Bourel D, Le Verge R, Genetet B. Flow cytometric quantitative evaluation of phagocytosis by human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells using fluorescent nanoparticles. J Immunol Methods 1987; 96:185-93. [PMID: 3805739 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent polymethacrylic nanoparticles (0.3 micron) as a flow cytometric reagent in the quantitative evaluation of phagocytosis by human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells is described. The preparation of the nanoparticles, by emulsion copolymerization of methacrylic monomers, and their physicochemical properties are briefly summarized. Nanoparticles coupled with a fluorescent agent (ethidium bromide) were used in a flow cytometric assay to study opsonin-independent phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear cells and by human monocytes. The phagocytosis of nanospheres by monocytes was determined by flow cytometry from the fluorescence distribution and ingestion was visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. One possible application of the fluorescent nanoparticles is the simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens and cell phagocytic activity.
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SYNTHETIC POLYMER BIOMATERIALS IN MEDICINE — A REVIEW. Macromolecules 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-026226-0.50027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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