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Moe AK, Chungprempree J, Preechawong J, Sapsrithong P, Nithitanakul M. The Development of Environmentally Sustainable Poly(vinyl chloride) Composite from Waste Non-Metallic Printed Circuit Board with Interfacial Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2938. [PMID: 37447583 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recycling of non-metallic printed circuit boards (NMPCB) as a filler in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composite would help to encourage the use of waste NMPCB, thus, reducing some environmental concerns with regard to e-waste. The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effect of different interfacial agents, namely polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) and ϒ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (ATPS) on the morphology and properties of PVC/NMPCB composites. A PVC/NMPCB composite was prepared by melt compounding with varying amounts of NMPCB ranging between 10, 20 and 30 wt.%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) analysis revealed the interactions between PVC and NMPCB when using both PP-g-MAH and ATPS interfacial agent. The properties and morphology of PVC/NMPCB composites were significantly dependent on the interfacial agent treated on the NMPCB surface. The phase morphology and mechanical properties of PVC/NMPCB composites (30 wt.% of NMPCB) were improved and the result also indicated that the higher compatibility of composites with ATPS as an interfacial agent led to our obtaining the maximum Young's modulus of 484 MPa. The dynamic mechanical analysis revealed the interaction at the interface, with the Tg shifting to a lower temperature in the presence of PP-g-MAH and strong interfacial adhesion noted with the improved Tg in the presence of the ATPS interfacial agent. Further evidence of the improved interaction was observed with the increment in density in the presence of ATPS when compared with PP-g-MAH in PVC/NMPCB composite. Hence, of the two interfacial agents, ATPS showed itself to be more effective when employed as an interfacial agent for NMPCB in PVC composite for industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Kyaw Moe
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jirasuta Chungprempree
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jitima Preechawong
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornsri Sapsrithong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Manit Nithitanakul
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Khattak A, Alahmadi AA, Ishida H, Ullah N. Improved PVC/ZnO Nanocomposite Insulation for High Voltage and High Temperature Applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7235. [PMID: 37142579 PMCID: PMC10160027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized inorganic oxides have the trends to improve many characteristics of solid polymer insulation. In this work, the characteristics of improved poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)/ZnO are evaluated using 0, 2, 4 and 6 phr of ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in polymer matrix using internal mixer and finally compressed into circular disk with 80 mm diameter using compression molding technique. Dispersion properties are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and optical microscopy (OM). The effect of filler on the electrical, optical, thermal, and dielectric properties of the PVC are also analyzed. Hydrophobicity of nano-composites is evaluated by measuring contact angle and recording hydrophobicity class using Swedish transmission research institute (STRI) classification method. Hydrophobic behavior decreases with the increase in filler content; contact angle increases up to 86°, and STRI class of HC3 for PZ4 is observed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are employed to evaluate the thermal properties of the samples. Also, continuous decrease of optical band gap energy from 4.04 eV for PZ0 to 2.57 eV for PZ6 is observed. In the meantime, an enhancement in the melting temperature, Tm, is observed from 172 to 215 °C. To check the stability of materials against hydrothermal stresses, all the fabricated materials are then subjected to a hydrothermal aging process for 1000 h and their structural stability is analyzed using optical microscopy and FTIR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraiz Khattak
- Department of Electrical Power Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, USPCAS-E, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Aziz Alahmadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, PO Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7202, USA
| | - Nasim Ullah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, PO Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Wang X, Zhang J, Chen H. Comparison of toughening effects of several common toughening agents and polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer on polyvinyl chloride. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.6013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing China
| | - Hao Chen
- Nanjing Huage Electronics & Automobile Plastic Industry Co. Ltd. Nanjing China
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Wang X, Jia Y, Zhang J, Chen H. Excellent toughness of rigid polyvinylchloride at low temperature improved by polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing China
| | - Yu Jia
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing China
| | - Hao Chen
- Nanjing Huage Electronics & Automobile Plastic Industry Co. Ltd. Nanjing China
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Moe AK, Chungprempree J, Preechawong J, Sapsrithong P, Nithitanakul M. Recycling Waste Nonmetallic Printed Circuit Boards for Polyvinyl Chloride Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173531. [PMID: 36080606 PMCID: PMC9460210 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce environmental threats, such as land filling, incineration and soil pollution, which are associated with the improper waste management of waste printed circuit boards, the utilization of NMPCBs from waste PCBs as a filler in composites was pursued. Untreated and treated NMPCBs in varying ratios, 10–30 wt.%, were blended with PVC to produce NMPCB/PVC composites, using the melt-mixing method via an internal mixer, in order to solve the remaining NMPCB waste problem after the valuable metals in PCBs were recovered. The incorporation of the NMPCB with PVC resulted in an increase in the tensile modulus and the thermal stability of the resulting composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated improved interfacial adhesion between the treated NMPCB and the PVC matrix. The FTIR results of the NMPCB treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) revealed the formation of Si-O-Si bonds. The densities of the composites were found to increase with an increase in the content of the treated NMPCB, and compatibility improved. The tensile properties of the treated NMPCB/PVC composites were higher than those of the untreated NMPCB/PVC composites, suggesting improved compatibility between the treated NMPCB and PVC. The PVC composite with 10 wt.% of the treated NMPCB showed the optimum tensile properties. It was observed that the tensile modulus of the treated NMPCB/PVC composite increased by 47.65% when compared to that of the neat PVC. The maximum thermal degradation temperature was 27 °C higher than that of the neat PVC. Dynamic mechanical analysis results also support the improved interfacial adhesion as a result of the improvement in the storage modulus at the glassy region, and the loss factor (tan δ) peak shifted to a higher temperature range than that of the PVC and the untreated NMPCB/PVC composite. These studies reveal that the NMPCB was successfully modified with 1 wt.% of GPTMS, which promoted the dispersion and interfacial adhesion in the PVC matrix, resulting in better tensile properties and better thermal stability of the PVC composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Kyaw Moe
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jirasuta Chungprempree
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jitima Preechawong
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornsri Sapsrithong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Manit Nithitanakul
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Tomaszewska J, Sterzyński T, Woźniak-Braszak A, Banaszak M. Review of Recent Developments of Glass Transition in PVC Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4336. [PMID: 34960887 PMCID: PMC8708294 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the impact of different nanoadditives on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is a widely used industrial polymer. The relatively high Tg limits its temperature-dependent applications. The objective of the review is to present the state-of-the-art knowledge on the influence of nanofillers of various origins and dimensions on the Tg of the PVC. The Tg variations induced by added nanofillers can be probed mostly by such experimental techniques as thermomechanical analysis (TMA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dielectric thermal analysis (DETA). The increase in Tg is commonly associated with the use of mineral and carbonaceous nanofillers. In this case, a rise in the concentration of nanoadditives leads to an increase in the Tg due to a restraint of the PVC macromolecular chain's mobility. The lowering of Tg may be attributed to the well-known plasticizing effect, which is a consequence of the incorporation of oligomeric silsesquioxanes to the polymeric matrix. It has been well established that the variation in the Tg value depends also on the chemical modification of nanofillers and their incorporation into the PVC matrix. This review may be an inspiration for further investigation of nanofillers' effect on the PVC glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Tomaszewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sterzyński
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Aneta Woźniak-Braszak
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, Wieniawski, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.B.)
| | - Michał Banaszak
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, Wieniawski, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.B.)
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Tomaszewska J, Sterzyński T, Walczak D. Thermal Stability of Nanosilica-Modified Poly(vinyl chloride). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132057. [PMID: 34201721 PMCID: PMC8271553 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal stability of PVC with 1 wt % of spherical porous nanosilica, prepared by roll milling at processing time varied from 1 to 20 min, was investigated by means of visual color changes, Congo red, and thermogravimetric tests (TGA and DTG), as a function of rolling time and composition of PVC matrix. The melt flow rate (MFR) measurements were realized to identify the degradation-induced changes of processing properties. A high level of gelation of the PVC matrix for all samples was verified by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). It was found that the addition of porous nanosilica to absorb a certain volume of HCl, produced by dehydrochlorination reaction, leads to an improvement of thermal stability, an effect observed in a form of minor color changes of the samples, lower evolution of gas hydrogen chloride, and slight changes of the MFR value. It was demonstrated that the TGA measurements are not sufficiently sensible to detect the degradation of PVC at the processing conditions, i.e., at the temperature equal to 220 °C and below this temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Tomaszewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Seminaryjna 3, PL-85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Sterzyński
- Institute of Material Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Damian Walczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Seminaryjna 3, PL-85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Wang T, Li X, Xiong Y, Guo S. Super-tough PVC/CPE composites: an efficient CPE network by an MGA copolymer prepared through a vibro-milling process. RSC Adv 2020; 10:44584-44592. [PMID: 35517138 PMCID: PMC9058450 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibro-milling, a solid-phase mechanochemistry method, was used to prepare an amphiphilic composite particle, which is referred to as MGA. The Molau test, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the core-shell structure of the acrylic impact modifier, acrylate core-shell rubber (ACR), was destroyed after vibro-milling. The ACR core was exposed and reacted with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) chains. Using 1.75 parts per hundred rubber (phr) MGA instead of 1.25 phr MC and 0.5 phr ACR, a significant enhancement effect was achieved. The notched impact strength of the PVC composites increased from 4.24 kJ m-2 for neat PVC and 23.79 kJ m-2 for C7A0.5MC1.25 to 65.5 kJ m-2 for C7M1.75. Additionally, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PVC composites were enhanced. Studies using a variety of characterization techniques show that the addition of MGA can promote the formation of an intermingled and riveted structure, and thus increase interfacial interactions and the effects of stress transfer, releasing the planar strain. The introduction of MGA can also induce the chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) phase to form a network structure at a lower CPE content, which contributes to networking and crazing and is the main toughening mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xuejian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - ShaoYun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
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Sun Z, Wang M, Li Z, Choi B, Mulder RJ, Feng A, Moad G, Thang SH. Versatile Approach for Preparing PVC-Based Mikto-Arm Star Additives Based on RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Roger J. Mulder
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Anchao Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Graeme Moad
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - San H. Thang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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10
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Ashraf MA, Peng W, Zare Y, Rhee KY. Effects of Size and Aggregation/Agglomeration of Nanoparticles on the Interfacial/Interphase Properties and Tensile Strength of Polymer Nanocomposites. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:214. [PMID: 30019092 PMCID: PMC6049851 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, several simple equations are suggested to investigate the effects of size and density on the number, surface area, stiffening efficiency, and specific surface area of nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites. In addition, the roles of nanoparticle size and interphase thickness in the interfacial/interphase properties and tensile strength of nanocomposites are explained by various equations. The aggregates/agglomerates of nanoparticles are also assumed as large particles in nanocomposites, and their influences on the nanoparticle characteristics, interface/interphase properties, and tensile strength are discussed. The small size advantageously affects the number, surface area, stiffening efficiency, and specific surface area of nanoparticles. Only 2 g of isolated and well-dispersed nanoparticles with radius of 10 nm (R = 10 nm) and density of 2 g/cm3 produce the significant interfacial area of 250 m2 with polymer matrix. Moreover, only a thick interphase cannot produce high interfacial/interphase parameters and significant mechanical properties in nanocomposites because the filler size and aggregates/agglomerates also control these terms. It is found that a thick interphase (t = 25 nm) surrounding the big nanoparticles (R = 50 nm) only improves the B interphase parameter to about 4, while B = 13 is obtained by the smallest nanoparticles and the thickest interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
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11
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Use of vitamin B1 for the surface treatment of silica (SiO2) and synthesis of poly(vinyl chloride)/SiO2 nanocomposites with advanced properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Zare Y. “ a ” interfacial parameter in Nicolais–Narkis model for yield strength of polymer particulate nanocomposites as a function of material and interphase properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 470:245-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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14
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Turhan Y, Doǧan M, Alkan M. Characterization and Some Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride)/Sepiolite Nanocomposites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.20271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Abu-Abdeen M. Investigation of the rheological, dynamic mechanical, and tensile properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced poly(vinyl chloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Miao H, Lin S, Lin J. Poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-maleic anhydride)/silica nanocomposites derived from in situ suspension polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Bonadies I, Avella M, Avolio R, Carfagna C, Errico ME, Gentile G. Poly(vinyl chloride)/CaCO3 nanocomposites: Influence of surface treatments on the properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Albayrak Ari
- a Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering , Department of Chemical Engineering , Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Aydin
- a Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering , Department of Chemical Engineering , Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Ari GA, Aydin I. A study on fusion and rheological behaviors of PVC/SiO2
microcomposites and nanocomposites: The effects of SiO2
particle size. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of rigid PVC/clay nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Turhan Y, Doǧan M, Alkan M. Poly(vinyl chloride)/Kaolinite Nanocomposites: Characterization and Thermal and Optical Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901384x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Turhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, 10145 Balýkesir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Doǧan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, 10145 Balýkesir, Turkey
| | - Mahir Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, Balikesir University, 10145 Balýkesir, Turkey
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