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Sangroniz L, Wang B, Su Y, Liu G, Cavallo D, Wang D, Müller AJ. Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Jablonski J, Yu L, Malik S, Sharma A, Bajaj A, Balasubramaniam SL, Bleher R, Weiner RG, Duncan TV. Migration of Quaternary Ammonium Cations from Exfoliated Clay/Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites into Food Simulants. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13349-13359. [PMID: 31460463 PMCID: PMC6705235 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Clay/polymer nanocomposites (CPNs) are polymers incorporating refined clay particles that are frequently functionalized with quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) as dispersion aids. There is interest in commercializing CPNs for food contact applications because they have improved strength and barrier properties, but there are few studies on the potential for QACs in CPNs to transfer to foods under conditions of intended use. In this study, we manufactured low-density poly(ethylene) (LDPE)-based CPNs and assessed whether QACs can migrate into several food simulants under accelerated storage conditions. QACs were found to migrate to a fatty food simulant (ethanol) at levels of ∼1.1 μg mg-1 CPN mass after 10 days at 40 °C, constituting about 4% total migration (proportion of the initial QAC content in the CPN that migrated to the simulant). QAC migration into ethanol was ∼16× higher from LDPE containing approximately the same concentration of QACs but no clay, suggesting that most QACs in the CPN are tightly bound to clay particles and are immobile. Negligible QACs were found to migrate into aqueous, alcoholic, or acidic simulants from CPNs, and the amount of migrated QACs was also found to scale with the temperature and the initial clay concentration. The migration data were compared to a theoretical diffusion model, and it was found that the diffusion constant for QACs in the CPN was several orders of magnitude slower than predicted, which we attributed to the potential for QACs to migrate as dimers or other aggregates rather than as individual ions. Nevertheless, the use of the migration model resulted in a conservative estimate of the mass transfer of QAC from the CPN test specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph
E. Jablonski
- Center
for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, Bedford
Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Longjiao Yu
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois
Institute of Technology, Bedford
Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Sargun Malik
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois
Institute of Technology, Bedford
Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois
Institute of Technology, Bedford
Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Akhil Bajaj
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois
Institute of Technology, Bedford
Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | | | - Reiner Bleher
- Northwestern
University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rebecca G. Weiner
- Center
for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, Bedford
Park, Illinois 60501, United States
| | - Timothy V. Duncan
- Center
for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, Bedford
Park, Illinois 60501, United States
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Interfacial interaction exploration and oxygen barrier potential of polyethylene/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)/clay hybrid nanocomposites. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2016-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHybrid nanocomposites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH)/clay were prepared and fully characterized. Morphological (WAXS and TEM), calorimetric (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) analyses were applied to investigate potential of nanocomposites as barrier against oxygen. Co-existence of ingredients of different nature, i.e. HDPE (general-purpose non-polar component), EVOH (engineering polar component with excellent barrier properties), nanoclay (planar one-dimensional mineral barrier nanofiller), and maleated HDPE (PE-g-MA) as coupling agent, brings about serious intricacies in view of interaction between existing phases. Conceptual/experimental analysis was performed to explore the interdependence between microstructure and oxygen barrierity of HDPE/EVOH/clay nanocomposites through the lens of interaction state in the system. Morphological measurements confirmed formation of an intercalated nanostructure, while investigations on complex viscosity, storage modulus, permeability, thermo-mechanical properties, and nanoclay interlayer galleries were all indicative of dependence of nanocomposites’ properties on molecular interactions. The performance of nanocomposite sheets as oxygen barriers was mechanistically explained.
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Filippi S, Paci M, Baldanzi F, Rossi D, Polacco G. XRD study of intercalation in statically annealed composites of ethylene copolymers and organically modified montmorillonites. 1. Two-tailed organoclays. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Milani A, Casalegno M, Castiglioni C, Raos G. Coarse-Grained Simulations of Model Polymer Nanofibres. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Benson SD, Moore RB. Isothermal crystallization of lightly sulfonated syndiotactic polystyrene/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lin C, Wang S, Sun H, Li J, Guo S. Real-time ultrasonic characterization of the chain orientation of high density polyethylene melts during processing. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Marega C, Causin V, Marigo A, Ferrara G. Reduction in tactoid size as a means for reinforcing high-density polyethylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Structure and morphology of HDPE-g-MA/organoclay nanocomposites: Effects of the preparation procedures. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jeon HU, Lee DH, Choi D, Kim MS, Kim JH, Jeong HM. Characteristics of Rubber/Sodium Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by a Novel Method. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340701582860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun uk Jeon
- a Yongjin Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. , Nam‐Gu, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Heun Lee
- a Yongjin Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. , Nam‐Gu, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dug‐Jai Choi
- b Kumho Tire Co., Inc. , Gwangsan‐Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Ulsan , Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Ulsan , Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Mo Jeong
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Ulsan , Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Filippi S, Mameli E, Marazzato C, Magagnini P. Comparison of solution-blending and melt-intercalation for the preparation of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)/organoclay nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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