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Ansari M, Darvishi A. A review of the current state of natural biomaterials in wound healing applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1309541. [PMID: 38600945 PMCID: PMC11004490 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1309541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin, the largest biological organ, consists of three main parts: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Wounds are abnormal wounds in various forms, such as lacerations, burns, chronic wounds, diabetic wounds, acute wounds, and fractures. The wound healing process is dynamic, complex, and lengthy in four stages involving cells, macrophages, and growth factors. Wound dressing refers to a substance that covers the surface of a wound to prevent infection and secondary damage. Biomaterials applied in wound management have advanced significantly. Natural biomaterials are increasingly used due to their advantages including biomimicry of ECM, convenient accessibility, and involvement in native wound healing. However, there are still limitations such as low mechanical properties and expensive extraction methods. Therefore, their combination with synthetic biomaterials and/or adding bioactive agents has become an option for researchers in this field. In the present study, the stages of natural wound healing and the effect of biomaterials on its direction, type, and level will be investigated. Then, different types of polysaccharides and proteins were selected as desirable natural biomaterials, polymers as synthetic biomaterials with variable and suitable properties, and bioactive agents as effective additives. In the following, the structure of selected biomaterials, their extraction and production methods, their participation in wound healing, and quality control techniques of biomaterials-based wound dressings will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran
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Lecina-Tejero Ó, Pérez MÁ, García-Gareta E, Borau C. The rise of mechanical metamaterials: Auxetic constructs for skin wound healing. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231177838. [PMID: 37362902 PMCID: PMC10285607 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231177838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxetic materials are known for their unique ability to expand/contract in multiple directions when stretched/compressed. In other words, they exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio, which is usually positive for most of materials. This behavior appears in some biological tissues such as human skin, where it promotes wound healing by providing an enhanced mechanical support and facilitating cell migration. Skin tissue engineering has been a growing research topic in recent years, largely thanks to the rapid development of 3D printing techniques and technologies. The combination of computational studies with rapid manufacturing and tailored designs presents a huge potential for the future of personalized medicine. Overall, this review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on auxetic constructs for skin healing applications, highlighting the potential of auxetics as a promising treatment option for skin wounds. The article also identifies gaps in the current knowledge and suggests areas for future research. In particular, we discuss the designs, materials, manufacturing techniques, and also the computational and experimental studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Lecina-Tejero
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pérez
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Elena García-Gareta
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos Borau
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50090, Spain
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Ward SP, Mcdermott ST, Heichel D, Burke KA, Adamson DH. Solvent-Free Direct PEGylation of Collagen Fibers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5101-5109. [PMID: 36374748 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to biomolecules and biomaterials is a well-established approach to modify their properties for therapeutic applications. For biomaterials, the approach is typically to blend or electrospray the synthetic polymer with the biomaterial. Effective surface modification approaches such as surface-initiated polymer brushes are challenging since the harsh solvents required for brush synthesis may destroy the biomaterial. Herein, we describe the PEGylation of collagen fibers by surface-initiated PEG brushes using a living anionic grafting-from mechanism. This brush synthesis is done in the absence of solvents to minimize the degradation of the native collagen structure. We quantify the effect the brush synthesis has on the native structure of the collagen fiber using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and find that even at long reaction times a significant fraction of the native structure remains. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicates the collagen undergoes only modest structural degradation, while adhesion studies find a significant improvement of antifouling properties. Further, our approach opens the way for further chemistry, as the growing polymer chain is a potassium alkoxy group that can be functionalized by termination or by subsequent reaction by a wide variety of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Sean T Mcdermott
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Danielle Heichel
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Kelly A Burke
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States.,Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Douglas H Adamson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States.,Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
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Ansari M, Meftahizadeh H, Eslami H. Physical and antibacterial properties of Chitosan-guar-peppermint gel for improving wound healing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Advances in spray products for skin regeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:187-203. [PMID: 35386328 PMCID: PMC8965724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, skin wounds are still an issue for healthcare professionals. Although numerous approaches have been developed over the years for skin regeneration, recent advances in regenerative medicine offer very promising strategies for the fabrication of artificial skin substitutes, including 3D bioprinting, electrospinning or spraying, among others. In particular, skin sprays are an innovative technique still under clinical evaluation that show great potential for the delivery of cells and hydrogels to treat acute and chronic wounds. Skin sprays present significant advantages compared to conventional treatments for wound healing, such as the facility of application, the possibility to treat large wound areas, or the homogeneous distribution of the sprayed material. In this article, we review the latest advances in this technology, giving a detailed description of investigational and currently commercially available acellular and cellular skin spray products, used for a variety of diseases and applying different experimental materials. Moreover, as skin sprays products are subjected to different classifications, we also explain the regulatory pathways for their commercialization and include the main clinical trials for different skin diseases and their treatment conditions. Finally, we argue and suggest possible future trends for the biotechnology of skin sprays for a better use in clinical dermatology. Skin sprays represent a promising technique for wound healing applications. Skin sprays can deliver cells and hydrogels with great facility over large wounds. Many skin spray products have been studied, only a few have been commercialized. Numerous clinical trials study spray products for skin diseases like psoriasis. Improved spraying devices should be developed for different materials and cells.
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Effects of Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan Mesh on Gene Expression as Determined by Using Principal Component Analysis-Based Unsupervised Feature Extraction. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234117. [PMID: 34883620 PMCID: PMC8658924 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the medical applications for substances or materials that contact cells is important. Hence, it is necessary to elucidate how substances that surround cells affect gene expression during incubation. In the current study, we compared the gene expression profiles of cell lines that were in contact with collagen–glycosaminoglycan mesh and control cells. Principal component analysis-based unsupervised feature extraction was applied to identify genes with altered expression during incubation in the treated cell lines but not in the controls. The identified genes were enriched in various biological terms. Our method also outperformed a conventional methodology, namely, gene selection based on linear regression with time course.
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Michopoulou A, Koliakou E, Terzopoulou Z, Rousselle P, Palamidi A, Anestakis D, Konstantinidou P, Roig-Rosello E, Demiri E, Bikiaris D. Benefit of coupling heparin to crosslinked collagen I/III scaffolds for human dermal fibroblast subpopulations' tissue growth. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:797-811. [PMID: 34793629 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of models representing the skin dermal heterogeneity for relevant research and skin engineering applications. This is the first study reporting production of dermal equivalents reproducing features of papillary and reticular dermal compartments. Inspired from our current knowledge on the architecture and composition differences between the papillary and reticular dermis, we evaluated different collagen-based porous materials to serve as scaffolds for the three-dimensional expansion of freshly isolated papillary and/or reticular fibroblasts. The scaffolds, composed of either collagen I or collagen I and III mixtures, were prepared by lyophilization. Pore size and hydrolytic stability were controlled by crosslinking with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) or EDC/NHS with covalently bound heparin. The evaluation of the resultant "papillary" and "reticular" dermal equivalents was based on the analysis of characteristic features of each dermal compartment, such as cell density and deposition of newly synthetized extracellular matrix components in histological sections. Crosslinking supported cell growth during dermal tissue formation independent on the fibroblast subpopulation. The presence of collagen III seemed to have some positive but non-specific effect only on the maintenance of the mechanical strength of the scaffolds during dermal formation. Histological analyses demonstrated a significant and specific effect of heparin on generating dermal equivalents reproducing the respective higher papillary than reticular cell densities and supporting distinct extracellular matrix components deposition (three to five times more carbohydrate material deposited by papillary fibroblasts in all scaffolds containing heparin, while higher collagen production was observed only in the presence of heparin).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Koliakou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Univ. Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences, Lyon, France
| | - Artemis Palamidi
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Eva Roig-Rosello
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Univ. Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences, Lyon, France
| | - Euterpi Demiri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Fabrication of multifunctional chitosan-Guar-Aloe Vera gel to promote wound healing. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ansari M, Eslami H. Development of a novel poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) based composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.1954661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran
| | - Hossein Eslami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran
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Chopra H, Kumar S, Singh I. Biopolymer-based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:282-295. [PMID: 33143611 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201102140408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is governed by the use of cells and polymers. The cells may be accounted for the type of tissue to be targeted, while polymers may vary from natural to synthetic. The natural polymers have advantages such as non-immunogenic and complex structures that help in the formation of bonds in comparison to the synthetic ones. Various targeted drug delivery systems have been prepared using polymers and cells, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanofibers, and microspheres. The design of scaffolds depends on the negative impact of material used on the human body and they have been prepared using surface modification technique or neo material synthesis. The dermal substitutes are a distinctive array that aims at the replacement of skin parts either through grafting or some other means. This review focuses on biomaterials for their use in tissue engineering. This article shall provide the bird's eye view of the scaffolds and dermal substitutes, which are naturally derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Ansari M. Bone tissue regeneration: biology, strategies and interface studies. Prog Biomater 2019; 8:223-237. [PMID: 31768895 PMCID: PMC6930319 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-019-00125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, bone diseases and defects as a result of trauma, cancers, infections and degenerative and inflammatory conditions are increasing. Consequently, bone repair and replacement have been developed with improvement of orthopedic technologies and biomaterials of superior properties. This review paper is intended to sum up and discuss the most relevant studies performed in the field of bone biology and bone regeneration approaches. Therefore, the bone tissue regeneration was investigated by synthetic substitutes, scaffolds incorporating active molecules, nanomedicine, cell-based products, biomimetic fibrous and nonfibrous substitutes, biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) cell-printing substitutes, bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composites, magnetic field and nano-scaffolds with stem cells and bone-biomaterials interface studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran.
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Prajapati SK, Jain A, Jain A, Jain S. Biodegradable polymers and constructs: A novel approach in drug delivery. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kaur A, Midha S, Giri S, Mohanty S. Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1286054. [PMID: 31354835 PMCID: PMC6636521 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1286054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin tissue engineering has attained several clinical milestones making remarkable progress over the past decades. Skin is inhabited by a plethora of cells spatiotemporally arranged in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix, creating a complex microenvironment of cell-matrix interactions. This complexity makes it difficult to mimic the native skin structure using conventional tissue engineering approaches. With the advent of newer fabrication strategies, the field is evolving rapidly. However, there is still a long way before an artificial skin substitute can fully mimic the functions and anatomical hierarchy of native human skin. The current focus of skin tissue engineers is primarily to develop a 3D construct that maintains the functionality of cultured cells in a guided manner over a period of time. While several natural and synthetic biopolymers have been translated, only partial clinical success is attained so far. Key challenges include the hierarchical complexity of skin anatomy; compositional mismatch in terms of material properties (stiffness, roughness, wettability) and degradation rate; biological complications like varied cell numbers, cell types, matrix gradients in each layer, varied immune responses, and varied methods of fabrication. In addition, with newer biomaterials being adopted for fabricating patient-specific skin substitutes, issues related to escalating processing costs, scalability, and stability of the constructs under in vivo conditions have raised some concerns. This review provides an overview of the field of skin regenerative medicine, existing clinical therapies, and limitations of the current techniques. We have further elaborated on the upcoming tissue engineering strategies that may serve as promising alternatives for generating functional skin substitutes, the pros and cons associated with each technique, and scope of their translational potential in the treatment of chronic skin ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amtoj Kaur
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Midha
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibashish Giri
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Savoji H, Godau B, Hassani MS, Akbari M. Skin Tissue Substitutes and Biomaterial Risk Assessment and Testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:86. [PMID: 30094235 PMCID: PMC6070628 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made over the past few decades to develop skin substitutes for the management of acute and chronic wounds. With the advent of tissue engineering and the ability to combine advanced manufacturing technologies with biomaterials and cell culture systems, more biomimetic tissue constructs have been emerged. Synthetic and natural biomaterials are the main constituents of these skin-like constructs, which play a significant role in tissue grafting, the body's immune response, and the healing process. The act of implanting biomaterials into the human body is subject to the body's immune response, and the complex nature of the immune system involves many different cell types and biological processes that will ultimately determine the success of a skin graft. As such, a large body of recent studies has been focused on the evaluation of the performance and risk assessment of these substitutes. This review summarizes the past and present advances in in vitro, in vivo and clinical applications of tissue-engineered skins. We discuss the role of immunomodulatory biomaterials and biomaterials risk assessment in skin tissue engineering. We will finally offer a roadmap for regulating tissue engineered skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brent Godau
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mohsen Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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