1
|
Ma Y, Zheng K, Zhao C, Chen J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Chen T, Yao X, Cai Y, Wu J. Microglia LILRB4 upregulation reduces brain damage after acute ischemic stroke by limiting CD8 + T cell recruitment. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:214. [PMID: 39217343 PMCID: PMC11366150 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) plays a significant role in regulating immune responses. LILRB4 in microglia might influence the infiltration of peripheral T cells. However, whether and how LILRB4 expression aggravates brain damage after acute ischemic stroke remains unclear. This study investigates the role of LILRB4 in modulating the immune response and its potential protective effects against ischemic brain injury in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Microglia-specific LILRB4 conditional knockout (LILRB4-KO) and overexpression transgenic (LILRB4-TG) mice were constructed by a Cre-loxP system. Then, they were used to investigate the role of LILRB4 after ischemic stroke using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model. Spatial transcriptomics analysis revealed increased LILRB4 expression in the ischemic hemisphere. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified microglia-cluster3, an ischemia-associated microglia subcluster with elevated LILRB4 expression in the ischemic brain. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining showed increased CD8+ T cell infiltration into the brain in LILRB4-KO-tMCAO mice. Behavioral tests, cortical perfusion maps, and infarct size measurements indicated that LILRB4-KO-tMCAO mice had more severe functional deficits and larger infarct sizes compared to Control-tMCAO and LILRB4-TG-tMCAO mice. T cell migration assays demonstrated that LILRB4-KD microglia promoted CD8+ T cell recruitment and activation in vitro, which was mitigated by CCL2 inhibition and recombinant arginase-1 addition. The scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics identified CCL2 was predominantly secreted from activated microglia/macrophage and increased CCL2 expression in LILRB4-KD microglia, suggesting a chemokine-mediated mechanism of LILRB4. CONCLUSION LILRB4 in microglia plays a crucial role in modulating the post-stroke immune response by regulating CD8+ T cell infiltration and activation. Knockout of LILRB4 exacerbates ischemic brain injury by promoting CD8+ T cell recruitment. Overexpression of LILRB4, conversely, offers neuroprotection. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting LILRB4 and its downstream pathways to mitigate immune-mediated damage in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Ma
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieli Chen
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuhua Yao
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jialing Wu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Astrocytic glycogen mobilization participates in salvianolic acid B-mediated neuroprotection against reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2021; 349:113966. [PMID: 34973964 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytic glycogen serves as an important glucose reserve, and its degradation provides extra support for neighboring neurons during energy deficiency. Salvianolic acid B (SAB) exerts a neuroprotective effect on reperfusion insult after cerebrovascular occlusion, but the effect of SAB on astrocytic glycogen and its relationship with neuroprotection are not completely understood. Here, we knocked down astrocyte-specific glycogen phosphorylase (GP, the rate-limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis) in vitro and in vivo and investigated the changes in key enzymes in glycogen metabolism by performing immunoblotting in vitro and immunofluorescence in vivo. Neurobehavioral and morphological assessments were conducted to uncover the outcomes during brain reperfusion. SAB accelerated astrocytic glycogenolysis by upregulating GP activity but not GP expression after reperfusion. Suppression of astrocytic glycogenolysis weakened SAB-mediated neuroprotection against the reperfusion insult. In addition, activation of glycogenolysis by SAB contributed to the survival of astrocytes and surrounding neurons by increasing antioxidant levels in astrocytes. Our data reveal that astrocytic GP represents an important metabolic target in SAB-induced protection against brain damage after cerebrovascular recanalization.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang R, Wang J, Huang L, Wang TJ, Huang Y, Li Z, He J, Sun C, Wang J, Chen X, Wang J. The pros and cons of motor, memory, and emotion-related behavioral tests in the mouse traumatic brain injury model. Neurol Res 2021; 44:65-89. [PMID: 34308784 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1956290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a medical emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Motor, memory, and emotion-related deficits are common symptoms following TBI, yet treatment is very limited. To develop new drugs and find new therapeutic avenues, a wide variety of TBI models have been established to mimic the heterogeneity of TBI. In this regard, along with histologic measures, behavioral functional outcomes provide valuable insight into the underlying neuropathology and guide neurorehabilitation efforts for neuropsychiatric impairment after TBI. Development, characterization, and application of behavioral tests that can assess functional neurologic deficits are essential to the development of translational therapies. This comprehensive review aims to summarize 19 common behavioral tests from three aspects (motor, memory, and emotion-related) that are associated with TBI pathology. Discussion covers the apparatus, the test steps, the evaluation indexes, data collection and analysis, animal performance and applications, advantages and disadvantages as well as precautions to eliminate bias wherever possible. We discussed recent studies on TBI-related preconditioning, biomarkers, and optimized behavioral protocols. The neuropsychologic tests employed in clinics were correlated with those used in mouse TBI models. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date reference for TBI researchers to choose the right neurobehavioral protocol according to the research objectives of their translational investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tom J Wang
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, Maryland, USA
| | - Yinrou Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zefu Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxin He
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui H, Yang A, Zhou H, Wang Y, Luo J, Zhou J, Liu T, Li P, Zhou J, Hu E, He Z, Hu W, Tang T. Thrombin-induced miRNA-24-1-5p upregulation promotes angiogenesis by targeting prolyl hydroxylase domain 1 in intracerebral hemorrhagic rats. J Neurosurg 2021; 134:1515-1526. [PMID: 32413855 DOI: 10.3171/2020.2.jns193069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thrombin is a unique factor that triggers post-intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) angiogenesis by increasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) at the protein level. However, HIF-1α mRNA remains unchanged. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate posttranscriptional regulation by suppressing protein translation from mRNAs. This study aimed to determine if miRNAs might be involved in thrombin-induced angiogenesis after ICH by targeting HIF-1α or its upstream prolyl hydroxylase domains (PHDs). METHODS The study was divided into two parts. In part 1, rats received an injection of thrombin into the right globus pallidus. An miRNA array combined with miRNA target prediction, luciferase activity assay, and miRNA mimic/inhibitor transfection were used to identify candidate miRNAs and target genes. Part 2 included experiments 1 and 2. In experiment 1, rats were randomly divided into the sham group, ICH group, and ICH+hirudin-treated (thrombin inhibitor) group. In experiment 2, the rats were randomly divided into the sham group, ICH group, ICH+antagomir group, ICH+antagomir-control group, and ICH+vehicle group. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the expression of protein and miRNA, respectively. The coexpression of miR-24-1-5p (abbreviated to miR-24) and von Willebrand factor was detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis. The angiogenesis was evaluated by double-labeling immunofluorescence. Neurological function was evaluated by body weight, modified Neurological Severity Scores, and corner turn and foot-fault tests. RESULTS In part 1, it was shown that miR-24, which is predicted to target PHD1, was upregulated (fold-change of 1.83) after thrombin infusion, and that the miR-24 mimic transfection decreased luciferase activity and downregulated PHD1 expression (p < 0.05). miR-24 inhibitor transfection increased PHD1 expression (p < 0.05). In part 2, it was shown that miR-24 was expressed in endothelial cells. The HIF-1α protein level and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive (PCNA+) nuclei in vessels were increased, while the PHD1 protein level was decreased after ICH, and these effects were reversed by hirudin (p < 0.05). The antagomiR-24-treated rats exhibited a markedly lower body weight and significantly poorer recovery from neurological deficit compared with those in ICH groups (p < 0.05). AntagomiR-24 intervention also led to lower miR-24 expression, a higher PHD1 protein level, and fewer PCNA+ nuclei in vessels compared with those in ICH groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that thrombin reduces HIF-1α degradation and initiates angiogenesis by increasing miR-24, which targets PHD1 after ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Yang
- 2Department of Neurology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou; and
| | - Huajun Zhou
- 3Institute of Neurology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Wang
- 1Institute of Integrative Medicine and
| | | | - Jun Zhou
- 4Institute of Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Tao Liu
- 1Institute of Integrative Medicine and
| | | | - Jing Zhou
- 1Institute of Integrative Medicine and
| | - En Hu
- 1Institute of Integrative Medicine and
| | - Zehui He
- 1Institute of Integrative Medicine and
| | - Wang Hu
- 1Institute of Integrative Medicine and
| | - Tao Tang
- 1Institute of Integrative Medicine and
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park G, Suh JH, Han SJ. Transcranial direct current stimulation for balance and gait in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in rats. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:26. [PMID: 33865318 PMCID: PMC8052850 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance impairment and lack of postural orientation are serious problems in patients with repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) can improve balance control and gait in repetitive mTBI rat models. METHODS In this prospective animal study, 65 repetitive mTBI rats were randomly assigned to two groups: the tDCS group and the control group. To create repetitive mTBI model rats, we induced mTBI in the rats for 3 consecutive days. The tDCS group received one session of anodal tDCS over the M1 area 24 h after the third induced mTBI, while the control group did not receive tDCS treatment. Motor-evoked potential (MEP), foot-fault test, and rotarod test were evaluated before mTBI, before tDCS and after tDCS. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to assess the effects of variables between the two groups. RESULTS Anodal tDCS over the M1 area significantly improved the amplitude of MEP in the tDCS group (p = 0.041). In addition, rotarod duration was significantly increased in the tDCS group (p = 0.001). The foot-fault ratio was slightly lower in the tDCS group, however, this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Anodal tDCS at the M1 area could significantly improve the amplitude of MEP and balance function in a repetitive mTBI rat model. We expect that anodal tDCS would have the potential to improve balance in patients with repetitive mTBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gahee Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 An-Yang-Cheon Ro, Yang-Cheon Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Suh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 An-Yang-Cheon Ro, Yang-Cheon Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, 20, Seohyeon-ro 180 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13590, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Jeong Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 An-Yang-Cheon Ro, Yang-Cheon Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cai Y, Guo H, Fan Z, Zhang X, Wu D, Tang W, Gu T, Wang S, Yin A, Tao L, Ji X, Dong H, Li Y, Xiong L. Glycogenolysis Is Crucial for Astrocytic Glycogen Accumulation and Brain Damage after Reperfusion in Ischemic Stroke. iScience 2020; 23:101136. [PMID: 32446205 PMCID: PMC7240195 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic glycogen is an important energy reserve in the brain and is believed to supply fuel during energy crisis. However, the pattern of glycogen metabolism in ischemic stroke and its potential therapeutic impact on neurological outcomes are still unknown. Here, we found extensive brain glycogen accumulation after reperfusion in ischemic stroke patients and primates. Glycogenolytic dysfunction in astrocytes is responsible for glycogen accumulation, caused by inactivation of the protein kinase A (PKA)-glycogen phosphorylase kinase (PhK)-glycogen phosphorylase (GP) cascade accompanied by the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). Genetic or pharmacological augmentation of astrocytic GP could promote astrocyte and neuron survival and improve neurological behaviors. In addition, we found that insulin exerted a neuroprotective effect, at least in part by rescuing the PKA-PhK-GP cascade to maintain homeostasis of glycogen metabolism during reperfusion. Together, our findings suggest a promising intervention for undesirable outcomes in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ze Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wenhong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Anqi Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Brain Science & Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence & Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Xiao H, Yu X, Deng Y. Minocycline attenuates neurological impairment and regulates iron metabolism in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 682:108302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
8
|
Zhong ZF, Han J, Zhang JZ, Xiao Q, Chen JY, Zhang K, Hu J, Chen LD. Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Behavioral Impairment Involves the Dopaminergic System. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1433. [PMID: 31920641 PMCID: PMC6923222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside, is the main bioactive component of Rhodiola rosea L. Salidroside has prominent anti-stroke effects in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models. However, the underlying mechanisms of its actions are poorly understood. This study examined the anti-stroke effects of salidroside in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced rat model of stroke and its potential mechanisms involving the dopaminergic system. Salidroside administration increased the levels of dopamine (DA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the ipsilateral striatum after induction of transient ischemia, which were assessed using microdialysis with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Furthermore, treatment with salidroside ameliorated neurobehavioral impairment, assessed with the modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), the balance beam test, and the foot fault test. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested that MCAO-induced reduction in monoamine oxidase (MAO) was inhibited by salidroside. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses revealed high level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the ipsilateral striatal caudate putamen (CPu) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, which could be further elevated by salidroside. In addition, salidroside could reverse the decreased immunoreactivity of TH in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). These results suggest that the anti-stroke effects of salidroside in MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion may involve the modulation of monoamine metabolism in the striatum and SNpc, which may be related to the function of the dopaminergic system in the rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yan Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Dian Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Excitatory rubral cells encode the acquisition of novel complex motor tasks. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2241. [PMID: 31113944 PMCID: PMC6529416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The red nucleus (RN) is required for limb control, specifically fine motor coordination. There is some evidence for a role of the RN in reaching and grasping, mainly from lesion studies, but results so far have been inconsistent. In addition, the role of RN neurons in such learned motor functions at the level of synaptic transmission has been largely neglected. Here, we show that Vglut2-expressing RN neurons undergo plastic events and encode the optimization of fine movements. RN light-ablation severely impairs reaching and grasping functions while sparing general locomotion. We identify a neuronal population co-expressing Vglut2, PV and C1QL2, which specifically undergoes training-dependent plasticity. Selective chemo-genetic inhibition of these neurons perturbs reaching and grasping skills. Our study highlights the role of the Vglut2-positive rubral population in complex fine motor tasks, with its related plasticity representing an important starting point for the investigation of mechanistic substrates of fine motor coordination training.
Collapse
|
10
|
Negative geotaxis: An early age behavioral hallmark to VPA rat model of autism. Ann Neurosci 2019; 26:25-31. [PMID: 31975769 PMCID: PMC6894633 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.260106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Negative geotaxis (NG) is an important parameter, commonly used in study of different CNS diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobehavioural change following brain injury was easily identified by negative geotaxis. Purpose Although NG is evaluated in the settings of ASD, most of the studies are conducted for short duration (1-3 day) and the overall trend of acquisition of NG is not evaluated. In this context, we wanted to evaluate the trend of acquisition of negative geotaxis as a behavioural marker of autism in Valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD. Methods Dams in the VPA group were treated with intraperitoneal injections of VPA 600 mg/kg single dose on gestational day 12.5, while the control animals received normal saline of similar volume. Developmental parameters {body weight (PND 8, 10 & 12), body length (PND 4, 5, 6 8, 10), eye opening (PND 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16) and motor development (grid walking test on PND 20)} were monitored. Negative geotaxis test was performed at PND 6, 10, 15 and 17. Results The results of the present experiments demonstrate that VPA exposed rats exhibited delayed developmental parameters, aberration of the pattern of acquisition of negative geotaxis, enhanced negative geotaxis in early postnatal period (PND 6) and enhanced negative geotaxis in absence of visual clues (PND 17). Conclusion NG can be a valuable biomarker in early detection of autistic behavior and in absence of visual clues. The abberant negative geotaxis developmental pattern can serve as a marker to detect ASD. Thus NG can serve as an important early age biomarker of ASD. Further studies are required to validate this finding.
Collapse
|
11
|
Igonina TN, Ragaeva DS, Tikhonova MA, Petrova OM, Herbeck YE, Rozhkova IN, Amstislavskaya TG, Amstislavsky SY. Neurodevelopment and behavior in neonatal OXYS rats with genetically determined accelerated senescence. Brain Res 2018; 1681:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
12
|
Cucarián JD, León LA, Luna GA, Torres MR, Corredor K, Cardenas P. F. CARACTERIZACIÓN TEMPORO-ESPACIAL DEL PATRÓN DE MARCHA EN ROEDORES COMO MODELO ANIMAL DE LESIÓN CEREBRAL CEREBROVASCULAR. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v22n3.65244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
En la investigación sobre movimiento, la experimentación animal ha proporcionado fundamentación científica para la investigación clínica, mejorando procedimientos diagnósticos y de rehabilitación. Lesiones cerebrales en roedores pueden ser usadas para modelar síntomas locomotores, sensoriales y/o cognitivos. Con el propósito de determinar la funcionalidad locomotriz y sensorial en roedores, se han propuesto varios métodos de evaluación y pronóstico clínico para identificar y evaluar adaptaciones estructurales y mecanismos de neuro-recuperación. Esto ha permitido que métodos de intervención terapéutica, como el ejercicio físico, sean utilizados para restaurar funciones sensitivo-motoras y cognitivas en roedores y humanos. La extrapolación (translación) de los resultados de investigaciones en ciencias básicas a áreas clínicas supone la continua cooperación y retroalimentación entre investigadores y profesionales de la salud, favoreciendo la formulación de intervenciones terapéuticas más eficaces basadas en resultados obtenidos de la experimentación animal. El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer las principales deficiencias motoras y los métodos empleados para determinar la dificultad motriz en la marcha en roedores con lesión cerebrovascular, para lo cual se realizó una revisión de literatura, sobre términos definidos (MeSH), en las bases de datos PsychINFO, Medline y Web of Science, entre enero de 2000 y enero de 2017. Se excluyeron artículos de carácter cualitativo o narrativo, sin revisión por pares, disertaciones, tesis o trabajos de grado y resúmenes de conferencias. Se revisan algunas manifestaciones clínicas, su efecto en la locomotricidad en roedores, algunas metodologías usadas para generar lesiones y para estudiar la función motriz, los principales métodos de medición y algunos aspectos translacionales.
Collapse
|
13
|
Soares RO, Horiquini-Barbosa E, Almeida SS, Lachat JJ. Environmental enrichment protects spatial learning and hippocampal neurons from the long-lasting effects of protein malnutrition early in life. Behav Brain Res 2017; 335:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
14
|
AAV-KLF7 Promotes Descending Propriospinal Neuron Axonal Plasticity after Spinal Cord Injury. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1621629. [PMID: 28884027 PMCID: PMC5572611 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1621629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
DPSN axons mediate and maintain a variety of normal spinal functions. Unsurprisingly, DPSN tracts have been shown to mediate functional recovery following SCI. KLF7 could contribute to CST axon plasticity after spinal cord injury. In the present study, we assessed whether KLF7 could effectively promote DPSN axon regeneration and synapse formation following SCI. An AAV-KLF7 construct was used to overexpress KLF7. In vitro, KLF7 and target proteins were successfully elevated and axonal outgrowth was enhanced. In vivo, young adult C57BL/6 mice received a T10 contusion followed by an AAV-KLF7 injection at the T7–9 levels above the lesion. Five weeks later, overexpression of KLF7 was expressed in DPSN. KLF7 and KLF7 target genes (NGF, TrkA, GAP43, and P0) were detectably increased in the injured spinal cord. Myelin sparring at the lesion site, DPSN axonal regeneration and synapse formation, muscle weight, motor endplate morphology, and functional parameters were all additionally improved by KLF7 treatment. Our findings suggest that KLF7 promotes DPSN axonal plasticity and the formation of synapses with motor neurons at the caudal spinal cord, leading to improved functional recovery and further supporting the potential of AAV-KLF7 as a therapeutic agent for spinal cord injury.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim HJ, Han SJ. A simple rat model of mild traumatic brain injury: a device to reproduce anatomical and neurological changes of mild traumatic brain injury. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2818. [PMID: 28070456 PMCID: PMC5214841 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury typically involves temporary impairment of neurological function. Previous studies used water pressure or rotational injury for designing the device to make a rat a mild traumatic brain injury model. The objective of this study was to make a simple model of causing mild traumatic brain injury in rats. The device consisted of a free-fall impactor that was targeted onto the rat skull. The weight (175 g) was freely dropped 30 cm to rat’s skull bregma. We installed a safety device made of acrylic panel. To confirm a mild traumatic brain injury in 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, we performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain within 24 h after injury. We evaluated behavior and chemical changes in rats before and after mild traumatic brain injury. The brain MRI did not show high or low signal intensity in 34 rats. The mobility on grid floor was decreased after mild traumatic brain injury. The absolute number of foot-fault and foot-fault ratio were decreased after mild traumatic brain injury. However, the difference of the ratio was a less than absolute number of foot-fault. These results show that the device is capable of reproducing mild traumatic brain injury in rats. Our device can reduce the potential to cause brain hemorrhage and reflect the mechanism of real mild traumatic brain injury compared with existing methods and behaviors. This model can be useful in exploring physiology and management of mild traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jeong Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seonam Hospital, Ewha Womans University Medical Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Naik AA, Patro IK, Patro N. Slow Physical Growth, Delayed Reflex Ontogeny, and Permanent Behavioral as Well as Cognitive Impairments in Rats Following Intra-generational Protein Malnutrition. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:446. [PMID: 26696810 PMCID: PMC4672086 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors including protein malnutrition (PMN) during pre-, neo- and post-natal age have been documented to affect cognitive development and cause increased susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Most studies have addressed either of the three windows and that does not emulate the clinical conditions of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Such data fail to provide a complete picture of the behavioral alterations in the F1 generation. The present study thus addresses the larger window from gestation to F1 generation, a new model of intra-generational PMN. Naive Sprague Dawley (SD) dams pre-gestationally switched to LP (8% protein) or HP (20% protein) diets for 45 days were bred and maintained throughout gestation on same diets. Pups born (HP/LP dams) were maintained on the respective diets post-weaningly. The present study aimed to show the sex specific differences in the neurobehavioral evolution and behavioral phenotype of the HP/LP F1 generation pups. A battery of neurodevelopmental reflex tests, behavioral (Open field and forelimb gripstrength test), and cognitive [Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM)] assays were performed. A decelerated growth curve with significantly restricted body and brain weight, delays in apparition of neuro-reflexes and poor performance in the LP group rats was recorded. Intra-generational PMN induced poor habituation-with-time in novel environment exploration, low anxiety and hyperactive like profile in open field test in young and adult rats. The study revealed poor forelimb neuromuscular strength in LP F1 pups till adulthood. Group occupancy plots in MWM test revealed hyperactivity with poor learning, impaired memory retention and integration, thus modeling the signs of early onset Alzehemier phenotype. In addition, a gender specific effect of LP diet with severity in males and favoring female sex was also noticed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz A Naik
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India ; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India
| | - Ishan K Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India ; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India
| |
Collapse
|