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Zhou Z, Wu C, Hu Z, Chai Y, Chen K, Asakawa T. Effects of white Gaussian noise on dynamic balance in healthy young adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5455. [PMID: 33750856 PMCID: PMC7943824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known that short-time auditory stimulation can contribute to the improvement of the balancing ability of the human body. The present study aims to explore the effects of white Gaussian noise (WGN) of different intensities and frequencies on dynamic balance performance in healthy young adults. A total of 20 healthy young participants were asked to stand at a dynamic balance force platform, which swung along the x-axis with an amplitude of ± 4° and frequency of 1 Hz. Their center of pressure (COP) trajectories were recorded when they were stimulated by WGN of different intensities (block 1) and different frequencies (block 2). A traditional method and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were used for data preprocessing. The authors found that only with 75–85 dB WGN, the COP parameters improved. WGN frequency did not affect the dynamic balance performance of all the participants. The DFA results indicated stimulation with 75 dB WGN enhanced the short-term index and reduced the crossover point. Stimulation with 500 Hz and 2500 Hz WGN significantly enhanced the short-term index. These results suggest that 75 dB WGN and 500 Hz and 2500 Hz WGN improved the participants’ dynamic balance performance. The results of this study indicate that a certain intensity of WGN is indispensable to achieve a remarkable improvement in dynamic balance. The DFA results suggest that WGN only affected the short-term persistence, indicating the potential of WGN being considered as an adjuvant therapy in low-speed rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyou Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No.1158, Xiasha 2nd Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Can Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No.1158, Xiasha 2nd Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yujuan Chai
- Health Science Center, School of Medical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, No.1158, Xiasha 2nd Street, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-City, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan. .,Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Zelechowska A, Gonzalez-Sanchez VE, Laeng B, Jensenius AR. Headphones or Speakers? An Exploratory Study of Their Effects on Spontaneous Body Movement to Rhythmic Music. Front Psychol 2020; 11:698. [PMID: 32373030 PMCID: PMC7187959 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that music may lead to spontaneous body movement, even when people try to stand still. But are spontaneous movement responses to music similar if the stimuli are presented using headphones or speakers? This article presents results from an exploratory study in which 35 participants listened to rhythmic stimuli while standing in a neutral position. The six different stimuli were 45 s each and ranged from a simple pulse to excerpts from electronic dance music (EDM). Each participant listened to all the stimuli using both headphones and speakers. An optical motion capture system was used to calculate their quantity of motion, and a set of questionnaires collected data about music preferences, listening habits, and the experimental sessions. The results show that the participants on average moved more when listening through headphones. The headphones condition was also reported as being more tiresome by the participants. Correlations between participants' demographics, listening habits, and self-reported body motion were observed in both listening conditions. We conclude that the playback method impacts the level of body motion observed when people are listening to music. This should be taken into account when designing embodied music cognition studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zelechowska
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor E Gonzalez-Sanchez
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bruno Laeng
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Refsum Jensenius
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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