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Andrade-Lara KE, Serrano Huete V, Atero Mata E, Párraga Montilla JA, Herrador Sánchez J, Moreno Marín A, Martínez Redondo M, Pozas DM, Salas Sánchez J, Lucena Zurita M, Cabrera Linares JC, Latorre Román PÁ. Validation of an Eye-Foot Coordination Assessment Tool for Children in Dual-Task Condition. J Clin Med 2024; 14:172. [PMID: 39797255 PMCID: PMC11721327 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2024] [Revised: 12/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Eye-foot coordination is essential in sports and daily life, enabling the synchronization of vision and movement for tasks like ball control or crossing obstacles. This study aimed to examine both the validity and reliability of an innovative eye-foot coordination (EFC) test in a dual-task paradigm in children aged 6-11 years and the capacity of this test to discriminate between sex and age. Methods: A total of 440 schoolchildren aged 6-11 years participated in this cross-sectional study. A ball control test, involving kicking and catching, was used to assess EFC. The assessment included three conditions: without interference (WI), with auditory interference (AI), and with visual interference (VI). Results: The ICCs per the EFC test scores were 0.975 for foot successes (95% CI = 0.961-0.983; p < 0.001) and 0.747 for foot mistakes (95% CI = 0.611-0.835; p < 0.001). The SEM for the standing successes was 3.082 (10.81%), and the MDC was 4.860 (17.05%). For the standing mistakes, the SEM was 1.551 (19.33%) and the MDC was 3.452 (43.04%). Moreover, boys had a significantly higher number of successes in the WI, AI, and VI conditions (p < 0.001, respectively) than girls, although girls had more mistakes than boys only in the VI condition (p = 0.025). Conclusions: The EFC test showed adequate reliability and validity. Also, the EFC test showed that performance worsened with interference regardless of sex and age, especially in girls in the VI condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Elizabeth Andrade-Lara
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (K.E.A.-L.); (E.A.M.); (J.A.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (P.Á.L.R.)
| | - Víctor Serrano Huete
- Department of Physical Education Didactics and Health, International University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (V.S.H.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Eva Atero Mata
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (K.E.A.-L.); (E.A.M.); (J.A.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (P.Á.L.R.)
| | - Juan Antonio Párraga Montilla
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (K.E.A.-L.); (E.A.M.); (J.A.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (P.Á.L.R.)
| | - Julio Herrador Sánchez
- Department of Sports and Computer Sciences, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Asensio Moreno Marín
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (K.E.A.-L.); (E.A.M.); (J.A.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (P.Á.L.R.)
| | | | - Daniel Manjón Pozas
- Escuelas Profesionales de la Sagrada Familia, 23400 Úbeda, Spain; (D.M.P.); (M.L.Z.)
| | - Jesús Salas Sánchez
- Department of Physical Education Didactics and Health, International University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (V.S.H.); (J.S.S.)
- Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 1090, Chile
| | - Manuel Lucena Zurita
- Escuelas Profesionales de la Sagrada Familia, 23400 Úbeda, Spain; (D.M.P.); (M.L.Z.)
| | - José Carlos Cabrera Linares
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (K.E.A.-L.); (E.A.M.); (J.A.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (P.Á.L.R.)
| | - Pedro Ángel Latorre Román
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (K.E.A.-L.); (E.A.M.); (J.A.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (P.Á.L.R.)
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