1
|
Kojima W, Nakakura T, Fukuda A, Lin C, Harada M, Hashimoto Y, Kawachi A, Suhama S, Yamamoto R. Latitudinal cline of larval growth rate and its proximate mechanisms in a rhinoceros beetle. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kojima
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Tatsunori Nakakura
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Ayumi Fukuda
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Chung‐Ping Lin
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Masahiro Harada
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Aika Kawachi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Shiho Suhama
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montreuil O, Candet C, Bonaccorso A, Szczepanski CR, Orange F, Godeau RP, Guittard F, Darmanin T, Godeau G. Micro- and nanoscopic observations of sexual dimorphisms in Mecynorhina polyphemus confluens (Kraatz, 1890) (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae, Goliathini) and consequences for surface wettability. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2019; 49:10-18. [PMID: 30721756 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the animal kingdom, macroscopic variations in size, color, and even hairiness are frequently observed between male and female, making the sex of various species easy to discern. In the case of insects, similar variances also exist. While direct observation is a quick and efficient way to differentiate between sexes, there are also variations which are unseen to the naked eye and occur on a micro- or nanoscopic scale. Sometimes, these micro/nanoscopic variations can lead to significant variations in surface properties as a function of sex. Such is the case for the Mecynorhina polyphemus confluens (Kraatz, 1890). In this work, we characterize these micro- and nanoscale differences, and describe their impact on the surface properties (e.g. wettability). It is found that water interacts quite differently with the surface of the cuticle of Mecynorhina polyphenus confluens, depending on the specimen sex. On a female, water spreads readily across the elytra indicating hydrophilic behavior. However, on the surface of the male elytra, strong hydrophobicity is observed. Microscopic observations reveal differences in microscale surface morphology across the male and female cuticle. These observations contribute to a better, global understanding of the wettability behavior observed on M. polyphemus confluens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Montreuil
- UMR 7179 MNHN/CNRS, MECADEV, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Entomologie, CP 50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | - Caroline R Szczepanski
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 602028, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Guilhem Godeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, IMREDD, 06200, Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vendl T, Šípek P, Kouklík O, Kratochvíl L. Hidden complexity in the ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in male-larger beetles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5871. [PMID: 29650984 PMCID: PMC5897324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread among animals, but its developmental mechanisms are not fully undestood. We investigated the proximate causes of SSD in three male-larger and one monomorphic scarab beetles using detailed monitoring of growth in individual instars. Apart from the finding that SSD in all three male-larger species started to develop already in the first larval instar, we generally found a high variability in SSD formation among the species as well as among instars. Overall, sexual differences in developmental time, average growth rate, as well as in the shape of the growth trajectory seem to be the mechanisms responsible for SSD ontogeny in scarab beetles. In the third instar, when the larvae attain most of their mass, the males had a similar or even lower instantaneous growth rate than females and SSD largely developed as a consequence of a longer period of rapid growth in males even in cases when the sexes did not differ in the total duration of this instar. Our results demonstrate that a detailed approach, examining not only the average growth rate and developmental time, but also the shape of the growth trajectory, is necessary to elucidate the complex development of SSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vendl
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Praha 2, Czech Republic. .,Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 16106, Praha 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Šípek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kouklík
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vendl T, Šípek P. Immature stages of giants: morphology and growth characteristics of Goliathus Lamarck, 1801 larvae indicate a predatory way of life (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae). Zookeys 2016:25-44. [PMID: 27829788 PMCID: PMC5090161 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.619.8145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The third larval instar of Goliathusgoliatus (Drury, 1770), Goliathusorientalis Moser, 1909 and Goliathusalbosignatus Boheman, 1857 are described and illustrated for the first time and compared with the immature stages of other Cetoniinae. Larval development of Goliathusgoliatus is investigated under laboratory conditions, with particular emphasis on food requirements. These results support the obligatory requirement of proteins in the larval diet. The association between larval morphological traits (e. g., the shape of the mandibles and pretarsus, presence of well-developed stemmata) and larval biology is discussed. Based on observations and the data from captive breeds it is concluded that a possible shift from pure saprophagy to an obligatory predaceous way of larval life occurred within the larvae of this genus, which may explain why these beetles achieve such an enormous size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vendl
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šípek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vendl T, Kratochvíl L, Šípek P. Ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in the hornless rose chafer Pachnoda marginata (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:481-488. [PMID: 27470929 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Beetles of the subfamily Cetoniinae are distinct and well-known, yet their larval ontogeny, sexual size dimorphism and development remain unknown in most species. This group contains many species with large males with prominent secondary sexual structures, such as cephalic or pronotal horns and elongated forelimbs. The species studied here, Pachnoda marginata, belongs to those species without any obvious dimorphism, the males being almost indistinguishable from the females. In this paper we examine sexual dimorphism in body shape and size in this apparently 'non-dimorphic' species. We further investigate the larval development and proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism, in particular when and how the sexes diverge in their growth trajectories during ontogeny. We found that males are larger than females and that the sexes also differ in body shape - for example, males possess significantly longer forelimbs relative to body size than females. The male-biased sexual size dimorphism along with prolonged forelimbs suggests that sexual selection for larger males may not be limited merely to horned species of rose chafers. The dimorphism in size in P. marginata arises during the second larval instar and basically remains unchanged till maturity. In both sexes the maximum body mass as well as developmental time of particular larval instars were strongly correlated, but time spent in the pupal chamber was not related to previous growth and final body size. The correlation between developmental time and adult size was negative, which may be a reflection of differences in resource allocation or utilisation for growth and development among individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vendl
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 12844 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 12844 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šípek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 12844 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|