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Yu S, Zhang F, Little TD. Measuring the rate of psychological growth and examining its antecedents: A growth curve modeling approach. J Pers 2024; 92:530-547. [PMID: 37208805 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Humanistic psychologists have conceptualized a tendency among humans to experience continual open-ended psychological growth. This study aims to measure the rate at which one grows psychologically using a novel growth curve modeling approach that addresses previous limitations. We also examine the effects of nine potential contributors to growth identified from the literature. METHOD Throughout the freshman year, 556 college students responded six times. Increments of growth were added up to create cumulative growth, which was then fit to a growth curve model to produce an estimate of the growth rate. The growth rate was then regressed on the Time 1 predictors to examine their unique effects. RESULTS Models fit well. Five predictors significantly predicted the growth rate after controlling for the average of other predictors. When all predictors were entered simultaneously, three predictors (hope, meaning, and personal growth initiative) showed significant unique effects. The growth rate predicted well-being and satisfaction at Time 6. CONCLUSION We successfully measured the rate of psychological growth and examined its antecedents. Follow-up analyses suggested that the predictors not showing unique effects may indirectly predict growth rates via the proximal role of the three significant predictors, an idea that awaits future corroboration using within-individual designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu
- Applied Psychology Program, School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Psychological Health Center, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, China
| | - Todd D Little
- Educational Psychology, Leadership, & Counseling, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Yang F, Oka T. Free from your experiences to grow: belief in free will moderates the relationship between attachment avoidance and personal growth initiative. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:243. [PMID: 37620912 PMCID: PMC10463692 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment theory proposes that attachment security facilitates personal growth. However, attachment security origins in relationship history, and thus, how people treat their experiences may influence the outcomes of attachment security. People differ in the degree in believing that human beings have free will, and belief in free will may influence the relationship between experiences and outcomes. The present cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between attachment security, belief in free will, and personal growth initiative. METHODS We used the cross-sectional data of 346 Chinese college students for data analysis, including correlational analyses, regression, and moderation analyses. The nine-item Chinese version of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Scale, the sixteen-item Chinese version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II, and the seven-item Free Will subscale of the Chinese version of the Free Will and Determinism Plus Scale were utilized. RESULTS Results showed attachment avoidance and belief in free will, not attachment anxiety, was associated with personal growth initiative. Belief in free will moderated the association between attachment avoidance and personal growth initiative. When the centered score of belief in free will was higher than 0.64, attachment avoidance was no longer associated with personal growth initiative. 85.84% of our data were below this Johnson-Neyman significance region, and 14.16% were above. In other words, only those who scored higher than 0.64 on free will beliefs were able to pursue personal growth despite their high attachment avoidance. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that when believing in free will, avoidantly attached people may believe in their ability to pursue personal growth and think their future has more possibilities, not influenced by other factors like social support, which they think they lack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-chōme-25-40, Sakurajōsui, Setagaya City, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
- Graduate School of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 1-24-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8644, Japan
| | - Takashi Oka
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-chōme-25-40, Sakurajōsui, Setagaya City, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan.
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Neikirk K, Barongan T, Rolle T, Garza Lopez E, Marshall A, Beasley HK, Crabtree A, Spencer EC, Shuler H, Martinez D, Murray S, Vang C, Jenkins F, Damo S, Vue Z. Using quotients as a mentor to facilitate the success of underrepresented students. Pathog Dis 2023; 81:ftad008. [PMID: 37156509 PMCID: PMC10255757 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Choosing a mentor requires a certain level of introspection for both the mentor and the mentee. The dynamics of mentorship may change depending on the academic status of the mentee. Regardless, mentors should help their trainees grow both academically and professionally. The success of an individual in the fields of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) depends on more than intellectual capacity; a holistic view encompassing all factors that contribute to scientific achievement is all-important. Specifically, one new method scientists can adopt is quotients, which are scales and techniques that can be used to measure aptitude in a specific area. In this paper, we focus on these factors and how to grow one's adversity quotient (AQ), social quotient (SQ), and personal growth initiative scale (PGIS). We also look at how mentors can better understand the biases of their trainees. In addressing this, mentors can help trainees become more visible and encourage other trainees to become allies through reducing biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Taylor Barongan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Tiffany Rolle
- American Society of Human Genetics, Rockville, MD 20852, United States
- National Genome Institute, National Human Research Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, United States
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, United States
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Elsie C Spencer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Haysetta Shuler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States
| | - Denise Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Sandra Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Chia Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
- Counseling and Guidance, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM 87701, United States
| | - Felysha Jenkins
- Department of Basic Sciences, Office of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Steven Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, United States
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
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Weiguo Z, Wen D, Qingtian L, Xinning W, Ming Z. Compared with Him or Her, I Am Not Good Enough: How to Alleviate Depression Due to Upward Social Comparison? THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:512-534. [PMID: 35981236 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study primarily aims to examine the mediating role of core self-evaluation and the moderating role of personal growth initiative (PGI) in the relationship between upward social comparison and senior high school students' depression and to explore the gender difference in this association. A total of 721 Chinese senior high school students (61.16% boys; M = 16.21 years, SD = 1.07) completed measures of upward social comparison, core self-evaluation, personal growth initiative, and depression. Results showed a significant positive correlation between upward social comparison and depression. Core self-evaluation partially mediated this association, and a gender difference in the indirect effect was revealed; that is, the effect was shown to be stronger for girls than for boys. Moreover, for boys, the mediating effect of core self-evaluation was moderated by PGI, and the effect was more potent for individuals with high PGI than for those with low PGI. However, no moderating effect of PGI on the indirect effect was found for girls. These findings suggest that prevention and interventions focusing on reducing upward social comparison and enhancing core self-evaluation may alleviate adolescents' depression symptoms and that more attention should be given to girls with low core self-evaluation and boys with high PGI.
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Mousa Almatar N, Jayawickreme N, Foote WG, Demaske A, Jayawickreme E. Examining associations between personal growth initiative and subjective trajectories of life satisfaction among survivors of ethnopolitical violence in Rwanda and Sri Lanka. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 15:499-515. [PMID: 35855652 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Does personal growth initiative (PGI)-the tendency to be proactive about one's personal development-impact adaptive beliefs about life quality among survivors of mass violence, such as ethnopolitical warfare or genocidal violence? One-hundred-and-twenty-three survivors of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and 179 Tamil individuals affected by the civil war in Sri Lanka completed assessments of PGI, satisfaction with one's past life, current life satisfaction, and anticipated future life satisfaction. High levels of PGI were associated with an adaptive inclining trajectory of life satisfaction (Past < Present < Future) in both samples. These results indicate that PGI is associated with adaptive beliefs about one's identity and well-being among war-affected populations, and supports future interventions targeting PGI among those communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alana Demaske
- Department of Psychology & Program for Leadership and Character, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eranda Jayawickreme
- Department of Psychology & Program for Leadership and Character, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Chen Y, Guo Y. Self-control mediation on the relationship between personal growth initiative and smartphone addiction among Chinese university students. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2021.2017154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Chen
- School of Education Science, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Yungui Guo
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
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Zhang Y, Carciofo R. Assessing the wellbeing of Chinese university students: validation of a Chinese version of the college student subjective wellbeing questionnaire. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:69. [PMID: 33933167 PMCID: PMC8088553 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the rising concern with promoting the wellbeing of university students and relative lack of domain-specific wellbeing measurement instruments in China, the current study aimed to validate a Chinese version of the College Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire (CSSWQ), a 16-item self-report English-language rating scale assessing four aspects of wellbeing (academic satisfaction, academic efficacy, school connectedness, and college gratitude). METHODS The Chinese translation of the CSSWQ, the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the 10-Item Big Five Personality Inventory, and demographic questions were completed by 252 Chinese students at a university in Suzhou, China. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis found four factors each with the same four items as in the original English scale. Each subscale showed good internal consistency. Test-retest for a one-month interval showed generally moderate reliability. As predicted, Pearson correlational analysis found positive correlations between the Chinese CSSWQ and life satisfaction, positive affect, extraversion, and GPA, and negative correlations with neuroticism and negative affect. Monthly income had small negative correlations with academic satisfaction and academic efficacy, smoking had a small positive correlation with school connectedness, and exercise had a small positive correlation with academic efficacy. CONCLUSION Data for the Chinese CSSWQ in the current study showed validity and reliability, supporting the use of this instrument as a measurement of college student wellbeing in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Richard Carciofo
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Matsuo M. Promoting employee’s self‐change skills: The role of job characteristics, goal clarity and learning goals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijtd.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsuo
- Graduate School of Economics and Business Administration Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan
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Self-Compassion as a Mediator Between Perfectionism and Personal Growth Initiative. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-020-00566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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10
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Chen P, Xin M, Xie Q, Wei C, Yu C, Gan X, Xie X, Zhang W. Cyberbullying Victimization and Adolescent Drinking Behavior: Deviant Peer Affiliation as a Mediator and Personal Growth Initiative as a Moderator. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:572530. [PMID: 33192698 PMCID: PMC7541832 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated a robust positive association between cyberbullying victimization and adolescent drinking behavior; however, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain largely unexplored. Grounded in the social development model and person-environment interactions model, our study explored whether deviant peer affiliation mediated the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and adolescent drinking behavior and whether this mediating effect was moderated by personal growth initiative. A sample of 1,006 adolescents (Mage = 13.16 years; SD = 0.67) anonymously completed self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling indicated that the positive association between cyberbullying victimization and drinking behavior was partly mediated by deviant peer affiliation for both girls and boys. Further, this mediating process was stronger for adolescents with low personal growth initiative than for those with high personal growth initiative. There were no significant gender differences for this moderating effect. These findings underline the importance of deviant peer affiliation and personal growth initiative in understanding how and when cyberbullying victimization impacts adolescent drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mucheng Xin
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Wei
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Gan
- School of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Human Resources Department, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Chang EC, Yang H, Yi S, Xie F, Liu J, Ren H, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wu R, Lin Y, Li M, Wu K, Ip K, Lucas AG, Chang OD. Is personal growth initiative associated with later life satisfaction in Chinese college students? A 15‐week prospective analysis. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Chang
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | | | | | - Fei Xie
- Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | | | | | | | | | - Runzhe Wu
- Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | | | - Mingqi Li
- DePaul University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Kaidi Wu
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Ka Ip
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Abigael G. Lucas
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Olivia D. Chang
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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Weigold IK, Boyle RA, Weigold A, Antonucci SZ, Mitchell HB, Martin-Wagar CA. Personal Growth Initiative in the Therapeutic Process: An Exploratory Study. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000018774541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Personal growth initiative (PGI), an individual’s active and intentional engagement in the growth process, was originally developed as a potentially useful construct in therapy. Although it has repeatedly been related to psychological well-being and distress, few studies have examined PGI in clinical samples. The current study investigated the role of PGI in a sample of 295 clients at a community-serving training clinic. Data were collected at two time points. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a second-order model with four first-order PGI factors: Readiness for Change, Planfulness, Using Resources, and Intentional Behavior. Using cross-lagged panel analysis, PGI at Time 1 was found to predict psychological distress endorsed at Time 2 after accounting for distress at Time 1.
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Borowa D, Kossakowska MM, Harmon KA, Robitschek C. Personal growth initiative’s relation to life meaning and satisfaction in a polish sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a Polish version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale - II (PGIS-II; Robitschek et al. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(2), 274–287, 2012). The PGIS-II assesses skills for intentional cognitive, behavioral, or affective change in one’s life. These skills may promote positive mental health (Robitschek and Hershberger Journal of Counseling & Development, 83(4), 457–469, 2005) that could benefit Polish individuals following cultural and political transformation since the late 1980’s when Poland regained sovereignty from communism (Muszczynski 2015). The second aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that Personal Growth Initiative (Robitschek Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 30, 183–198, 1998, Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 31, 197–210, 1999) may be related to life satisfaction indirectly via presence of meaning in life. Participants were 530 Polish citizens (65.1% female) aged 15–84. Participants completed the PGIS-II (Polish version) and measures to assess construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 4-factor structure similar to the original PGIS-II structure, with slight differences in item loadings. Internal consistency estimates for the scale and subscales were adequate to strong. PGIS-II (Polish version) scores correlated positively with measures of well-being, providing evidence for concurrent validity of the scale. There was a significant indirect effect of PGI’s relationship with life satisfaction via presence of meaning in life. The Polish version of the PGIS-II shows sound psychometric properties and may be used with Polish populations.
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The relationship between personal growth and psychological functioning in individuals treated in a partial hospital setting. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:1759-1774. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chang EC, Yang H. Personal and family growth initiative as predictors of study engagement in Chinese and American college students: Is there any evidence for group differences? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yang H, Chang EC. Is the PGIS-II redundant with the Hope Scale?: Evidence for the utility of the PGIS-II in predicting psychological adjustment in adults. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lei Y, Duan C. Relationships among Chinese college students’ defensive pessimism, cultural values, and psychological health. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2015.1099516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Çelik E. Mediating and moderating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between student academic support and personal growth initiative. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1038416215583563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of the current study was to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of the academic self-efficacy in the relationship between student academic support and personal growth initiative. The Turkish version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale, the Student Academic Support Scale, and the Academic Self-efficacy Scale were administrated to a sample of 237 university students, between the ages of 18 and 23. The present study showed that academic self-efficacy and student academic support were positively related to personal growth initiative. Regression-based mediation analysis indicated that the effect of student academic support on personal growth initiative was mediated by academic self-efficacy. However, the effect of student academic support on personal growth initiative was not moderated by academic self-efficacy. These findings suggested that the student academic support was both direct and indirect effects on personal growth initiative.
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