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Dune T, Chimoriya R, Caputi P, MacPhail C, Olcon K, Ogbeide A. White and non-White Australian mental health care practitioners' desirable responding, cultural competence, and racial/ethnic attitudes. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:119. [PMID: 35526020 PMCID: PMC9080170 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Racial, ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity in Australia is rapidly increasing. Although Indigenous Australians account for only approximately 3.5% of the country’s population, over 50% of Australians were born overseas or have at least one migrant parent. Migration accounts for over 60% of Australia’s population growth, with migration from Asia, Sub-Saharan African and the Americas increasing by 500% in the last decade. Little is known about Australian mental health care practitioners’ attitudes toward this diversity and their level of cultural competence. Aim Given the relationship between practitioner cultural competence and the mental health outcomes of non-White clients, this study aimed to identify factors that influence non-White and White practitioners’ cultural competence. Methods An online questionnaire was completed by 139 Australian mental health practitioners. The measures included: the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR); the Multicultural Counselling Inventory (MCI); and the Color-blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise participants’ demographic characteristics. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted to identify between-group differences (non-White compared to White practitioners) in cultural competence and racial and ethnic blindness. Correlation analyses were conducted to determine the association between participants’ gender or age and cultural competence. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to predict cultural competence. Results The study demonstrates that non-White mental health practitioners are more culturally aware and have better multicultural counselling relationships with non-White people than their White counterparts. Higher MCI total scores (measuring cultural competence) were associated with older age, greater attendance of cultural competence-related trainings and increased awareness of general and pervasive racial and/or ethnic discrimination. Practitioners with higher MCI total scores were also likely to think more highly of themselves (e.g., have higher self-deceptive positive enhancement scores on the BIDR) than those with lower MCI total scores. Conclusion The findings highlight that the current one-size-fits-all and skills-development approach to cultural competence training ignores the significant role that practitioner diversity and differences play. The recommendations from this study can inform clinical educators and supervisors about the importance of continuing professional development relevant to practitioners’ age, racial/ethnic background and practitioner engagement with prior cultural competence training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe Dune
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Ritesh Chimoriya
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Peter Caputi
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Catherine MacPhail
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Olcon
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Anita Ogbeide
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
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Can We Rely on Self-Assessments of Sense of Coherence? The Effects of Socially Desirable Responding on the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) Responses. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci8100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies in health psychology have shown that sense of coherence (SOC) is an essential factor in wellbeing and health. SOC is most commonly measured with the Antonovsky’s Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ), which has been so far translated into at least 48 languages. Despite the vast popularity of the OLQ, the relationships between OLQ and socially desirable responding (impression management and self-deception) have not been studied. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlations between social desirability and Antonovsky’s OLQ. Method: The first sample consisted of 423 students who completed the 13-item OLQ and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), including the Lie scale. Also, the Balanced Inventory for Desirable Responding by Paulhus was administered together with the OLQ to 202 students. Results: SOC correlated positively with measures of social desirability among men but not among women. Hence, sex moderated the relationship between socially desirable responding and sense of coherence. Conclusions: Socially desirable responding and, especially, self-deception are positively related to high scores in SOC among men but not among women. The OLQ as a measure of sense of coherence can be used among women without worrying about the bias caused by socially desirable responding. When using the OLQ among men, the strong relationship between self-deception and sense of coherence should be taken into account.
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The initial validation of a state version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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de Vries RE, Hilbig BE, Zettler I, Dunlop PD, Holtrop D, Lee K, Ashton MC. Honest People Tend to Use Less-Not More-Profanity: Comment on Feldman et al.'s (2017) Study 1. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2018; 9:516-520. [PMID: 30220959 PMCID: PMC6113711 DOI: 10.1177/1948550617714586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article shows that the conclusion of Feldman et al.'s (2017) Study 1 that profane individuals tend to be honest is most likely incorrect. We argue that Feldman et al.'s conclusion is based on a commonly held but erroneous assumption that higher scores on Impression Management Scales, such as the Lie Scale, are associated with trait dishonesty. Based on evidence from studies that have investigated (1) self-other agreement on Impression Management Scales, (2) the relation of Impression Management Scales with personality variables, and (3) the relation of Impression Management Scales with objective measures of cheating, we show that high scores on Impression Management Scales are associated with high-instead of low-trait honesty when measured in low-stakes conditions. Furthermore, using two data sets that included an "I never swear" item, we show that profanity use is negatively related to other reports of HEXACO honesty-humility and positively related to actual cheating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinout E. de Vries
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Patrick D. Dunlop
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Djurre Holtrop
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kibeom Lee
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Feldman G. What Is Honesty? Laypersons Interpret High Lie Scale Scores as Reflecting Intentional Dishonesty: Rejoinder to de Vries et al.’s (2017) Comment on Feldman et al. (2017). SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550617737141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scholars have recently been questioning the original premise of lie scales as measuring dishonesty for social desirability, with some even claiming that lie scales may in fact represent higher honesty (e.g., de Vries et al., 2017 commentary on Feldman, Lian, Kosinski, & Stillwell, 2017). In a preregistered experiment, I examined the relationship between lie scales and honesty by directly assessing laypersons’ perceptions of honesty reflected in lie scales. Overall, laypersons perceived higher lie scale scores as reflecting higher dishonesty and higher lie scale scorers as more intentionally dishonest and socially sensitive, endorsing a negative (and rejecting a positive) relationship between lie scales and honesty. These findings provide empirical support for lie scales as capturing dishonesty. I discuss implications and possible directions for addressing the complexity inherent in the construct of honesty and the need for an integration of the seemingly contradictory findings to advance the debate regarding lie scales and honesty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Feldman
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Mokros Ł, Witusik A, Michalska J, Łężak W, Panek M, Nowakowska-Domagała K, Antczak A, Pietras T. Sleep quality, chronotype, temperament and bipolar features as predictors of depressive symptoms among medical students. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:708-720. [PMID: 28488895 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1316730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of risk factors is a crucial step in the prevention and treatment of affective disorders and should encompass personal dispositions. The aim of this study was to assess the value of chronotype and temperament as independent predictors of depressive symptoms among medical students. The study surveyed 140 students of the Faculty of Medicine with a battery of questionnaires: the Beck Depression Index (BDI), Hypomania Checklist 32 (HCL-32), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Chronotype Questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised. The results were tested using Pearson's correlation quotient and general linear model. Ten percent of the participants demonstrated a BDI score suggestive of clinically significant depressive symptoms. BDI score correlated positively with HCL-32 score. A rise in BDI was independently predicted by elevated Neuroticism and PSQI scores and morningness. Those effects were independent from each other and from other parameters of the model. The presence of depressive symptoms might be associated with bipolar features among medical students. Poor sleep quality predicted depressive symptoms, similarly to Neuroticism and independently of temperament and chronotype. Future studies on the associations between personal dispositions and mood disorders among medical students are required to help identify those at greater risk of developing affective illness. Effective prophylaxis and early intervention are warranted to ensure better treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Mokros
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Andrzej Witusik
- b Department of Psychology , Faculty of Social Sciences, Piotrkow Trybunalski Division, Jan Kochanowski Memorial University of Humanities and Sciences , Piotrkow Trybunalski , Poland
| | - Julia Michalska
- c Clinical Pharmacology Students Scientific Circle, Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Wojciech Łężak
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Michał Panek
- e Department of Internal Medicine , Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała
- f Department of Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology , Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Adam Antczak
- g Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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A longitudinal study on the stability of self-estimated intelligence and its relationship to personality traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Soh L, Jacobs KE. The biasing effect of personality on self-estimates of cognitive abilities in males and females. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Musch J, Ostapczuk M, Klaiber Y. Validating an Inventory for the Assessment of Egoistic Bias and Moralistic Bias as Two Separable Components of Social Desirability. J Pers Assess 2012; 94:620-9. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2012.672505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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The moderating effect of personality on the accuracy of self-estimates of intelligence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vividness of visual imagery and social desirable responding: correlations of the vividness of visual imagery questionnaire with the balanced inventory of desirable responding and the Marlowe-Crowne scale. Behav Res Methods 2012; 43:791-9. [PMID: 21494918 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-011-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Correlational research investigating the relationship between scores on self-report imagery questionnaires and measures of social desirable responding has shown only a weak association. However, researchers have argued that this research may have underestimated the size of the relationship because it relied primarily on the Marlowe-Crowne scale (MC; Crowne & Marlowe, Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-354, 1960), which loads primarily on the least relevant form of social desirable responding for this particular context, the moralistic bias. Here we report the analysis of data correlating the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ; Marks, Journal of Mental Imagery, 19, 153-166, 1973) with the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 2002) and the MC scale under anonymous testing conditions. The VVIQ correlated significantly with the Self-Deceptive Enhancement (SDE) and Agency Management (AM) BIDR subscales and with the MC. The largest correlation was with SDE. The ability of SDE to predict VVIQ scores was not significantly enhanced by adding either AM or MC. Correlations between the VVIQ and BIDR egoistic scales were larger when the BIDR was continuously rather than dichotomously scored. This analysis indicates that the relationship between self-reported imagery and social desirable responding is likely to be stronger than previously thought.
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Karl K, Peluchette J, Schlaegel C. Who's Posting Facebook Faux Pas? A Cross-Cultural Examination of Personality Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2010.00499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ferrando PJ, Anguiano-Carrasco C. Acquiescence and social desirability as item response determinants: An IRT-based study with the Marlowe–Crowne and the EPQ Lie scales. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ferrando PJ. The impact of social desirability bias on the EPQ-R item scores: An item response theory analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Allbutt J, Ling J, Heffernan TM, Shafiullah M. Self-Report Imagery Questionnaire Scores and Subtypes of Social-Desirable Responding. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001.29.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Allbutt, Ling, and Shafiullah (2006) and Allbutt, Shafiullah, and Ling (2006) found that scores on self-report measures of visual imagery experience correlate primarily with the egoistic form of social-desirable responding. Here, three studies are reported which investigated whether this pattern of findings generalized to the ratings of imagery vividness in the auditory modality, a new version of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire ( Marks, 1995 ), and reports of visual thinking style. The measure of social-desirable responding used was the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 2002 ). Correlational analysis replicated the pattern seen in our earlier work and of the correlations with the egoistic bias, the correlation with vividness of visual imagery was largest and significant, the correlation with visual thinking style next largest and approached significance, and the correlation with vividness of auditory imagery was the smallest and not significant. The size of these correlations mirrored the extent to which the three aspects of imagery were valued by participants.
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Reeves SJ, Mehta MA, Montgomery AJ, Amiras D, Egerton A, Howard RJ, Grasby PM. Striatal dopamine (D2) receptor availability predicts socially desirable responding. Neuroimage 2006; 34:1782-9. [PMID: 17188897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in non-human primates has implicated striatal dopamine (D2) receptor function in the expression of social dominance--a fundamental component of social extraversion. We predicted that trait extraversion - indexed by the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) - would correlate with striatal DA (D2) receptor measures - indexed by [(11)C]-Raclopride binding potential (BP) - in 28 healthy post-menopausal females (mean age=75 years; range=58-91 years). Region of interest (ROI) and voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analyses were performed, using a reference tissue model for [(11)C]-Raclopride. ROI analysis showed moderately significant negative correlations between extraversion and BP measures in the left caudate and between psychoticism scores and BP in the right putamen. Unexpectedly, scores on the Lie scale, a measure of socially desirable responding, were significantly and negatively correlated with BP measures in the putamen and survived Bonferroni correction on the right side. After controlling for the potential confounding of self-report bias in high Lie scorers, only the correlation between Lie scores and BP measures in the right putamen remained significant. Voxel-based analysis showed only Lie scores to be significantly and negatively correlated with BP measures in the right putamen. We explored this association further by applying an ROI-based approach to data on a previously scanned sample of young adults (n=13) and found a similar pattern of association, which achieved trend level significance in the right putamen. Although unanticipated, the relationship observed between BP measures in the right putamen and Lie scores is consistent with dopaminergic involvement in socially rewarding behaviour. How this relates to dopaminergic tone will need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Reeves
- Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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Li A, Bagger J. Using the BIDR to Distinguish the Effects of Impression Management and Self-Deception on the Criterion Validity of Personality Measures: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2006.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Santesso DL, Segalowitz SJ, Schmidt LA. ERP correlates of error monitoring in 10-year olds are related to socialization. Biol Psychol 2005; 70:79-87. [PMID: 16168252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Revised: 12/11/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) generates the error-related negativity (ERN or Ne), an event-related potential component that reflects response monitoring and is influenced by individual differences in personality. The present study examined the relation between personality as indexed by the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism, and Lie scale) and the ERN in 10-year-old children. High scores on the Psychoticism and low scores on the Lie scale, which are taken to reflect low socialization in children, were associated with smaller ERNs. Results lend support to previous studies finding this association in adults. We argue that the ERN may be an indirect measure of ACC activity and is affected by one's concern with task performance. The results of the present study extend findings previously reported in adults to a population of normally developing children and show that similar mechanisms of performance monitoring may underlie individual differences in personality across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Santesso
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont., Canada L2S 3A1
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McKelvie SJ. Is the Neuroticism Scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory contaminated by response bias? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Vorgestellt wird die Entwicklung einer deutschsprachigen Version des “Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding“ ( Paulhus, 1994 ), eines zweifaktoriellen Inventars zur Messung sozial erwünschter Antworttendenzen. Die aus einer empirischen Itemselektion resultierende Endfassung besteht aus zwei Skalen mit jeweils 10 Items. Sie erlauben es, zwei unterscheidbare Teilaspekte sozialer Erwünschtheit zu erfassen: Selbst- und Fremdtäuschung. In drei Kreuzvalidierungsstudien zeichneten sich beide Subskalen durch befriedigende psychometrische Kennwerte, eine klare zweifaktorielle Ladungsstruktur und gute konvergente und diskriminante Validität aus.
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Stöber J, Dette DE, Musch J. Comparing continuous and dichotomous scoring of the balanced inventory of desirable responding. J Pers Assess 2002; 78:370-89. [PMID: 12067199 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa7802_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 1994) is a widely used instrument to measure the 2 components of social desirability: self-deceptive enhancement and impression management. With respect to scoring of the BIDR, Paulhus (1994) authorized 2 methods, namely continuous scoring (all answers on the continuous answer scale are counted) and dichotomous scoring (only extreme answers are counted). In this article, we report 3 studies with student samples, and continuous and dichotomous scoring of BIDR subscales are compared with respect to reliability, convergent validity, sensitivity to instructional variations, and correlations with personality. Across studies, the scores from continuous scoring (continuous scores) showed higher Cronbach's alphas than those from dichotomous scoring (dichotomous scores). Moreover, continuous scores showed higher convergent correlations with other measures of social desirability and more consistent effects with self-presentation instructions (fake-good vs. fake-bad instructions). Finally, continuous self-deceptive enhancement scores showed higher correlations with those traits of the Five-factor model for which substantial correlations were expected (i.e., Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness). Consequently, these findings indicate that continuous scoring may be preferable to dichotomous scoring when assessing socially desirable responding with the BIDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Stöber
- Department of Educational Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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