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Dubé S, Beaulieu N, Bergeron S, Lafontaine MF, Péloquin K, Brault-Labbé A, Gosselin P, Brassard A. Do perfectionism, body image concerns, and intimacy predict genitopelvic pain in the postpartum? A prospective study of new mothers. J Sex Med 2024; 21:566-572. [PMID: 38556646 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genitopelvic pain following childbirth is common and likely to challenge the psychological, relational, and sexual well-being of new mothers. While genitopelvic pain generally decreases during the postpartum period, personal and interpersonal characteristics may explain why genitopelvic pain persists beyond the period of physical recovery in some mothers. Body image concerns, increased stress, and relationship challenges would be particularly salient during pregnancy and the postpartum period, which could put new mothers at greater risk of sexual difficulties. Also, mothers may display a negative appraisal regarding genitopelvic pain and doubt their ability to cope with it, which may contribute to the pain. AIM The current study aimed to examine the role of perfectionism, body image concerns, and perceived intimacy in the occurrence and change in genitopelvic pain in new mothers in postpartum. METHODS A total of 211 new mothers and their partners were recruited for a larger prospective dyadic study on the transition to parenthood. OUTCOMES Mothers completed a single item assessing genitopelvic pain, in addition to brief validated questionnaires measuring perfectionism, body image concerns, and perceived couple intimacy during pregnancy and at 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum. RESULTS Five multilevel modeling analyses revealed that adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive perfectionism, and body image concerns were associated with a higher occurrence of genitopelvic pain from 4 to 12 months postpartum. Mothers' and partners' perceived intimacy was not significantly related to new mothers' genitopelvic pain. None of the predictors modified the trajectory of genitopelvic pain over time. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Raising awareness among health care professionals regarding the role of perfectionism and body image concerns in genitopelvic pain may help them identify new mothers at risk of chronic genitopelvic pain, while offering a new avenue of intervention. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS There has been little research examining the role of perfectionism, body image concerns, and intimacy in postpartum genitopelvic pain. Based on a longitudinal prospective approach, this study identified perfectionism and body image concerns as significant predictors of postpartum genitopelvic pain. However, prepregnancy genitopelvic pain, genitopelvic pain intensity, and sexual distress were not measured. CONCLUSION Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and body image concerns are associated with new mothers' genitopelvic pain up to 12 months postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dubé
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Noémie Beaulieu
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | | | - Katherine Péloquin
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Anne Brault-Labbé
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Patrick Gosselin
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Audrey Brassard
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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2
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Wright PJ, Tokunaga RS, Herbenick D, Paul B. Pornography, Sexual Insecurity, and Orgasm Difficulty. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:552-561. [PMID: 34323637 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1958985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While recent meta-analyses have provided answers to a number of historically contentious debates about correlates of pornography use, several questions remain unanswered. Whether pornography is associated with sexual functioning is one such question. Informed by theorizing on sexual scripting, social comparisons, and sexual objectification, the present study examined the possibility that pornography is related to orgasm difficulty through sexual insecurity (i.e., insecurity about one's sexual performance and sexual attractiveness). Data were from the National Survey of Porn Use, Relationships, and Sexual Socialization (NSPRSS), a U.S. population-based probability study. There was an indirect effect of pornography consumption frequency on orgasm difficulty through sexual insecurity. Participants who used pornography more frequently reported higher levels of sexual insecurity, and higher levels of sexual insecurity predicted orgasm difficulty. There was also an indirect effect of partner pressure to view pornography on orgasm difficulty. Higher levels of partner pressure to view pornography were associated with higher levels of sexual insecurity, which in turn predicted orgasm difficulty. Results were indistinguishable by gender and maintained after controlling for a number of potential confounds. These findings suggest that some men and women's personal and (pressured) partnered pornography consumption have the potential to increase orgasm difficulty through bodily and performance insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debby Herbenick
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, the School of Public Health, Indiana University
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3
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Peixoto MM, Ribeiro V. Repetitive Negative Thinking and Sexual Functioning in Portuguese Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:567-576. [PMID: 38596387 PMCID: PMC10903578 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2084201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process involved in the development and maintenance of emotional disorders that negatively affect sexual functioning. However, empirical evidence for the role of RNT on sexual functioning is still lacking. The current study aimed to investigate the role of RNT on sexual functioning in men and women by examining differences in RNT between men and women and between individuals with and without subclinical sexual difficulties. It also aimed to investigate the predictive role of RNT on sexual function indices in men and women. Methods: A total of 424 participants (270 women) completed online a sociodemographic questionnaire and Portuguese versions of the Persistent and Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale, the Female Sexual Functioning Index, and the International Index of Erectile Function. Results: The main findings showed that women scored significantly higher than men on the RNT. Similarly, individuals with subclinical sexual difficulties scored significantly higher on the RNT compared with individuals without sexual difficulties. RNT was a statistically significant and negative predictor of sexual functioning in women and men. The role of RNT on sexual functioning in women and men was found, with men and women with subclinical sexual difficulties more likely to express persistent and intrusive negative thoughts compared with men and women without sexual difficulties. Conclusions: In summary, RNT appears to be a negative predictor of sexual functioning in both women and men, suggesting that individuals with more intrusive and negative persistent thoughts also have more difficulty in their sexual response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Peixoto
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento Positivo, Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Ribeiro
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Rausch D, Rettenberger M. Predictors of Sexual Satisfaction in Women: A Systematic Review. Sex Med Rev 2021; 9:365-380. [PMID: 34099432 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing research interest in sexual satisfaction corresponds to a large amount of studies which focus on different singular determinants without establishing a common model for its explanation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to systematically identify and evaluate the structure and results of the current research about sexual satisfaction in heterosexual women in a long-term relationship. METHODS A systematic literature search using Web of Knowledge, ProQuest and PSYNDEX was conducted from January 2004 to October 2019. In total, 1,649 studies published in the last 15 years were extracted from the databases with a systematic keyword search. Through a multistage evaluation process 204 studies met the inclusion criteria and described findings about sexual satisfaction as dependent variable. RESULTS Research interest in sexual satisfaction increased notably in the last 5 years. Empirical analyses were predominantly based on data from North America whereas a considerably smaller share of research analyzed samples from Europe or Asia. Relationship variables were the most frequently analyzed predictors and included in more than half of the identified studies. Sexual behavior was most often analyzed in the form of frequency of sexual interactions. Contrariwise, sexual practices, communication about sexuality and sexual desire, and sexual thoughts received limited attention. Demographics were considered in one third of all studies. The inclusion of control variables was rare. Some important studies considered variables closely related to sexual satisfaction such as sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSION Relationship satisfaction and the frequency of sexual interactions are identified as the most frequently confirmed predictors of sexual satisfaction across all evaluated studies. Results about the effects of pornography consumption, religion, and relationship duration showed the greatest inconsistency. In general, identified effects were often believed to result from mediator variables like sexual desire or distracting thoughts. Rausch D, Rettenberger M. Predictors of Sexual Satisfaction in Women: A Systematic Review. Sex Med Rev 2021;9:365-380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rausch
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Martin Rettenberger
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Mainz, Germany; Centre for Criminology (Kriminologische Zentralstelle - KrimZ), Wiesbaden, Germany.
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5
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The moderator role of neuroticism in the relationship between sexual thoughts and affective response during sexual activity, and sexual functioning: A study with heterosexual and lesbian women. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Horvath Z, Smith BH, Sal D, Hevesi K, Rowland DL. Body Image, Orgasmic Response, and Sexual Relationship Satisfaction: Understanding Relationships and Establishing Typologies Based on Body Image Satisfaction. Sex Med 2020; 8:740-751. [PMID: 32727690 PMCID: PMC7691887 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explored the role of body image dissatisfaction on orgasmic response during partnered sex and masturbation and on sexual relationship satisfaction. The study also described typologies of women having different levels of body image satisfaction. Methods A sample of 257 Norwegian women responded to an online survey assessing body image dissatisfaction, problems with orgasm, and sexual relationship satisfaction. Using structural equation modeling and factor mixture modeling, the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and orgasmic response was assessed, and clusters of sexual response characteristics associated with varying levels of body image dissatisfaction were identified. Main Outcome Measure Orgasmic function during partnered sex and masturbation, along with sexual relationship satisfaction, were assessed as a function of body image. Results Body image dissatisfaction, along with a number of covariates, predicted higher levels of “problems with orgasm” during both partnered sex and masturbation, with no significant difference in the association depending on the type of sexual activity. Varying levels of body image dissatisfaction/satisfaction were associated with differences in orgasmic incidence, difficulty, and pleasure during partnered sex; with one orgasmic parameter during masturbation; and with sexual relationship satisfaction. Conclusion Body image dissatisfaction and likely concomitant psychological distress are related to impaired orgasmic response during both partnered sex and masturbation and may diminish sexual relationship satisfaction. Women with high body image dissatisfaction can be characterized by specific sexual response patterns. Horvath Z, Smith BH, Sal D, et al. Body Image, Orgasmic Response, and Sexual Relationship Satisfaction: Understanding Relationships and Establishing Typologies Based on Body Image Satisfaction. Sex Med 2020;8:740–751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Horvath
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Betina Hodt Smith
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Sal
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Hevesi
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA.
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7
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Stephenson KR, Welch JP. Statistical Mediators of the Association Between Mindfulness and Sexual Experiences in Men with Impaired Sexual Function. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1545-1557. [PMID: 31713094 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based therapy has shown promise as a treatment for female sexual dysfunction and has the potential to be an efficacious treatment for male sexual dysfunction. However, there has been little empirical evidence regarding the mechanisms through which mindfulness may improve sexual experiences, especially for men. Recent theoretical reviews have suggested potential mediators that may explain the beneficial effects of mindfulness on symptoms of male sexual dysfunction, including reduced avoidance of sex, reduced distraction during sex, and/or reduced activation of negative sexual schemas. We attempted an initial statistical test of these factors as potential mediators of the association between trait mindfulness and multiple sexual outcomes (sexual function, sexual satisfaction, and sexual distress) using a cross-sectional correlational design. A total of 163 men with self-reported current impairments in one or more aspects of sexual function completed self-report scales using a secure online survey. Bivariate correlations indicated that mindfulness was significantly associated with sexual satisfaction, sexual distress, and premature ejaculation, but not other aspects of sexual function. Sexual avoidance statistically mediated the link between mindfulness and sexual satisfaction, both distraction and activation of negative schemas statistically mediated the link between mindfulness and premature ejaculation, and all three factors statistically mediated the link between mindfulness and sexual distress. These results generally supported previous theoretical work and have implications for future treatment outcome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Stephenson
- Department of Psychology, Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, OR, 97301, USA.
| | - John P Welch
- Department of Psychology, Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, OR, 97301, USA
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8
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Peixoto MM, Nobre PJ. Cognitive-Emotional Predictors of Sexual Functioning in Lesbians, Gays, and Heterosexuals. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1823-1838. [PMID: 32462413 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive-emotional dimensions play a core role in predisposing and maintaining sexual difficulties. This study aimed to assess the role of personality traits, sexual beliefs, cognitive schemas, automatic thoughts and affective states in predicting sexual functioning in a Portuguese sample. A total of 226 lesbian women, 254 heterosexual women, 243 gay men, and 274 heterosexual men completed a web-survey. For each sample, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted, separately. Results indicated that positive affective states and fewer thoughts associated with failure and disengagement during sexual activity act as significant predictors for sexual functioning, in both lesbian and heterosexual women's groups. Specific predictors of better sexual functioning in lesbian women were lower activation of schemas of undesirability and incompetence, and fewer thoughts associated with sexual abuse, body-image and sexual passivity were, whereas particular predictors of better sexual functioning for heterosexual women were erotic thoughts, lower activation of schemas of undesirability and difference/loneliness, and beliefs related to sexual desire as a sin. For men's groups, the best predictor of sexual functioning was the presence of erotic thoughts. Particularly for gay men's group, fewer failure anticipation thoughts were also a predictor of better sexual functioning. Overall, this study supports the core and predictive role of cognitive-emotional dimensions in sexual functioning for lesbian and heterosexual women, as for gay and heterosexual men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Peixoto
- Psychology for Positive Development Research Center, Lusíada University, Rua Dr. Lopo de Carvalho, 4369-006, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro J Nobre
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, Center for Psychology at University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Bjornsson AS, Hardarson JP, Valdimarsdottir AG, Gudmundsdottir K, Tryggvadottir A, Thorarinsdottir K, Wessman I, Sigurjonsdottir Ó, Davidsdottir S, Thorisdottir AS. Social trauma and its association with posttraumatic stress disorder and social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 72:102228. [PMID: 32361167 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The key characteristic of a traumatic event as defined by the Diagnostic and Mental Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) seems to be a threat to life. However, evidence suggests that other types of threats may play a role in the development of PTSD and other disorders such as social anxiety disorder (SAD). One such threat is social trauma, which involves humiliation and rejection in social situations. In this study, we explored whether there were differences in the frequency, type and severity of social trauma endured by individuals with a primary diagnosis of SAD (n = 60) compared to a clinical control group of individuals with a primary diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, n = 19) and a control group of individuals with no psychiatric disorders (n = 60). The results showed that most participants in this study had experienced social trauma. There were no clear differences in the types of experiences between the groups. However, one third of participants in the SAD group (but none in the other groups) met criteria for PTSD or suffered from clinically significant PTSD symptoms in response to their most significant social trauma. This group of SAD patients described more severe social trauma than other participants. This line of research could have implications for theoretical models of both PTSD and SAD, and for the treatment of individuals with SAD suffering from PTSD after social trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Inga Wessman
- Department of Psychology, University of Iceland, Iceland
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10
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Chang YC, Hu WY, Chang YM, Chiu SC. Changes in sexual life experienced by women in Taiwan after receiving treatment for breast cancer. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2020; 14:1654343. [PMID: 31526246 PMCID: PMC6758685 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2019.1654343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of breast cancer survivors increases, these patients with sexual problems also increase. For breast cancer survivors, sexual problems are a common and painful experience. Although breast cancer survivors often encounter sexual problems, Taiwanese women are culturally conservative and patients rarely discuss sex problems with clinicians. In this study, we used qualitative methods to better understand the changes in sexual life and related care strategies for breast cancer survivors. Twenty interviews were conducted on clinical patients enrolled in hospitals that received breast cancer treatment. The data were analysed by performing a constant comparative analysis. Three themes emerged: the causes of changes in sexual life, internal response strategies and external response strategies. Ten subthemes were identified. Changes in sexual life in patients with breast cancer in this study included changes related to body image, influence of friends and family, age, genital problems, and illegal love of a partner. Breast cancer survivors can tolerate and regulate sexual life changes by adopting internal and external response strategies. Medical staff must be sensitive and must understand strategies for dealing with sexual life changes that may occur during cancer adjustment and how these strategies can help women’s well-being in the rest of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Hu
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ming Chang
- Department of Neurology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital , Hsinchu , Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Chiu
- Cancer Center, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital , Hsinchu , Taiwan
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11
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De Wilde M, Casini A, Wollast R, Demoulin S. Sex is power belief and women’s mental health: The mediating roles of self‐objectification and sexual subjectivity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias De Wilde
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Annalisa Casini
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Robin Wollast
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Bruxelles Belgium
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12
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Which psychosocial variables affect drive the most? Analysis of sexual desire in a group of Italian men. Int J Impot Res 2019; 31:410-423. [DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Levitan J, Quinn-Nilas C, Milhausen R, Breuer R. The Relationship Between Body Image and Sexual Functioning Among Gay and Bisexual Men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2019; 66:1856-1881. [PMID: 30265625 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2018.1519301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gay and bisexual men report high body dissatisfaction compared to heterosexual counterparts, but no studies to date have examined how this may impact their sexual functioning. The present study investigated body image domains as predictors of sexual functioning problems (inhibited desire, erectile dysfunction, and premature ejaculation) among an online community sample of 185 gay and bisexual men, ages 18-40. Participants reported moderate to high body image satisfaction and sexual functioning consistent with previous literature with nonclinical male samples. Overall, the total variance accounted for by regression models was low. Body image variables were not predictive of sexual desire. However, increased drive for muscularity and lower affective body esteem were predictive of erectile difficulties. Additionally, negative behavioral body image in sexual situations and evaluative body dissatisfaction were associated with premature ejaculation. Understanding this relationship may have implications for gay and bisexual men's health and wellbeing. Future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Levitan
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Chris Quinn-Nilas
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, The University of Guelph, Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Robin Milhausen
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, The University of Guelph, Guelph , Ontario , Canada
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14
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Olenik-Shemesh D, Heiman T, Keshet NS. The Role of Career Aspiration, Self-Esteem, Body Esteem, and Gender in Predicting Sense of Well-being Among Emerging Adults. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2018; 179:343-356. [PMID: 30332342 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2018.1526163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During emerging adulthood, one's sense of well-being undergoes many rapid changes. Although emerging adults often present considerable energy, creativity, and hopefulness, both in higher education classrooms and workplaces, they often experience a decrease in well-being due to experience confusion, stress encounters, and difficulties in transitioning to adulthood. The authors examined four noteworthy key socioemotional factors that may be linked to emerging adults' sense of well-being: career aspiration, self-esteem, body esteem, and gender. Three hundred 20- to 29-year-old university students participated in the study. Results showed that well-being was correlated positively with self-esteem and body esteem, and body esteem was correlated negatively with gender (men scored higher). Regression analyses revealed that for both men and women, self-esteem and body esteem predicted well-being. Nevertheless, when the gender was analyzed separately, career aspiration predicted well-being only for men, whereas body esteem predicted well-being only for women. The study findings illuminates the importance of generating preventive measures in childhood and adolescence, through reinforcing skills such as resilience and self-esteem with the aim of passing through emerging adulthood with as little harm as possible to the sense of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Olenik-Shemesh
- a Education and Psychology Department , The Open University of Israelm , Ra'anana , Israel
| | - Tali Heiman
- a Education and Psychology Department , The Open University of Israelm , Ra'anana , Israel
| | - Noam S Keshet
- a Education and Psychology Department , The Open University of Israelm , Ra'anana , Israel
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15
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Weaver AD, Byers ES. Young women's perceptions of the impact of their body image on their sexual experiences. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to explore women's perceptions of their body within the context of their sexual relationship with a male partner. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 young women (ages 19 to 29). Thematic analysis revealed that women described a fluctuating body image that influences their behaviour and experience of sexual activity including initiating or avoiding, openness or inhibition, and feeling engaged or distracted. They described contextual factors that affect their body image in sexual situations (e.g., lighting, sexual position) as well as strategies they used to ameliorate the impact of body image concerns (e.g., self-talk, shifting focus), to varying degrees of success. Most indicated that they were able to enjoy partnered sexual activity despite their insecurities. Thus, women viewed their sexual experiences as influenced by body image in dynamic, fluctuating ways, with numerous influencing factors. Strategies for mitigating these perceived negative effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D. Weaver
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS
| | - E. Sandra Byers
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Federicton, NB
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16
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Ward LM, Seabrook RC, Grower P, Giaccardi S, Lippman JR. Sexual Object or Sexual Subject? Media Use, Self-Sexualization, and Sexual Agency Among Undergraduate Women. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0361684317737940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Monique Ward
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rita C. Seabrook
- Departments of Psychology and Women’s Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Social Work, Center on Violence Against Women and Children, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Petal Grower
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Soraya Giaccardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia R. Lippman
- Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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17
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Carvalheira A, Price C, Neves CF. Body Awareness and Bodily Dissociation Among Those With and Without Sexual Difficulties: Differentiation Using the Scale of Body Connection. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2017; 43:801-810. [PMID: 28368683 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2017.1299823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to explore potential body awareness and bodily dissociation differences between men and women with and without sexual difficulties, using the Scale of Body Connection in a sample of 909 participants. In women, bodily dissociation scores were significantly higher across all reported sexual difficulties, except in sexual pain. Women with lack of sexual interest and sexual arousal had significantly lower body awareness when compared to women without these difficulties. These findings suggest the importance of targeting body awareness and bodily dissociation in the treatment of women's sexual difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carvalheira
- a William James Center for Research , ISPA-University Institute , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Cynthia Price
- b Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Cide F Neves
- c Research Unit of Psychology & Health , ISPA-University Institute , Lisbon , Portugal
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Crump L, Byers ES. Sexual well-being of sexual minority women in dating relationships who have experienced childhood sexual abuse and/or adolescent and adult sexual victimization. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.262-a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the sexual sequelae of child sexual abuse (CSA) for sexual minority women (SMW), particularly SMW in dating relationships. We examined the impact of CSA on several aspects of sexual well-being. Participants were 299 SMW in a non-cohabiting dating relationship who completed an online survey that assessed CSA, adolescent and adult sexual victimization (AASV) and their behavioural, motivational, and cognitive-affective sexual responses. Four groups were formed based on sexual abuse experiences before the age of 14: No lifetime sexual abuse (NSA Group); AASV only (AASV Group); CSA limited to fondling (CSAfon Group); and, CSA involving attempted/completed vaginal, oral and/or anal penetration (CSApen Group). Women in the CSAfon and CSApen groups were significantly more likely to report having experienced AASV (77% and 56%, respectively) than were women in the AASV and NSA groups (32%). Women in the CSApen Group reported significantly lower sexual desire and sexual satisfaction, and more frequent negative automatic sexual thoughts than women in the other groups but no differences in their frequency of sexual behaviours, sexual duration, sexual esteem, or sexual anxiety. The AASV Group did not differ from the NSA Group on any of the sexual well-being variables. Overall, women in all four groups generally reported positive sexual well-being. These results suggest CSA involving attempted/completed penetration with or without subsequent AASV negatively affects only some aspects of SMW's sexual well-being. They also suggest SMW who have experienced sexual abuse can and do enjoy healthy sexual well-being within the context of a dating relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Crump
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB
| | - E. Sandra Byers
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB
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Goldsmith K, Dunkley CR, Dang SS, Gorzalka BB. Pornography consumption and its association with sexual concerns and expectations among young men and women. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.262-a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Goldsmith
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB
| | - Cara R. Dunkley
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Silvain S. Dang
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Boris B. Gorzalka
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Carvalheira A, Godinho L, Costa P. The Impact of Body Dissatisfaction on Distressing Sexual Difficulties Among Men and Women: the Mediator Role of Cognitive Distraction. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:331-340. [PMID: 27119756 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1168771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated a negative impact of cognitive distraction on sexual activity, and body dissatisfaction has been associated with less satisfying and fewer sexual activities. In the current study we examined the extent to which cognitive distraction, based on body appearance and sexual performance, mediated the impact of body dissatisfaction on sexual difficulties among women and men. A sample of 493 women (Mage = 30.61) and 595 men (Mage = 37.90) completed an online survey. Women reported significantly higher levels of distressing sexual difficulties, significantly more body dissatisfaction, and greater cognitive distraction based on appearance than men. In contrast, men reported higher cognitive distraction based on performance than women. A path analysis model indicated that, for men, only cognitive distraction based on performance mediated the effects of body dissatisfaction on distressing sexual difficulties, and the mediation was only partial as body dissatisfaction had a significant direct effect on distressing sexual difficulties. In contrast, among women, both appearance-based cognitive distraction and performance-based cognitive distraction fully mediated the effects of body dissatisfaction on distressing sexual difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carvalheira
- a William James Center for Research , ISPA-University Institute
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21
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Dosch A, Ghisletta P, Van der Linden M. Body Image in Dyadic and Solitary Sexual Desire: The Role of Encoding Style and Distracting Thoughts. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2016; 53:1193-1206. [PMID: 26606428 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1096321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the link between body image and desire to engage in sexual activity (dyadic and solitary desire) in adult women living in a long-term couple relationship. Moreover, it considered two psychological factors that may underlie such a link: the occurrence of body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity and encoding style (i.e., the tendency to rely on preexisting internal schemata versus external information at encoding). A total of 53 women (29 to 47 years old) in heterosexual relationships completed questionnaires assessing sexual desire (dyadic, solitary), body image, body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity, and encoding style. Results showed that poor body image was associated with low dyadic and solitary sexual desire. Body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity mediated the link between body image and solitary (but not dyadic) sexual desire. Finally, the mediation of body-related distracting thoughts between body image and solitary sexual desire was moderated by encoding style. A negative body image promoted the occurrence of body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity, especially in internal encoders. Our study highlights the importance of body image, distracting thoughts, and encoding style in women's solitary sexuality and suggests possible factors that may reduce the impact of those body-related factors in dyadic sexual desire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dosch
- a Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit , University of Geneva
| | | | - Martial Van der Linden
- c Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit , University of Geneva
- d Swiss Center for Affective Sciences , University of Geneva
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Peixoto MM, Nobre P. Automatic Thoughts During Sexual Activity, Distressing Sexual Symptoms, and Sexual Orientation: Findings from a Web Survey. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2016; 42:616-634. [PMID: 26571182 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2015.1113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies with heterosexual samples have supported the role of cognitions on sexual functioning in men and women. However, there is no research on the impact of automatic thoughts on sexual functioning in sexual-minority samples. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze the differences in automatic thoughts during sexual activity between gay and heterosexual men, and lesbian and heterosexual women, with and without distressing sexual symptoms, in order to establish similarities and differences between samples. A web survey was completed by 156 men and 168 women. A group of men and women with distressing sexual symptoms (78 men and 84 women) and a group without distressing sexual symptoms (78 men and 84 women) equally distributed in terms of sexual orientation and matched for sociodemographic variables were constituted. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire about sexual symptoms, and an automatic thoughts measure. Main findings suggested that men and women with distressing sexual symptoms reported significantly more negative automatic thoughts and fewer erotic thoughts during sexual activity, regardless of sexual orientation. Overall, current findings were consistent with previous research with heterosexual samples, suggesting a similar pattern in heterosexual samples, and gay men and lesbian women samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Peixoto
- a Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Pedro Nobre
- a Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Goldsmith KM, Byers ES. Perceived impact of body feedback from romantic partners on young adults' body image and sexual well-being. Body Image 2016; 17:161-70. [PMID: 27085111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the messages individuals receive from their partners about their bodies and their perceived impact on body image and sexual well-being. Young adult men (n=35) and women (n=57) completed open-ended questions identifying messages they had received from partners and the impact of these messages on their body image and sexual well-being. Content coding revealed three verbal (expressions of approval and pride, challenging negative beliefs, expressions of sexual attraction/arousal/desire) and two nonverbal (physical affection, physical expressions of sexual attraction/arousal/desire) positive messages as well as one verbal (disapproval/disgust) and two nonverbal (rejection, humiliation) negative messages. Some participants reported gender-related messages (muscularity/strength, genital appearance, breast appearance, weight, and comparison to others). Positive messages were seen to increase confidence, self-acceptance, and sexual empowerment/fulfillment, whereas negative messages decreased these feelings. Our findings suggest that even everyday, seemingly neutral messages are perceived to have an important impact on young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Goldsmith
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - E Sandra Byers
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Quinn-Nilas C, Benson L, Milhausen RR, Buchholz AC, Goncalves M. The Relationship Between Body Image and Domains of Sexual Functioning Among Heterosexual, Emerging Adult Women. Sex Med 2016; 4:e182-9. [PMID: 27036088 PMCID: PMC5005305 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research suggests that body image affects sexual functioning, but the relationship between specific types of body image (evaluative, affective, and behavioral) and domains of sexual functioning (desire, arousal, and orgasm) has not been investigated. Aim To determine whether, and to what degree, body image concerns (evaluative, affective, and behavioral) influence aspects of women’s sexual functioning (desire, arousal, and orgasm). Methods Eighty-eight sexually active women in heterosexual romantic relationships completed surveys assessing evaluative, affective, and behavioral body image and sexual functioning. Body composition data also were collected using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Main Outcome Measures Sexual functioning was assessed using the desire, arousal, and orgasm subscales of the Female Sexual Functioning Index. Results Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that poor evaluative, affective, and behavioral body image were detrimental to women's sexual functioning. Specifically, dissatisfaction with one's body predicted decrements in desire (β = −0.31, P < .05) and arousal (β = −0.35, P < .01). Similarly, feeling that others evaluate one's body negatively predicted decrements in desire (β = 0.22, P < .05) and arousal (β = 0.35, P < .01). Feeling negatively about one’s appearance predicted decrements in arousal (β = 0.26, P < .05). Negative thoughts and feelings about one’s body during a sexual encounter (body image self-consciousness) predicted decrements in arousal (β = −0.37, P < .01) and orgasm (β = −0.25, P < .05). Conclusion Findings from this study suggest important linkages between body image and sexual functioning constructs and indicates that interventions to improve body image could have concomitant benefits related to sexual experience.
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Træen B, Markovic A, Kvalem IL. Sexual satisfaction and body image: a cross-sectional study among Norwegian young adults. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2015.1131815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kurtiş T, Adams G. Decolonizing Liberation: Toward a Transnational Feminist Psychology. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v3i1.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper engages the theme of “decolonizing psychological science” in the context of a perspective on psychological theory and research—namely, feminist psychology—that shares an emphasis on broad liberation. Although conceived as a universal theory and practice of liberation, scholars across diverse sites have suggested that feminism—perhaps especially as it manifests in psychological science—is not always compatible with and at times is even contradictory to global struggles for decolonization. The liberatory impulse of feminist psychology falls short of its potential not only because of its grounding in neocolonial legacies of hegemonic feminisms, but also because of its complicity with neocolonial tendencies of hegemonic psychological science. In response to these concerns, we draw upon on perspectives of transnational feminisms and cultural psychology as tools to decolonize (feminist) psychology. We then propose the possibility of a (transnational) feminist psychology that takes the epistemological position of people in various marginalized majority-world settings as a resource to rethink conventional scientific wisdom and liberate “liberation”. Rather than freeing some women to better participate in global domination, a transnational feminist psychology illuminates sustainable ways of being that are consistent with broader liberation of humanity in general.
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Milhausen RR, Buchholz AC, Opperman EA, Benson LE. Relationships Between Body Image, Body Composition, Sexual Functioning, and Sexual Satisfaction Among Heterosexual Young Adults. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:1621-33. [PMID: 25063473 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between body image and body-image self-consciousness on sexual satisfaction, accounting for relationships between body fat and body image, and between sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction, while controlling for relationship satisfaction. Participants were 143, 18-25 year-old Caucasian men and women in heterosexual monogamous relationships, recruited from the University of Guelph and surrounding community in Ontario, Canada. Various domains of body image, body-image self-consciousness, sexual satisfaction and functioning, and relationship satisfaction data were collected by questionnaires. Body fat was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Among men, body image was positively associated with sexual satisfaction, after controlling for relationship satisfaction. Men with greater body fat were more likely to have poorer behavioral and affective body image. Only body image specific to the sexual encounter influenced sexual functioning. Among women, no domain of body image was associated with sexual satisfaction, after controlling for relationship satisfaction. Women with greater body fat were more likely to have poorer affective and sexual-encounter-specific body image. As percent total fat increased, sexual functioning decreased. Our results suggest a complex pattern of relationships exists among body image and body composition constructs and sexual and relationship variable; and that these relationships are not the same for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R Milhausen
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, MacDonald Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON , N1G 2W1, Canada
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Dunkley CR, Goldsmith KM, Gorzalka BB. The potential role of mindfulness in protecting against sexual insecurities. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.242-a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has identified the detrimental effects of sexual insecurities on various sexual outcomes. However, few studies have investigated factors that may protect against the development and maintenance of these insecurities. Mindfulness has shown promise in promoting sexual well-being in several recent investigations, and may play a role in protecting against sexual insecurities and enhancing sexual satisfaction. Therefore, the goal of this investigation was to determine whether mindfulness was related to reduced sexual insecurities and whether mindfulness mediated the relationship between sexual insecurities and sexual satisfaction. An online survey measuring sexual insecurities, sexual satisfaction and mindfulness was administered to female (n=687) and male (n=334) undergraduate students. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher levels of mindfulness were associated with fewer sexual insecurities and greater sexual satisfaction in men and women. A series of bootstrap multiple mediation analyses indicated that mindfulness partially mediated the relationship between sexual insecurities and several aspects of sexual satisfaction. These research findings suggest that mindfulness may promote sexual satisfaction and mitigate sexual insecurities in men and women. Investigating the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in the reduction of sexual insecurities represents a promising area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara R. Dunkley
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | | | - Boris B. Gorzalka
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Maillé DL, Bergeron S, Lambert B. Body Image in Women with Primary and Secondary Provoked Vestibulodynia: A Controlled Study. J Sex Med 2015; 12:505-15. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Pascoal PM, Raposo CF, Oliveira LB. Predictors of body appearance cognitive distraction during sexual activity in a sample of men with ED. Int J Impot Res 2014; 27:103-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2014.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes M, Sierra JC. Sexual satisfaction in a heterosexual and homosexual Spanish sample: the role of socio-demographic characteristics, health indicators, and relational factors. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2014.978275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vilarinho S, Laja P, Carvalho J, Quinta-Gomes AL, Oliveira C, Janssen E, Nobre PJ. Affective and Cognitive Determinants of Women's Sexual Response to Erotica. J Sex Med 2014; 11:2671-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ben Thabet J, Sallemi R, Charfi N, Maâlej Bouali M, Charfi N, Zouari L, Zouari N, Abid M, Maâlej M. Satisfaction sexuelle chez des sujets obèses tunisiens. SEXOLOGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Ben Thabet J, Sallemi R, Charfi N, Maâlej Bouali M, Charfi N, Zouari L, Zouari N, Abid M, Maâlej M. Sexual satisfaction in Tunisian obese subjects. SEXOLOGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Awada N, Bergeron S, Steben M, Hainault V, McDuff P. To Say or not to Say: Dyadic Ambivalence over Emotional Expression and Its Associations with Pain, Sexuality, and Distress in Couples Coping with Provoked Vestibulodynia. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1271-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anderson AB, Hamilton LD. Assessment of distraction from erotic stimuli by nonerotic interference. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2014; 52:317-326. [PMID: 24611908 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2013.876608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Distraction from erotic cues during sexual encounters is a major contributor to sexual difficulties in men and women. Being able to assess distraction in studies of sexual arousal will help clarify underlying contributions to sexual problems. The current study aimed to identify the most accurate assessment of distraction from erotic cues in healthy men (n = 29) and women (n = 38). Participants were assigned to a no distraction, low distraction, or high distraction condition. Distraction was induced using an auditory distraction task presented during the viewing of an erotic video. Attention to erotic cues was assessed using three methods: a written quiz, a visual quiz, and a self-reported distraction measure. Genital and psychological sexual responses were also measured. Self-reported distraction and written quiz scores most accurately represented the level of distraction present, while self-reported distraction also corresponded with a decrease in genital arousal. Findings support the usefulness of self-report measures in conjunction with a brief quiz on the erotic material as the most accurate and sensitive ways to simply measure experimentally-induced distraction. Insight into distraction assessment techniques will enable evaluation of naturally occurring distraction in patients suffering from sexual problems.
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McClelland SI. “What do you mean when you say that you are sexually satisfied?” A mixed methods study. FEMINISM & PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0959353513508392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Not enough is understood about the role of gender norms and sexual stigma in shaping individuals’ definitions of sexual satisfaction. The current study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of definitions of sexual satisfaction in a sample of young adults, ages 18–28 (M = 22.6; SD = 4.78). Forty US participants (50% females; 45% LGBTQ; 53% white) sorted 63 statements about sexual satisfaction using a Q methodology design ( Watts and Stenner, 2005 ), followed by semi-structured interviews. This mixed methods procedure enabled both a systematic and in-depth examination of the dimensions participants prioritized when determining their sexual satisfaction. Analysis of participants’ Q sorts indicated four distinct perspectives on sexual satisfaction: emotional and masculine; relational and feminine; partner focused; and orgasm focused. These four factors were further explored using participants’ interview data. Findings indicated that individuals interpreted sexual satisfaction using several key dimensions not regularly included in survey research. Existing survey items do not regularly attend to the gendered and heteronormative components of sexual satisfaction appraisals and as a result, important interpretive patterns may be overlooked.
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Bogaert AF, Brotto LA. Object of desire self-consciousness theory. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2013; 40:323-338. [PMID: 23905711 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2012.756841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the authors discuss the construct of object of desire self-consciousness, the perception that one is romantically and sexually desirable in another's eyes. The authors discuss the nature of the construct, variations in its expression, and how it may function as part of a self-schemata or script related to romance and sexuality. The authors suggest that object of desire self-consciousness may be an adaptive, evolved psychological mechanism allowing sexual and romantic tactics suitable to one's mate value. The authors also suggest that it can act as a signal that one has high mate value in the sexual marketplace. The authors then review literature (e.g., on fantasies, on sexual activity preferences, on sexual dysfunctions, on language) suggesting that object of desire self-consciousness plays a particularly important role in heterosexual women's sexual/romantic functioning and desires.
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Péloquin K, Brassard A, Lafontaine MF, Shaver PR. Sexuality examined through the lens of attachment theory: attachment, caregiving, and sexual satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2013; 51:561-576. [PMID: 23659357 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2012.757281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Attachment researchers have proposed that the attachment, caregiving, and sexual behavioral systems are interrelated in adult love relationships (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007 ). This study examined whether aspects of partners' caregiving (proximity, sensitivity, control, compulsive caregiving) mediated the association between their attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) and each other's sexual satisfaction in two samples of committed couples (Study 1: 126 cohabiting or married couples from the general community; Study 2: 55 clinically distressed couples). Partners completed the Experiences in Close Relationships measure (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998 ), the Caregiving Questionnaire (Kunce & Shaver, 1994 ), and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction (Lawrance & Byers, 1998 ). Path analyses based on the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) revealed that caregiving proximity mediated the association between low attachment avoidance and partners' sexual satisfaction in distressed and nondistressed couples. Sensitivity mediated this association in nondistressed couples only. Control mediated the association between men's insecurities (attachment-related avoidance and anxiety) and their partners' low sexual satisfaction in nondistressed couples. Attachment anxiety predicted compulsive caregiving, but this caregiving dimension was not a significant mediator. These results are discussed in light of attachment theory and their implications for treating distressed couples.
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40
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Fallis EE, Purdon C, Rehman US. Development and validation of the response to sexual difficulties scale. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2013; 42:67-79. [PMID: 22782144 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-012-9973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leading models of sexual dysfunction, such as those proposed by Masters and Johnson (1970), Barlow (1986), and Janssen, Everaerd, Spiering, and Janssen (2000), emphasize the role of anxiety and self-monitoring in the development and persistence of sexual difficulties. These models have considerable explanatory power, but focus on the intrapersonal factors that yield anxiety and self-monitoring. Accounting for the interpersonal context in which sexual activity occurs is also likely to be important. For example, anxiety and self-monitoring may arise from negative, yet accurate, predictions about how one's partner will respond to one's own sexual functioning difficulties. The current studies describe the development and validation of the Response to Sexual Difficulties Scale (RSDS), which was designed to assess how one expects one's partner to respond to one's own sexual difficulties (RSDS-Own Difficulties) and how one expects oneself to respond to one's partner's sexual difficulties (RSDS-Partner Difficulties). Study 1 established the initial reliability and construct validity of the RSDS-Own Difficulties in a sample of adults in committed relationships (N = 59). Study 2 further examined the construct and discriminant validity of the RSDS Own Difficulties and Partner Difficulties in a sample of heterosexual couples (N = 87). Results indicated that both measures had strong internal consistency and were not redundant with measures of mood or personality. Scores on the RSDS-Own Difficulties and Partner Difficulties were strongly associated, indicating that reports of one's own response to one's partner's difficulty matched the partner's assessment of the reaction. RSDS scores predicted sexual functioning, relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and sexual communication. The RSDS may, then, provide a useful means of assessing the role of interpersonal factors in the development and persistence of sexual difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Fallis
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Approach to Assessment. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(16)35355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lacefield K, Negy C. Non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity in sexual minority and heterosexual young adults. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2012; 41:391-400. [PMID: 21796485 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined 100 lesbian and gay college students and 100 heterosexual students to determine whether group differences exist in frequency of a range of non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity. Non-erotic cognitive distraction is a descriptive term for both self-evaluative cognitions related to physical performance and body image concerns, as well as additional cognitive distractions (e.g., contracting an STI or emotional concerns) during sexual activity. Participants were matched on gender (96 males and 104 females), age, and ethnicity, and completed questionnaires assessing frequency of non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity, as well as measures of additional variables (trait and body image anxiety, attitudes toward sexual minorities, self-esteem, and religiosity). Results indicated that sexual minorities experienced significantly more cognitive distractions related to body image, physical performance, and STIs during sexual activity than heterosexuals. Regarding gender, men reported more distractions related to STIs than women. Interaction effects were observed between sexual orientation and gender for body image-, disease-, and external/emotional-based distractions. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Lacefield
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-1390, USA.
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Roberts VM, Prause N. Effects of individual differences on the efficacy of different distracters during visual sexual stimulation in women. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2012; 41:297-310. [PMID: 22083654 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Distractions from sexual cues have been shown to decrease the sexual response, but it is unclear how distracters decrease sexual response. Individual differences may modulate the efficacy of distracters. Forty women viewed three sexual films while their labial temperature and continuous self-reported sexual arousal were monitored. One sexual film had simultaneous verbal distracters concerning dissatisfaction with one's physical appearance (higher salience distracter), a second had distracters concerning daily chores (lower salience distracter), and the third sexual film had no distracters. Participant's reporting greater relationship satisfaction and more communication with their partner about their own physical appearance were expected to decrease the efficacy (increased sexual arousal) of the distracters concerning physical appearance. Contrary to expectations, women who received less feedback about their body from their partners reported less sexual arousal during a sexual film with body distracters than a sexual film with general distracters or a sexual film with no distracters. All women exhibited lower labial temperature in Minutes 2 and 3 of the sexual film with body image distracters as compared to the other two sexual films. Possible explanations explored include self-verification theory and individual differences in the indicators that women consider when rating their sexual arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena M Roberts
- Denver Health Eastside Family Health Center, 501 28th Street, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
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Woertman L, van den Brink F. Body image and female sexual functioning and behavior: a review. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2012; 49:184-211. [PMID: 22380588 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2012.658586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge in the research fields of body image and sexuality has significantly increased in the last decade. In this review, data from 57 studies were compiled for a review of empirical evidence regarding the association between sexuality and body image among healthy women. The overall conclusion is that body image issues can affect all domains of sexual functioning. Cognitions and self-consciousness seem to be key factors in understanding the complex relationships between women's body image and sexuality. Body evaluations and cognitions not only interfere with sexual responses and experiences during sexual activity, but also with sexual behavior, sexual avoidance, and risky sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Woertman
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
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45
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Mitchell KR, Wellings K. Measuring sexual function in community surveys: development of a conceptual framework. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2011; 50:17-28. [PMID: 22047590 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2011.621038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Among the many psychometric measures of sexual (dys)function, none is entirely suited to use in community surveys. Faced with the need to include a brief and non-intrusive measure of sexual function in a general population survey, a new measure was developed. Findings from qualitative research with men and women in the community designed to inform the conceptual framework for this measure are presented. Thirty-two semi-structured interviews with individuals recruited from a general practice, an HIV/AIDS charity, and a sexual problems clinic were conducted. From their accounts, 31 potential criteria of a functional sex life were identified. Using evidence from qualitative data and the existing literature, and applying a set of decision rules, the list was reduced to 13 (eight for those not in a relationship), and a further eight criteria were added to enable individuals to self-rate their level of function and indicate the severity of difficulties. These criteria constitute a conceptual framework that is grounded in participant perceptions; is relevant to all, regardless of sexual experience or orientation; provides opportunity to state the degree of associated distress; and incorporates relational, psychological, and physiological aspects. It provides the conceptual basis for a concise and acceptable measure of sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin R Mitchell
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Fahs B, Swank E. Social identities as predictors of women's sexual satisfaction and sexual activity. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2011; 40:903-914. [PMID: 20878224 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-010-9681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
While much research has examined sexual problems and dysfunction, far less research has examined intersections between sexual satisfaction and sexual activity, particularly as it relates to social identities. This study utilized secondary analysis of 1,473 women from the National Health and Social Life Survey to examine the way sexual satisfaction and sexual activity are at times misaligned. Using factor and cluster analyses, four groups of women defined by being high or low on satisfaction and activity were predicted by nine demographic variables, including socioeconomic class, racial/ethnic identity, age, marital status, education, sexual identity, geographical "coming of age" location, employment status, and number of children. Results showed that lower status women (women of color, working-class women, younger women, less educated women, women who worked full-time) reported low satisfaction and high activity. Women who reported high satisfaction and low activity represented the largest cluster of women, indicating that more women reported a disjuncture between satisfaction and activity than did those reporting a match between satisfaction and activity. Implications for clinical, sexuality, and social identity literatures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Fahs
- Women and Gender Studies Program, Arizona State University at the West Campus, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Mail Code 2151, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA.
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Purdon C, Watson C. Non-erotic thoughts and sexual functioning. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2011; 40:891-902. [PMID: 21590442 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to replicate and extend investigations of current models of sexual dysfunction (Barlow, 2002; Janssen, Everaerd, Spiering, & Janssen, 2000) which implicate factors such as spectatoring, failure to use ameliorative strategies, and information processing biases in the development and persistence of sexual difficulties. A sample of 165 (n = 71 men) undergraduates completed measures of sexual dysfunction and relationship satisfaction, and reported on the content and frequency of non-erotic thoughts during sex with a partner (i.e., spectatoring), the emotional impact of non-erotic thoughts, and the strategies used to manage them. They also reported on their main sexual functioning difficulties and the strategies they used to manage those difficulties. Finally, participants were presented with a series of hypothetical sexual scenarios and were asked to report their immediate interpretation of events in the scenario. The content of non-erotic thoughts was similar to previous work (Purdon & Holdaway, 2006), although gender differences in thought content were less pronounced. As in previous research, greater frequency of, and anxiety evoked by, non-erotic thoughts was associated with poorer sexual functioning, but we found that this was over and above relationship satisfaction. Participants both high and low in sexual functioning reported using a variety of strategies to manage their non-erotic thoughts, thought suppression being the least effective, and also used a variety of strategies to manage sexual difficulties. Poorer sexual functioning was associated with more negative interpretations of ambiguous sexual scenarios, but this was mediated by relationship satisfaction. However, positive interpretations were predicted by sexual functioning. Results were discussed in terms of their theoretical and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Purdon
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Nelson AL, Purdon C. Non-erotic thoughts, attentional focus, and sexual problems in a community sample. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2011; 40:395-406. [PMID: 21136147 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-010-9693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
According to Barlow's model of sexual dysfunction, anxiety in sexual situations leads to attentional focus on sexual performance at the expense of erotic cues, which compromises sexual arousal. This negative experience will enhance anxiety in future sexual situations, and non-erotic thoughts (NETs) relevant to performance will receive attentional priority. Previous research with student samples (Purdon & Holdaway, 2006; Purdon & Watson, 2010) has found that people experience many types of NETs in addition to performance-relevant thoughts, and that, consistent with Barlow's model, the frequency of and anxiety evoked by these thoughts is positively associated with sexual problems. Extending this previous work, the current study found that, in a community sample of women (N = 81) and men (N = 72) in long-term relationships, women were more likely to report body image concerns and external consequences of the sexual activity, while men were more likely to report performance-related concerns. Equally likely among men and women were thoughts about emotional consequences of the sexual activity. Regardless of thought content, experiencing more frequent NETs was associated with more sexual problems in both women and men. Moreover, as per Barlow's model, greater negative affect in anticipation of and during sexual activity predicted greater frequency of NETs and greater anxiety in response to NETs was associated with greater difficulty dismissing the thoughts. However, greater difficulty in refocusing on erotic thoughts during sexual activity uniquely predicted more sexual problems above the frequency and dismissability of NETs. Together, these data support the cognitive interference mechanism implicated by Barlow's causal model of sexual dysfunction and have implications for the treatment of sexual problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Carvalho J, Nobre P. Predictors of men's sexual desire: the role of psychological, cognitive-emotional, relational, and medical factors. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2011; 48:254-262. [PMID: 20191421 DOI: 10.1080/00224491003605475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the main predictive factors of male sexual desire, considering medical, psychological, and relationship factors. The study assessed 205 men from the general population on the following variables: psychological adjustment, dysfunctional sexual beliefs, automatic thoughts and emotions during sexual activity, dyadic adjustment, and the presence of medical conditions. Regarding cognitive and emotional factors, restrictive attitudes toward sexuality (β = -.27), lack of erotic thoughts during sexual activity (β = -.35), concerns about erection (β = -.26), emotions of sadness (β = -.23), and shame (β = -.23) in a sexual context were significant predictors of sexual desire. Dyadic adjustment and the presence of medical conditions were not significant predictors of male sexual desire. A multiple regression analysis including all these variables, in addition to age, indicated that lack of erotic thoughts during sexual activity was the only significant predictor of sexual desire (β = -.28). These findings suggest the importance of cognitive dimensions in sexual desire, particularly the role of attentional focus and lack of erotic thoughts during sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carvalho
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal.
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Carvalho J, Nobre P. Biopsychosocial determinants of men's sexual desire: testing an integrative model. J Sex Med 2010; 8:754-63. [PMID: 21176114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a severe lack of studies on male sexual desire and its biopsychosocial determinants. Most of the studies are focused on female sexual interest and are based on the contribution of single dimensions instead of the interaction between them. AIM The aim of the present study was to test a conceptual model considering the interrelated role of biopsychosocial factors on male sexual desire. This model allowed us to test not only the unique impact of predictors that are traditionally related to sexual desire, but also how their interaction affects sexual desire in men. METHODS Two hundred and thirty seven men from the general population were assessed according to age (mean age = 35, standard deviation = 11), medical problems, psychopathology, dyadic adjustment, and cognitive-emotional factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Psychopathology measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory, dysfunctional sexual beliefs measured by the Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire, thoughts and emotions in sexual context measured by the Sexual Modes Questionnaire, dyadic adjustment measured by the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, medical condition measured by the Medical History Formulation, and sexual desire measured by the Sexual Desire subscale of the International Index of Erectile Function. RESULTS Results showed that cognitive factors (sexual beliefs and automatic thoughts during sexual activity) were the best predictors of sexual desire in men. Specifically, beliefs related to restrictive attitudes toward sexuality, erection concerns, and lack of erotic thoughts in sexual context, had a significant direct effect on reduced sexual desire. Moreover, this set of cognitive-emotional factors also mediated the relationship between medical problems, age, and sexual desire. CONCLUSION Results from this integrative approach highlighted the role of cognitive factors related to cultural values (dysfunctional sexual beliefs) and distraction mechanisms during sexual context (automatic thoughts) in male sexual interest. Findings support the need to include cognitive dimensions in the assessment and treatment of sexual desire problems, considering their involvement as vulnerability or resiliency factors for deficient sexual desire in men. Moreover, these factors surpassed the importance of the remaining factors (particularly, of medical factors and psychopathology), showing that, despite the lack of studies, male sexuality is better conceptualized from a biopsychosocial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carvalho
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Vila Real, Portugal.
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